采用主流FPGA的数字电路在线生长进化方法

采用主流FPGA器件构建了在线进化平台,提出了一种适合较大规模数字电路在线进化的生长进化方法。该方法模拟植物生长机理进化以解决进化速度缓慢问题,采用增长验证评估方法取代传统的穷举式验证评估方法来解决在线验证评估难题;应用免疫遗传算法克服遗传算法的早熟收敛问题;采用多参数级联十进制整数编码方法缩短染色体长度;采用生长进化方法成功地进化出了16位加法器和8位乘法器。对比实验结果表明,采用生长进化方法无论是进化出的电路规模,还是进化速度均优于传统的直接进化方法。

生长进化拓扑优化算法在油船中剖面结构优化上的运用

单元进化生长拓扑优化算法较之其他拓扑优化算法有其独特之处,文章通过引入单元生长进化算法对VLCC中剖面横撑结构进行优化设计。结合单元应力指标函数及单元权重系数确定优化模型的目标函数,通过计算单元应力确定单元权重系数的迭代递推关系式,结合有限元平衡方程建立优化数学模型,通过解析计算知优化模型目标函数的取值主要取决于体积函数值,依此建立完整的单元生长进化优化流程。通过与ANSYS连续体拓扑优化计算的比较可知单元生长进化算法更加简单高效,对VLCC轻量化设计具有一定的理论参考价值。

Effect of Three Precursors on Accumulation of Principal Volatile Oil Constituents in Tissue Culture Plantlets of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of three precursors on the accumulation of principal volatile oil constituents in tissue culture plantlets of Atractylodes lancea （Thunb.） DC. with the aim to provide references for the improvement of artificial cultivated A. lancea quality. [Method] Three precursors were added into the MS rooting medium for A. lancea tissue culture plantlets and the volatile oil was extracted by ultrasonication after cultured for several days. The content of atractylon, atractylol, β-eucalyptol and atractydin in the volatile oil were determined by using gas chromatography method. [Result] The addition of xylose, isoprene and tetrahydrofuran impacted the growth indicators, yield of volatile oil and relative percentage content of the four constituents of A. lancea tissue culture plantlets. In the 6 g/L xylose optimized medium, the atractylon and β-eucalyptol content reached up to 4.23% and 56.34%, respectively, 1.41% and 1.66% higher than the control; although the addition of isoprene into medium raised the atractylon content, the accumulation of total volatile oil was inhibited that it decreased by 23.67%, 31.06% and 7.10% to the control; for the tetrahydrofuran optimized medium, the content of atractylon, atractylol and atractydin all increased, and the total volatile oil content increased by 49.97% to the control when the concentration of tetrahydrofuran was 0.07 g/L. [Conclusion] The addition of xylose and tetrahydrofuran promoted the accumulation of principal constituents of the volatile oil, whereas the addition of isoprene inhibited the accumulation.

泊位-岸桥联合分配模型的模拟植物生长交替进化算法

为了综合优化集装箱码头泊位和岸桥联合分配计划,分析了二者的相互独立性和系统关联性;利用相互独立性,分别针对泊位和岸桥分配建立了以平均在港时间和作业成本最小为目标的2个优化子模型;利用系统关联性,构建了泊位-岸桥联合分配的约束条件,将2个子模型紧密联系在一起,建立了完整的泊位-岸桥联合分配模型;分析了联合分配模型的特点,设计了模拟植物生长交替进化算法求解模型,利用基于模拟植物生长算法的交替进化算子对种群中每个个体的2个目标进行交替优化,进而实现种群进化,通过算法框架实现非支配解筛选,经多次种群进化和非支配解筛选,获得泊位-岸桥联合分配的Pareto满意解集;针对大连港集装箱码头3d中共计31艘真实到港船舶的泊位-岸桥联合分配计划进行优化计算,并与多目标遗传算法的计算结果进行对比。计算结果表明:共获得13个满意解,船舶平均在港时间为7.47~9.44h,使用岸桥次数为85~96台,作业总成本为20.868~21.114万元;与多目标遗传算法相比,进化算法的运算速度提高了6.07%,所得非支配解的数量增加了4个,增加幅度为30.76%,且计算结果更趋近于Pareto前沿,联合分配计划优化程度较高。可见,采用模拟植物生长交替进化算法能够最大限度地保持种群进化过程中个体的独立性,获得更多的非劣解,且交替进化的方式能够使结果更逼近Pareto前沿。

Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride

Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L.

