Objective： To conduct a randomized comparative trial of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity profile treatment with 1200 mg/m^2 gemcitabine using standard 30-min infusion or fixed dose rate （FDR） infusion [10 mg...Objective： To conduct a randomized comparative trial of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity profile treatment with 1200 mg/m^2 gemcitabine using standard 30-min infusion or fixed dose rate （FDR） infusion [10 mg/（m^2-min）] on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin AUC （area under curve） 5 on day 1 in Chinese non-small-cell cancer patients. Twelve patients were enrolled in this study. Methods： Plasma gemcitabine concentrations were measured by ion-pair reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Antitumoral activity and toxicity of gemcitabine was assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. Results： The obtained mean parameters, such as T1/2 （elimination half time）, AUC, and CL （clearance）, were consistent with those reported in literature. Qualified response rate in our study was 33.3% for standard arm and 50% for FDR ann. Additional 50% and 33.3% patients contracted stable disease （SD） in standard arm and FDR arm, respectively. The predominant toxicity was hematologic, and patients in the standard infusion ann experienced consistently more hematologic toxicity, Conclusion： Pharmacokinetic and clinical data in this trial support the continued evaluation of the FDR infusion strategy with gemcitabine.展开更多
The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the ...The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by ag- ricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of ground- water recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05×108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spa- tio-temporal hydroecological modeling.展开更多
Salt-forming regions for a complex salt-water system in non-equilibrium state of evaporation process are usually different from those in solubility diagrams.To understand the solid-forming region of NaCl and improve t...Salt-forming regions for a complex salt-water system in non-equilibrium state of evaporation process are usually different from those in solubility diagrams.To understand the solid-forming region of NaCl and improve the utilization of bittern resources,experiments were carried out to evaporate 20 representative mixture solution samples of Na ^＋,Mg ^2＋ //Cl^-, SO4^2--H2O system with an average evaporation intensity of（1.4±0.4） g·L^-1 ·min^-1（water） at boiling temperature 348 K,and determine the NaCl solid-forming regions in non-equilibrium state.Because of the complexity of salt-forming region,a maximal region and a minimal region were proposed to express the non-equilibrium state salt-forming region with different crystal seed,and a conditional salt-forming region was proposed to present the characteristic region of non-equilibrium salt-forming phase diagram.The areas of the maximal and minimal regions are 2.00 and 1.56 times those in solubility diagram,so it is possible to utilize bittern resources in high efficiency.The recovery rates of NaCl were 99.65%,93.14%,88.57%,72.76%,and 83.68%for six typical bittern sources from Tulantai Salt Lake（China）,Dongtai Salt Lake（China） ,Jilantai Salt Lake（China）,Qarun Salt Lake（Egypt） and seawater,respectively.It is testified that the non-equilibrium state salt-forming phase diagram can be used in industrial processes.展开更多
This study applied a multivariate model based on three simulated sensors to estimating water quality variables in Shitoukoumen Reservoir,Changchun City,Jilin Province,China,including concentration of total suspended m...This study applied a multivariate model based on three simulated sensors to estimating water quality variables in Shitoukoumen Reservoir,Changchun City,Jilin Province,China,including concentration of total suspended matter,concentration of chlorophyll-a and non-pigment matter absorption.Two field campaigns for spectra measurements with a total of 40 samples were carried out on June 13 and September 23,2008.The in-situ spectra were recalculated to the spectral bands and sensitivities of the instruments applied in this paper,i.e.Landsat TM,Alos and P6,by using the average method.And the recalculated spectra were used for estimating water quality variables by the single model and multivariate model.The results show that the multivariate model is superior to the single model as the multivariate model takes the combined effects of water components into consideration and can estimate water quality variables simultaneously.According to R2 and RMSE,Alos is superior to other sensors for water quality variables estimation although the precision of non-pigment matter absorption inversion performed the second.展开更多
Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The...Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The contradiction between population, industry and land urbanization is especially prominent here, and its coupling development is of great practical significance. In this paper, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is measured by coupling mode. The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is analyzed by trend surface analysis and global and local spatial autocorrelation. The influence factors and their spatial differentiation are discussed using multiple linear regression(MLR) model and geographic weighted regression(GWR) model. The results show that: 1) the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province is at a low level. Judging from the change of time scale, the urbanization of most research units is becoming more and more coordinated. From the comparison of spatial scales, there is significant spatial difference in the research units of different administrative levels. 2) Judging from the global change trend, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in the central region is higher than that in western and eastern regions. The coordination of urbanization in the central region is relatively good, and the distribution of the cold and hot spots is basically the same as that overall. 3) The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is related to the cold and hot spot distribution of the influence coefficient of urban population density and per capita urban construction land. The variation of the coupling degree spatial pattern is synchronous with the spatial change of the urban population density influence coefficient. 4) The degree of agglomeration of the urban population is the main factor promoting the coupling pattern of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province, and the extent of its influence is gradually increasing. In addition, the level of city administrative, the efficiency of urban expansion and the capacity of market consumption also have an important influence on the coupling pattern.展开更多
Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In th...Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis shows that the soluble salt content,Fulvic acids(FA) and aggregation degree have a high weighing coefficient,indicating these three indexes are the major parts for the evaluation of black soil degradation.It also provides a new path to the degenerated black soil treatment in Northeast China.展开更多
In order to overcome the problem that the leaf yellowing stage in tobacco curing reduces the fragrance of the product, this study introduced the principle and key parameters of a three-stage six-step curing technology...In order to overcome the problem that the leaf yellowing stage in tobacco curing reduces the fragrance of the product, this study introduced the principle and key parameters of a three-stage six-step curing technology. The field trail was conducted in Wulong county of Chongqing city in 2010, and Virginia K326 was the tested cultivar. The middle leaves were harvested and plaited after maturity, and then cured with the three-stage six-step curing technology and traditional three-stage curing technology, respectively. Three replicates were established for each of the two curing technologies. Then, chemical constituents, aromatic substances and smoking quality were analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional three-stage curing technology, the three-stage six-step curing technology produces more suitable ratios of chemical constituents, higher aromatic component content and higher smoking quality grade of tobacco leaves. Therefore, the continuous improvement of corollary equipment and matching technologies is expected to widen the applications of the three-stage six-step curing technology in tobacco and provide a strong technical support for the development of the tobacco industry.展开更多
In 1329-1334, George the Brilliant took advantage of the situation created in the llkhanate, eliminated his political opponents and restored the territorial integrity of Georgia. He created a solid legal basis for the...In 1329-1334, George the Brilliant took advantage of the situation created in the llkhanate, eliminated his political opponents and restored the territorial integrity of Georgia. He created a solid legal basis for the country and regulated the ecclesiastic area. He was in West Georgia in 1329-1332/1333. The llkhanid coin was not minted in Georgia during that period; yet, soon the king of Georgia, which had already been united by that time, restored relations with llkhanids and returned to Tbilisi, which implied making the already united Georgia subject to Mongols. Ilkhanid coins and later, coins of Chobanids, the Golden Horde and Jalayirids circulated during the reign of George the Brdhant. In 1338-1339 George the Brilliant conquered Ossetia and Ilkhanid coins were disseminated on the territory of the Golden Horde after that. Formally, Georgia remained under the control of Ilkhanids, which was replaced by Chobanids in 1338 and the governors of the Golden Horde in 757/1356; and in parallel and afterwards by Jalayirids, which is evidenced by written sources as well as numismatic data; Despite formal dependence on the foreign power, which is evidenced by the deployment of 10,000 troops at the border of Georgia as well, the country enjoyed a rather wide internal autonomy. Participation of George the Brilliant in sending envoys for the purpose of the redemption of the Jvari （Cross） Monastery in Palestine in 1316/7, 1320 cannot be assumed. It seems that in those years envoys were sent by Constantine, the king of West Georgia. All the above do not diminish the merits of George V to the Georgian nation and his historic role in terms of the political unification of the country, the creation of a legal basis for it and the regulation of ecclesiastic affairs--the accomplishments of the king, who deservedly bears the name ＂the Brilliant＂.展开更多
Xintian polymetallie deposit is a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Mo deposit. Analysis on Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite from this deposit is undertaken to determine metallogenic epoch and dynamics setting of the...Xintian polymetallie deposit is a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Mo deposit. Analysis on Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite from this deposit is undertaken to determine metallogenic epoch and dynamics setting of the deposit. Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite yields model ages ranging from 123.9 ± 1.9 Ma to 124.7 ± 1.8 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 123.4 ±0.81 Ma, and an isochron age of 127 ± 16 Ma, MSWD = 0.25, indicating that the metallization was at late Yanshanian. The content of Re in molybdenite is （330.1 ±4.0-367.9 ± 3.1 ） xl0^-6, which demonstrates mantle derived metallogenic sources. Integrating the region-al tectonic evolution and the metallogenic characteristics of other contemporaneous Cu-Mo deposits in the re-gion, it is suggested that the Cu-Mo mineralization of this deposit occurred in an active epieontinental environ-ment under lithospheric extension resulted from the subduction of the Izanagi plate to the Paleo-Asia continental margin at late Yanshanian. The Mantle wedge was partially melted with large amount of metallogenic elements dissolved in it. Under the favorable conditions of crust-mantle interaction, large-scale magmatic activity turns out to be the important mechanism of the mineralization of many Cu-Mo deposits in the Xiaoxingan Range-Zhangguangcai Mountain metallogenic belt, including the Xintian Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit.展开更多
基金Project (No.2004A028) supported by the Medical Science Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘Objective： To conduct a randomized comparative trial of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity profile treatment with 1200 mg/m^2 gemcitabine using standard 30-min infusion or fixed dose rate （FDR） infusion [10 mg/（m^2-min）] on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin AUC （area under curve） 5 on day 1 in Chinese non-small-cell cancer patients. Twelve patients were enrolled in this study. Methods： Plasma gemcitabine concentrations were measured by ion-pair reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Antitumoral activity and toxicity of gemcitabine was assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. Results： The obtained mean parameters, such as T1/2 （elimination half time）, AUC, and CL （clearance）, were consistent with those reported in literature. Qualified response rate in our study was 33.3% for standard arm and 50% for FDR ann. Additional 50% and 33.3% patients contracted stable disease （SD） in standard arm and FDR arm, respectively. The predominant toxicity was hematologic, and patients in the standard infusion ann experienced consistently more hematologic toxicity, Conclusion： Pharmacokinetic and clinical data in this trial support the continued evaluation of the FDR infusion strategy with gemcitabine.
