浙江省的新构造运动与农用地分布规律

从地貌和沉积物分析，浙江省新构造运动表现为西南强烈上升，往东北上渐减，至杭州湾两岸转为下沉，此外西北山区上升，海岸带下沉，一些构造盆地内相对下沉，这些情况与莫霍面等深线图的反映十分符合，说明新构造运动的动力来自地壳深层。不同新构造运动性质的区域内，农用地面积比率、农用地内的结构特征明显不同；各地耕地占总面积的百分比，在大河各河段、滨海各岸段、不同位置的海岛、不同盆地的所在区，均是有规律的变化，也都反映了新构造运动的作用。新构造运动还使地表水土流失与农业经济发展的地理分布很有规律。这些都说明作为地球内力重要部分的新构造运动，能强烈影响地表的生态环境。

公安县农村居民点用地分布影响因子评价--基于GWR的空间异质性分析

以湖北省公安县为研究区域,采取地理加权回归模型(GWR)以及构建综合影响分析模型,借助Arc GIS10.0空间分析功能,选取影响农村居民点用地分布的地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区作为地理影响因子,分析每类因子影响下的公安县农村居民点用地空间异质性,以及各类因子对用地分布的综合影响程度。结果表明:1地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区等地理因子深刻影响公安县农村居民点用地分布;2从地理因子的综合影响来看,公安县农村居民点用地可划分为极度影响、重度影响、中度影响、低度影响、较弱影响5种类型区;3未来农村居民点的用地整理与居民点布局的调整需要充分考虑各类地理因子的影响及其综合作用,促进农村居民点用地的集约、节约利用。

基于ESDA的广东省城镇建设用地空间分布模式分析

城镇建设用地是承载人们生产、生活以及非农产业活动的主要空间载体,研究城镇建设用地空间分布模式,能揭示城镇建设用地的空间演变规律,对全面认识城镇建设用地未来的发展具有十分重要的现实意义。以广东省县域单元为研究对象,将ESDA与GIS技术相结合,对城镇建设用地的空间分布模式进行了分析。结果表明:广东省城镇建设用地大致呈"中心—外围"空间分布模式,整体上存在显著的空间集聚现象;局部具有较强的空间正相关关系,珠江三角洲核心区域形成显著HH关联模式,粤北山区东部和西部保持显著LL关联模式;自然、社会经济和政策等是影响广东省城镇建设用地空间分布的主要因素。研究结果可为城镇建设用地合理布局提供参考。

基于多尺度的南京市城市用地分布空间决定因素

影响城市用地分布的因素目前尚无定论,在多种空间尺度上比较分析城市用地分布空间决定因素对于应对城市蔓延问题有一定现实意义。分析南京市2004~2016年城市用地扩张特征,继而在100 m×100 m、200 m×200 m、300 m×300 m、400 m×400 m、500 m×500 m 5个尺度上,比较分析城市用地分布潜在的空间决定因素。研究结果表明:2004~2016年间,南京市城市扩张速度和强度以2013年为界,呈先强势增长后缓慢扩张的态势;在选择的23个空间决定因素中,13个因素在多数尺度上通过了模型检验。其中,道路密度、GDP密度、公司工厂、生活服务设施对南京市城市用地分布的影响较大;其他决定因素对城市用地分布的影响程度表现出一定的尺度效应,在500 m×500 m较大尺度上,超市商场、汽车站、医疗则对城市用地分布的影响更大;而在100 m×100 m更精细尺度上,银行、学校、汽车站、超市商场对城市用地的分布有较大影响。研究结果可为城市规划及用地调控提供决策支持建议。

城市空间集聚性与居民生活碳排放相关性探索——基于全国110个城市数据的分析

城市空间与居民生活碳排放之间存在紧密关系,已有文献较多通过密度、开发强度等指标探讨城市空间对碳排放的影响,但有关城市空间集聚性与居民生活碳排放关系的实证研究并不充分,空间集聚的城市是否低碳仍存在争议。基于全国110个大城市和中等城市的样本数据,通过城市形态结构、各类用地分布和社会经济要素3个层面12项指标表征城市空间的集聚特征,并对这些变量如何影响人均、地均碳排放量进行实证分析。研究发现:建设用地理查德森指数、网格分维数等形态结构集聚性指标与居民生活碳排放强度显著正相关;居住用地莫兰指数、商业服务业设施用地莫兰指数等用地分布集聚性指标与居民生活碳排放强度亦显著正相关;人口密度、住宅容积率等要素集聚性指标与居民生活碳排放强度显著负相关。因此,向心聚集、向内填充的城市形态结构及居住、商业等单类用地性质在空间上的集聚分布不利于城市低碳化发展,疏解过度密集的城市中心、强化绿色开敞空间的丰富度,适度加强人口、住宅、产业等社会经济要素在空间中的高效集聚,具有显著的城市减碳控碳效应。

Subtree, TASS and an Analysis of the Genus Caragana

Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the paralogy node and determine the informative subtree. The area relationships are generally illustrated in several subtrees and the consensus tree. The distribution pattern of the genus Caragana comprising about 72 species and occurring in 13 areas, was analyzed by using subtree method and TASS procedure in this study. The results showed seven subtrees representing the area relationships of section and series of the genus, and the consensus tree provided the 13 area relationships. These results are congruent with our former result using component analysis for Caragana.

