大曲酵母菌及窖泥生香菌耐酸能力的研究

大曲酵母菌及窖泥生香菌，是浓香型大曲酒酿造过程中的两大主要功能菌。前者是乙醇的主要产生菌，后者则是合成浓香型大曲酒主体香己酸乙酯的重要前驱物———己酸的产生菌。它们的生长、代谢情况直接左右着酒醅的发酵质量及其产品质量的优劣。实践证明，酒醅在发酵过程中...

人工培养接种生香菌酿制曲酒

人工培养接种生香菌酿制曲酒刘丽萍（湖北省襄樊市酿酒厂）前言曲酒生产在我国已有两千多年的历史，生产方法一直沿用固态发酵传统工艺路线，这种固态法生产曲酒，酒质具有独特的曲香味，但生产上存在着工艺难度大，辅料用量大，发酵周期长，厂房面积大，成本高，劳动效率...

出芽短梗霉OF-01菌株的筛选及其在烟草香料中的应用

用废弃烟叶作原料,通过生香菌筛选和致香成分提取,制备了基于微生物发酵处理的衍香香料,将其与烟叶浸膏进行化学成分与感官比较,结果表明:1)从65株生香细菌和17株生香酵母菌中得到纯系生香细菌11株,生香酵母菌2株,通过风格特征评价最终筛选出出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)OF-01菌株,用于烟叶发酵制备衍香香料;2)采用OF-01菌株发酵烟叶,对发酵后的烟叶碎片进行提取、浓缩,制备烟叶衍香香料,与常规烟叶浸膏相比,其所含酸类(586.18%)、醛类(308.12%)、酚类(235.04%)等致香成分增幅明显,其中苯甲醛、3-羟基-2-丁酮、茄那士酮等致香成分含量增加超过1000%;3)OF-01衍香香料具有明显提调烟香、醇和烟气、降低刺激性、掩盖杂气和改善卷烟吸味的效果,且与云产卷烟的配伍性较好,可作为香料在卷烟生产中使用.

Effect of Chitinase-Producing Strain V-8 on Controlling Cotton Fusarium Wilt

[Objective] This study aimed to screen endophytic bacteria which is antag- onistic to cotton Fusarium wilt. [Method] Fresh cotton plants collected from cotton- growing areas in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province were used as experimental materials to isolate endophytic bacteria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-or- ganisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, antagonistic strains to cotton Fusarium wilt were screened. [Result] A total of 83 bacterial isolates were obtained from cotton plants grown in the fields, six of which were chitinase-productive bacte- ria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-organisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, strain V-8 which had the strongest antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was screened. Strain V-8 had a wider anti- fungal spectrum with certain inhibitory effect on all the six important pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; it colonized stably in the rhizospheric soil of cotton, with a colonization density of up to 6.2x10s cfu/g fifty days after inoc- ulation; the relative effect on controlling cotton Fusarium wilt in pot test was 73.2%. The Findings of this study suggested that strain V-8 had great potential for biological control of cotton Fusarium wilt and could be taken as a substantial material for the cloning of chitinase genes. [Conclusion] The results from this study provides bases for the control of cotton fusarium wilt, as well as the exploitation of endophytic bac- teria resources in cotton and the development of novel biological pesticides.

酯化发酵生产浓香型液态曲酒新法研究

本研究利用现代微生物和酶学技术，将泸型酒传统工艺中发掘的生香功能菌配套应用于液态白酒生产，解决了以往一步法白酒生产中存在的酸低、酯低的矛盾。试验酒样经品尝鉴定达到了浓香型曲酒优质酒水平。酯化发酵生产的浓香型曲酒，代表了白酒技术进步的方向。

Effects of Applying Bio-bacterial Fertilizer on Aroma Components of Flue-cured Tobacco

Objective] This research aimed to investigate the effects of bio-bacterial fertilizer on quality of flue-curved tobacco. [Method] The various concentrations of bio-bacterial fertilizer were applied to flue-cured tobacco as leaf fertilizer and base fertilizer respectively. [Result] The effect of bio-bacterial fertilizer on flue-cured tobac-co differed among different treatments. Compared with the control, the bio-bacterial fertilizer significantly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among al the treat-ments, Treatment 3（leaf fertilizer） showed the best treatment effect, and it significant-ly improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Conclusion] The bio-bacterial fertilizer showed significant improving effect on quality of flue-cured tobacco if spayed as leaf fertilizer.