文摘The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by ag- ricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of ground- water recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05×108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spa- tio-temporal hydroecological modeling.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20776110） the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin（06YFJMJC04100）
文摘Salt-forming regions for a complex salt-water system in non-equilibrium state of evaporation process are usually different from those in solubility diagrams.To understand the solid-forming region of NaCl and improve the utilization of bittern resources,experiments were carried out to evaporate 20 representative mixture solution samples of Na ^＋,Mg ^2＋ //Cl^-, SO4^2--H2O system with an average evaporation intensity of（1.4±0.4） g·L^-1 ·min^-1（water） at boiling temperature 348 K,and determine the NaCl solid-forming regions in non-equilibrium state.Because of the complexity of salt-forming region,a maximal region and a minimal region were proposed to express the non-equilibrium state salt-forming region with different crystal seed,and a conditional salt-forming region was proposed to present the characteristic region of non-equilibrium salt-forming phase diagram.The areas of the maximal and minimal regions are 2.00 and 1.56 times those in solubility diagram,so it is possible to utilize bittern resources in high efficiency.The recovery rates of NaCl were 99.65%,93.14%,88.57%,72.76%,and 83.68%for six typical bittern sources from Tulantai Salt Lake（China）,Dongtai Salt Lake（China） ,Jilantai Salt Lake（China）,Qarun Salt Lake（Egypt） and seawater,respectively.It is testified that the non-equilibrium state salt-forming phase diagram can be used in industrial processes.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-340,KZCX2-YW-341)Key Project of Jilin Province Scientific and Technological Development Program (No. 20080425)
文摘This study applied a multivariate model based on three simulated sensors to estimating water quality variables in Shitoukoumen Reservoir,Changchun City,Jilin Province,China,including concentration of total suspended matter,concentration of chlorophyll-a and non-pigment matter absorption.Two field campaigns for spectra measurements with a total of 40 samples were carried out on June 13 and September 23,2008.The in-situ spectra were recalculated to the spectral bands and sensitivities of the instruments applied in this paper,i.e.Landsat TM,Alos and P6,by using the average method.And the recalculated spectra were used for estimating water quality variables by the single model and multivariate model.The results show that the multivariate model is superior to the single model as the multivariate model takes the combined effects of water components into consideration and can estimate water quality variables simultaneously.According to R2 and RMSE,Alos is superior to other sensors for water quality variables estimation although the precision of non-pigment matter absorption inversion performed the second.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771172,41001099)
文摘Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The contradiction between population, industry and land urbanization is especially prominent here, and its coupling development is of great practical significance. In this paper, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is measured by coupling mode. The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is analyzed by trend surface analysis and global and local spatial autocorrelation. The influence factors and their spatial differentiation are discussed using multiple linear regression(MLR) model and geographic weighted regression(GWR) model. The results show that: 1) the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province is at a low level. Judging from the change of time scale, the urbanization of most research units is becoming more and more coordinated. From the comparison of spatial scales, there is significant spatial difference in the research units of different administrative levels. 2) Judging from the global change trend, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in the central region is higher than that in western and eastern regions. The coordination of urbanization in the central region is relatively good, and the distribution of the cold and hot spots is basically the same as that overall. 3) The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is related to the cold and hot spot distribution of the influence coefficient of urban population density and per capita urban construction land. The variation of the coupling degree spatial pattern is synchronous with the spatial change of the urban population density influence coefficient. 4) The degree of agglomeration of the urban population is the main factor promoting the coupling pattern of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province, and the extent of its influence is gradually increasing. In addition, the level of city administrative, the efficiency of urban expansion and the capacity of market consumption also have an important influence on the coupling pattern.
