唐肃、代、德宗朝商业政策干预模式之转换

肃、代、德宗之际是唐后期商业政策用商型干预模式的形成、确立时期。于安史之乱爆发后的财政危机之中,利用商利来维持国家财政是唐政府调整商业政策的根本动机。唐政府优先发展官营商业,引商人、商人经营方式入官营商业领域,并借助商品经济的自然法则及价值规律改进官营商业运作模式。唐政府对非官营商业,则以开征商税、苛征与掠夺等方式,变商利与商人财富为我所用。据此,单一农业型财政被农商混合型财政所取代,商业成为唐政府经济的重要支撑力量。

Methods of vendor managed inventory control in supply chain management

By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.

CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation of Fluid Flow in Pre-distributor

Liquid distributor is a very import intemal for distillation columns. Pre-distributor is usually set on the top of distributor for initial distribution. Fluid flow in pre-distributor is a complex system of variable mass flow with many orifices and sub-branches. Consequently, the two phase modeling of pre-distributors was carried out andthe homogeneous model with free surface model was applied. The numerical method was validated by comparing with experimental data. Using the simulated results for different pre-distributors, the impacts of inflow rate, location and orientation uoon the outflow distribution were investigated. Furthermore, influences of the outflow distribution for pre-distributor on liquid uniformity in trough were also analyzed, The conclusions can De aaoptea for me structural design of liquid distributor and pre-distributor of large scale.

Comparison on Commercial Application of Two Types of C_8 Aromatics Isomerization Catalysts

The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.

An approach for QoS measurement and web service selection sureness

Web services have gained popularity m recent years anu prowue a new moue, u~ w^u, w,,,~,, ,^- cilitates interaction of scientific and business applications through the Internet. More often, several services with similar functionality are available from a large and changing number of service provid- ers. Quality of Service （QoS） is the dominant factor in service selection and is of great importance to users. In this paper, we propose a model for QoS measurement and web services selection. The model consists of QoS model, QoS monitoring, QoS comparison and service selection with a QoS feedback mechanism. The most suitable service is to take into account the agreed QoS, monitoring is done during invocation phase and if any deviation is recorded, next suitable service is selected. Fi- nally the model is proved to be feasible and effective by simulation experiments.

Motivations of Individuals Participating in Social Media： A Cultural Perspective

Social media is an information technology that allows users to communicate and share information. With steadily rising number of users across the globe, individuals participate in various activities, like connecting with friends and community members, sharing information, posting political messages, disaster recovery activities, reading daily news, learning, and entertainment, each driven by different sets of motivations. Culture has an influence on the kind of motivation―pro-social and personal needs oriented―that drives social media usage by individuals. Using Hofstede’s （1984b） cultural dimensions, the paper suggests that each of the dimensions will have influences on the social media behaviors differently. Such a cultural perspective helps future social media users to plan the kind of activity and information sharing based on the kind of motivation driving the target audience and the platform providers to design and market accordingly.

Empirical Analysis on Continuous Improvement of Mobile Content Services＇ Effects on Continuance Use Intention

With the development of intelligent terminals and mobile applications,the influence of continuous improvement on mobile content services to the continuance use intention is more and more significant.Based on the expectation-confirmation theory and information system continuance use theory,this paper proposes a mobile content continuance use model and puts forward related assumptions under the mobile commerce environment by introducing the continuous improvement variables.Questionnaire data are collected from 219 mobile content service users for research,and the hypothetical model is validated by the structural equation modeling.Results show that the information system continuance use model is still valid under the mobile commerce environment,and the continuous improvement on mobile content services have positive impacts on user's expectations after they have experienced certain mobile content services.

Creative Industrial Cluster： Three- Stage Development and the Case of Beijing＇s 798 Art District

This paper presents a three-stage hypothesis on the development of creative industrial clusters, which includes stages of agglomeration, interfacing, and network development. In the first stage, micro-entities concentrate geographically in a creative industrial cluster in search of resources. The second stage reflects the need for building identity. Finally, the third stage is the outcome of multi-dimensional expansion. As a creative industrial cluster develops, its focus moves from geographic concentration to division of labor and the creation of novel systems. Using this three-stage framework, this paper conducts an empirical study on Beijing＇s 798 District （＂798＂）. Our study finds that the ＂self-destruction ＂phenomenon （which appeared after 798 had reached the stage of network development in a low-level capacity） is essentially the product of a squeezing effect of commercial prosperity on art production. Our study further examines four models of art-commerce integration and explains the ways in which creative industrial clusters are different from conventional industrial clusters： a creative cluster is a platform of integration for culture, commerce, and technology. Its course of development is characterized by novelty, emergence of identity through interfacing, and network cooperation.

Trade Credit in the Crisis： Selling or Financing？

The work investigates the use of trade credit in Italy for reasons of a financial nature. The analysis considers Italian small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） and investigates, over the years of 2009-2011： the existence of functional relationships between the incidence of trade receivables and payables and corporate profitability; the existence of interdependencies between trade credit policy and trade debt policy; and the coexistence of interchangeable and complementary conditions between trade debts and bank loans and other sources of funding. To verify the research hypotheses, linear regression models on a yearly basis are used and these models are put under observation over the years of 2009-2011. We can conclude that there are interdependencies between trade credit policy and trade debt policy and that trade credit is a source of flexible way of financing, also available in periods of crisis, which has a positive effect on the profitability of SMEs and can be utilized as a complementary and substitute source of financing to bank loans.

Applications of Orlicz-Hardy spaces associated with operators satisfying Poisson estimates

Let L be a linear operator in L^2（R^n） and generate an analytic semigroup {e^-tL}t≥0 with kernel satisfying an upper bound estimate of Poisson type, whose decay is measured by θ（L） ∈ （0, ∞）. Let 4） be a positive, continuous and strictly increasing function on （0, ∞）, which is of strictly critical lower type pФ （n/（n ＋ θ（L））, 1]. Denote by HФ, L（R^n） the Orlicz-Hardy space introduced in Jiang, Yang and Zhou＇s paper in 2009. If Ф is additionally of upper type 1 and subadditive, the authors then show that the Littlewood-Paley g-function gL maps HФ, L（R^n） continuously into LФ（R^n） and, moreover, the authors characterize HФ, L（R^n） in terms of the Littlewood-Paley gλ^＊-function with λ ∈ （n（2/pФ ＋ 1）, ∞）. If Ф is further slightly strengthened to be concave, the authors show that a generalized Riesz transform associated with L is bounded from HФ, L（R^n） to the Orlicz space L^Ф（R^n） or the Orlicz-Hardy space HФ （R^n）; moreover, the authors establish a new subtle molecular characterization of HФ, L （R^n） associated with L and, as applications, the authors then show that the corresponding fractional integral L^-γ for certain γ∈ E （0,∞） maps HФ, L（R^n） continuously into HФ, L（R^n）, where Ф satisfies the same properties as Ф and is determined by Ф and λ and also that L has a bounded holomorphic functional calculus in HФ, L（R^n）. All these results are new even when Ф（t） = t^p for all t ∈ （0, ∞） and p ∈ （n/（n ＋ θ（L））, 1].