Non-Alcohol Route of Biodiesel Synthesis from Fried Palm Oil using Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase

Synthesis biodiesel using biocatalyst is an emerging and attracting alternative process to replace the conventional process. However, biocatalyst is easy to be deactivated by alcohol, which is a reactant in biodiesel synthesis reaction. Therefore, it is needed to develop new method to maintain the activity and stability of the biocatalyst during reaction. New method to be developed is by changing the reaction route which is using alcohol to the reaction route which is not using alcohol. Route reaction of non alcohol can be done by changing the alkyl alcohol with alkyl acetate. Both have the same function as alkyl supplier during the reaction. In this research, methyl acetate was reacted with triglyceride from fried palm oil using Candida rugosa lipase in batch reactor. The reactants and products were analyzed using HPLC. The effect of operating factors such as enzyme concentration, substrates ratio, operating temperature and addition of inhibitor using free and immobilized enzyme were investigated. The experimental results showed that 89.6% of triglyceride from fried palm oil was converted to its corresponding methyl esters under the condition of 4% wt lipase based on substrate weight, 1/12 mol rasio of oil/methyl acetate after 50 hours reaction using immobilized lipase. Stability test indicated that the activity of the immobilized biocatalyst was still remained after three reaction cycles.

Potential of the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 for Degradation and Transformation of Fluoranthene

Fluoranthene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is possible genotoxic in nature, has been used as an indicator for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-containing pollutants. Microbial degradation is one of the promising methods in removing up PAH-contaminated environments. White-rot fungi have showed the ability to degrade a wide range of PAHs. This study aimed to investigate enzyme production, fungal biomass, and glucose utilization during the biodegradation process of fiuoranthene by a white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 and to identify the metabolites produced in the degradation process. The extracellular ligninolytic enzyme system of the fungi, producing laccases and peroxidases, was directly linked to the biodegradation of fiuoranthene. The production of ligninolytic enzymes during fluoranthene degradation was related to an increase in the biomass of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043. Fluoranthene removal decreased with an increase in fluoranthene concentrations. The highest biomass production of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 （〉 4 400 mg L-1） was found in the 10 mg L-1 fluoranthene culture after 30 d of incubation. Two fluoranthene metabolites, naphthalene-l,8-dicarboxylic acid and phthalic acid, were found in the process of fluoranthene degradation. Laccase was revealed as the major enzyme that played an important role in degradation process. Suitable conditions must be found to promote a successful fungal biotransformation augmentation in liquid culture.

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Myroides sp.

Bacteria of the genus Myroides （Myroides spp.） are rare opportunistic pathogens. Myroides sp. infections have been reported mainly in China. Myroides sp. is highly resistant to most available antibiotics, but the resistance mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Current strain identification methods based on biochemical traits are unable to identify strains accurately at the species level. While 16S ribosomal RNA （rRNA） gene sequencing can accurately achieve this, it fails to give information on the status and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, because the 16S rRNA sequence contains no information on resistance genes, resistance islands or enzymes. We hypothesized that ob- taining the whole genome sequence of Myroides sp., using next generation sequencing methods, would help to clarify the mechanisms of pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, and guide antibiotic selection to treat Myroides sp. infec- tions. As Myroides sp. can survive in hospitals and the environment, there is a risk of nosocomial infections and pandemics. For better management of Myroides sp. infections, it is imperative to apply next generation sequencing technologies to clarify the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these bacteria.

Analysis of endophytic fungi in roots of Santalum album Linn.and its host plant Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent

Santalum album Linn. is an evergreen and hemi-parasitic tree, the heartwood-sandalwood of which was used during a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent. is a good host for 1- or 2-year-old growing S. album. The interaction between S. album and K. rosmarinifolia is still little known. Many studies have been carried out on a number of plants for identification and diversity of endophytes. In this study, in total 25 taxa of endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of S. album and the roots of K. rosmarinifolia. The most frequently isolated genera were Penicillium sp. 1 and Fusarium sp. 1 in the roots of S. album and K. rosmadnifolia, respectively. S. album is a root parasite of K. rosmarinifolia. The interesting result is that they apparently do not share the same endophytic fungi isolates. This study for the first time explored the content of endophytic fungi from S. album and K. rosmarinifolia, which provides important information for further studies.