基金Supported by College Students Innovation Experiment Plan of Jilin University(No.2009A63066)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.406721800)the International Cooperation Projects of National Natural Science Funds(No.40911120044)
文摘Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis shows that the soluble salt content,Fulvic acids(FA) and aggregation degree have a high weighing coefficient,indicating these three indexes are the major parts for the evaluation of black soil degradation.It also provides a new path to the degenerated black soil treatment in Northeast China.
文摘In order to overcome the problem that the leaf yellowing stage in tobacco curing reduces the fragrance of the product, this study introduced the principle and key parameters of a three-stage six-step curing technology. The field trail was conducted in Wulong county of Chongqing city in 2010, and Virginia K326 was the tested cultivar. The middle leaves were harvested and plaited after maturity, and then cured with the three-stage six-step curing technology and traditional three-stage curing technology, respectively. Three replicates were established for each of the two curing technologies. Then, chemical constituents, aromatic substances and smoking quality were analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional three-stage curing technology, the three-stage six-step curing technology produces more suitable ratios of chemical constituents, higher aromatic component content and higher smoking quality grade of tobacco leaves. Therefore, the continuous improvement of corollary equipment and matching technologies is expected to widen the applications of the three-stage six-step curing technology in tobacco and provide a strong technical support for the development of the tobacco industry.
文摘In 1329-1334, George the Brilliant took advantage of the situation created in the llkhanate, eliminated his political opponents and restored the territorial integrity of Georgia. He created a solid legal basis for the country and regulated the ecclesiastic area. He was in West Georgia in 1329-1332/1333. The llkhanid coin was not minted in Georgia during that period; yet, soon the king of Georgia, which had already been united by that time, restored relations with llkhanids and returned to Tbilisi, which implied making the already united Georgia subject to Mongols. Ilkhanid coins and later, coins of Chobanids, the Golden Horde and Jalayirids circulated during the reign of George the Brdhant. In 1338-1339 George the Brilliant conquered Ossetia and Ilkhanid coins were disseminated on the territory of the Golden Horde after that. Formally, Georgia remained under the control of Ilkhanids, which was replaced by Chobanids in 1338 and the governors of the Golden Horde in 757/1356; and in parallel and afterwards by Jalayirids, which is evidenced by written sources as well as numismatic data; Despite formal dependence on the foreign power, which is evidenced by the deployment of 10,000 troops at the border of Georgia as well, the country enjoyed a rather wide internal autonomy. Participation of George the Brilliant in sending envoys for the purpose of the redemption of the Jvari （Cross） Monastery in Palestine in 1316/7, 1320 cannot be assumed. It seems that in those years envoys were sent by Constantine, the king of West Georgia. All the above do not diminish the merits of George V to the Georgian nation and his historic role in terms of the political unification of the country, the creation of a legal basis for it and the regulation of ecclesiastic affairs--the accomplishments of the king, who deservedly bears the name ＂the Brilliant＂.
基金Supported by Project of China Geological Survey(No.12120113098300)
文摘Xintian polymetallie deposit is a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Mo deposit. Analysis on Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite from this deposit is undertaken to determine metallogenic epoch and dynamics setting of the deposit. Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenite yields model ages ranging from 123.9 ± 1.9 Ma to 124.7 ± 1.8 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 123.4 ±0.81 Ma, and an isochron age of 127 ± 16 Ma, MSWD = 0.25, indicating that the metallization was at late Yanshanian. The content of Re in molybdenite is （330.1 ±4.0-367.9 ± 3.1 ） xl0^-6, which demonstrates mantle derived metallogenic sources. Integrating the region-al tectonic evolution and the metallogenic characteristics of other contemporaneous Cu-Mo deposits in the re-gion, it is suggested that the Cu-Mo mineralization of this deposit occurred in an active epieontinental environ-ment under lithospheric extension resulted from the subduction of the Izanagi plate to the Paleo-Asia continental margin at late Yanshanian. The Mantle wedge was partially melted with large amount of metallogenic elements dissolved in it. Under the favorable conditions of crust-mantle interaction, large-scale magmatic activity turns out to be the important mechanism of the mineralization of many Cu-Mo deposits in the Xiaoxingan Range-Zhangguangcai Mountain metallogenic belt, including the Xintian Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit.