Effect of Using Baker＇s Yeast and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes as Growth Promoters on Growth, Feed Utilization and Hematological Indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of baker yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae （SC） and exogenous digestive enzymes （pepsin, papain and a-amylase, EDE） dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 630 Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average body weight of 26.4 ± 0.2 g were divided in the seven experimental net-pen treatments （three replicates each）. The experiment was conducted for 119 days. Seven isonitrogenous （26.50%） digestible protein and isocaloric （13.40 MJ kgl） digestible energy experimental diets were formulated. The control diet had no SC and EDE added. Diets 2-3 each contained SC at levels of 2 and 4 g 100 g diet-t, respectively, while diets 4-5 each contained EDE at levels of （0.64, 1.28, 0.16） and （1.28, 2.56, 0.32） g 100 gdiefI of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively. Diet 6 contained mixture of SC and EDE at levels of 1 g yeast and 0.32, 0.64, 0.08 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 gdiet1 and diet D7 contained 2 g yeast and 0.64, 1.28, 0.16 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 g dietl. Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of Nile tilapia were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in all treatments receiving SC and/or EDE supplemented-diets than the control diet which suggests that the addition of SC and EDE enhanced the growth performance. Red blood cells counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly （P 〈 0.05） highest in all treatments receiving mixture of SC and EDE supplemented-diets （D6 ＋ D7）. The same trend was observed for total plasma protein and total plasma globulin levels. The results of present study suggested that Nile tilapia fingerlings fed diets containing the mixture of I g yeast, SC and 0.32, 0.64, 0.08 g of pepsin, papain and a-amylase, respectively 100 gdiet^-1, for 119 days had enhanced growth performance, diet utilization efficiency and hematological indices.

Synergistic effect of all-trans-ret inoic acid and arsenic trioxide on growth inhibition and apoptosis in human hepatoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer cells in vitro

AIM： To investigate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid （ATRA） on arsenic trioxide （As2O3）-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer cells in an attempt to find a better combination therapy for solid tumors. METHODS： Human hepatoma cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human lung adenocarcinoma cell line AGZY-83-a were treated with As203 together with ATRA. Cell survival fraction was determined by MTT assay, cell viability and apoptosis were measured by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） and PI staining, and intracellular glutathione （GSH） and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） activities were determined using commercial kits. RESULTS： Cytotoxicity of ATRA was low. ATRA （0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L） could synergistically potentiate As2O3 to exert a dose-dependent inhibition of growth and to induce apoptosis in each of the cell lines. HepG2 and Hep3B with low intracellular GSH or GST activities were remarkably sensitive to As2O3 or As2O3＋ATRA, while AGZY-83-a with higher GSH or GST activities was less sensitive to As2O3 or As2O3＋ATRA. Treatment with 2 μmol/L As2O3 for 72 h significantly decreased intracellular GSH and GST levels in each of the cell lines, and 1 μmol/L ATRA alone reduced minimal intracellular GSH and GST levels. ATRA potentiated the effect of As2O3 on intracellular GSH levels, but intracellular GST levels were not significantly affected by the combination of As2O3 and ATRA for 72 h as compared to As2O3 alone.CONCLUSION： ATRA can strongly potentiate As2O3- induced growth-inhibition and apoptosis in each of the cell lines, and two drugs can produce a significant synergic effect. The sensitivity to As2O3 or As2O3＋ATRA is inversely proportional to intracellular GSH or GST levels in each of the cell lines. The GSH redox system may be the possible mechanism by which ATRA synergistically potentiates As203 to exert a dose-dependent inhibition of growth and to induce apoptosis. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analyzing Industrial Structure Evolution of Old Industrial Cities Using Evolutionary Resilience Theory：A Case Study in Shenyang of China

The recession and revitalization of old industrial cities concerns urban industrial evolution and its characteristics. Based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, we developed an analytical framework for the industrial structure evolution of old industrial cities, and applied the framework to a case study in Shenyang. The following conclusions are drawn. First, since 1978, Shenyang's industrial growth capacity has shown fluctuation between ‘contraction-expansion'. As the secondary industry has a much stronger expansionary and contractionary capacity for growth, this results in lacking stability leading to industrial structure transformation. Second, since 1999, the orientation towards a high-end manufacturing industry in Shenyang has weakened, and the evolution of the new and old growth path is characterized by low-end orientation. Third, since 2007, Shenyang's industrial innovation output capacity has dropped sharply which has been significantly affected by scientific and technological personnel and enterprise-owed science and technology institutions and to a less extent by R&D expenditure. We applied the resilience theory to study the industrial evolution of an old industrial city, explored new study perspectives on industrial evolution and verified the applicability of the resilience theory. This paper provides a scientific reference for understanding the recent deceleration in economic growth in the Northeast old industrial base, and for exploring new paths toward revitalization.

Effects of Trawl Selectivity and Genetic Parameters on Fish Body Length Under Long-Term Trawling

Long-term fishing pressure affects the biological characteristics of exploited fish stocks. The biological characteristics of hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus) in the East China Sea are unable to recover because of long-term trawling. Fishing induces evolutionary effects on the fish's biological characteristics. Evidence of these changes includes small size at age, a shift to earlier age structure, and early maturation. Natural and artificial selection usually affect the fish's life history. Selection can induce different chances of reproduction, and individual fish can give a different genetic contribution to the next generation. In this study, analysis of time-dependent probability of significance and test of sensitivity were used to explore the effects of fish exploitation rate, mesh size, and heritability with long-term trawling. Results showed that fishing parameters were important drivers to exploited fish population. However, genetic traits altered by fishing were slow, and the changes in biological characteristics were weaker than those caused by fishing selection. Exploitation rate and mesh size exhibited similar evolutionary trend tendency under long-term fishing. The time-dependent probability of significance trend showed a gradual growth and tended to be stable. Therefore, the direction of fishing-induced evolution and successful management of fish species require considerable attention to contribute to sustainable fisheries in China.