Experimental analysis and application of sparsity constrained deconvolution

Sparsity constrained deconvolution can improve the resolution of band-limited seismic data compared to conventional deconvolution. However, such deconvolution methods result in nonunique solutions and suppress weak reflections. The Cauchy function, modified Cauchy function, and Huber function are commonly used constraint criteria in sparse deconvolution. We used numerical experiments to analyze the ability of sparsity constrained deconvolution to restore reflectivity sequences and protect weak reflections under different constraint criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of sparsity constrained deconvolution depends on the agreement between the constraint criteria and the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences; furthermore, the modified Cauchy- constrained criterion protects the weak reflections better than the other criteria. Based on the model experiments, the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences of carbonate and clastic formations is statistically analyzed by using well-logging data and then the modified Cauchy-constrained deconvolution is applied to real seismic data much improving the resolution.

英国三代新城市郊铁路车站周边功能分布与用地置换研究——以哈罗、坎伯诺尔德、米尔顿凯恩斯为例

市郊铁路是连接市区与郊区的轨道交通,除了自身的运输功能外,市郊铁路还有优化城市结构的作用。市郊铁路的建设,已成为各大城市调整产业结构、引导卫星城镇发展、疏解中心城区人口、实现经济可持续发展的重要手段。市郊铁路车站周边的功能布置与规划均与城市轨道交通车站有所不同。本文以英国三代新城哈罗、坎伯诺尔德、米尔顿凯恩斯为例,分析三代新城市郊铁路车站周边用地功能分布与置换过程,并进行对比研究,总结出不同规划理念下的新城市郊铁路车站周边布局特点及其对城市发展的作用与影响。

Spatio-temporal Variations of Evapotranspiration in Anhui Province Based on MOD16 Products

Based on the MOD16 remote sensing product provided by NASA, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed statistically with the support of ENVI remote sensing image processing system and ARCGIS .geographic information system. The results showed that： （1） The annual average ET in Anhui Province was 694.9 mm from 2000 to 2014, less than half of PET, indicating that Anhui Province as a whole was in dry climate and water shortage, particularly significant in 2011-2014, with the maximum value of 730.6 mm occurring in 2003, and the minimum value of 647.6 mm occurring in 2011. The monthly average ET and PET showed a single peak distribution pattern, ET peak appearing in August, and PET peak appearing in May. （2） Linear regression analysis of ET and PET showed that there was a signif- icant decrease trend in ET in Anhui Province from October to March of the following year, and in addition, there was also a decreasing trend in the summer from June to July, but PET for the whole year demonstrated an increasing trend. The change trends of both illustrated that drought in Anhui Province was becoming more and more serious. （3） The spatial distribution of ET and PET showed that Anhui Province had obvious characteristics of high in south and low in north, and the north had large yearly and monthly changes, while the south had relatively stable changes. （4） The evapotranspiration of different land use types showed different an- nual and monthly variation characteristics, and the overall expression of annual evapotranspiration was in the order of forest 〉 grassland 〉 farmland. In terms of the monthly change, monthly evapotranspiration was manifested as winter grassland larger than the forest, forest evapotranspiration gradually exceeding the grass, and the evapotranspiration gap among the three widening continuously until the peak appearing in July or August. Due to the seasonality of crop plantation and under the common action of temperature, precipitation and other sensitive factors, the monthly evapotranspiration of forest and grassland was of single peak distribution with the maximum appearing in July, and the monthly evapotranspiration of farmland showed double peak distribution, appearing respectively in May and August, the former being weaker than the latter in strength

Spatial Disparity of Slope Farmland and Food Security in Three Gorges Area

As an important measure of eco-environmental construction, the process ofde-farming in slope farmland is being undertakengradually in the whole China. Meanwhile, theproblem of reducing in food yield in de-farming areas can not be neglected any more. It is especially the case in areas with concentrated slope farmland andinconvenient transportation. In this paper, we analyze the causes of hidden troubles in food security, and the spatial relationship between farmland and slopefarmland in the reservoir area of Three Gorges, and unveil the spatial disparity of contradictions between food supply and demand. Finally, combining the accessibility of areas, three different spatial types offood security, food security area, food alert area, and food crisis area, are divided.

he adaptive chirplet transform and its application in GPR target detection

GPR has become an important geophysical method in UXO and landmine detection, for it can detect both metal and non-metallic targets. However, it is difficult to remove the strong clutters from surface-layer reflection and soil due to the low signal to noise ratio of GPR data. In this paper, we use the adaptive chirplet transform to reject these clutters based on their character and then pick up the signal from the UXO by the transform based on the Radon-Wigner distribution. The results from the processing show that the clutter can be rejected effectively and the target response can be measured with high SNR.

Vertical Distribution and Seasonal Fluctuation of Nematode Trophic Groups as Affected by Land Use

A field investigation was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in an aquic brown soil of Northeast China under three land use types (cropland, abandoned cropland, and woodland) in order to evaluate whether the vertical distribution and seasonal fluctuation for the number of total nematodes and trophic groups could reflect soil ecosystem differences and to determine the relationships between soil chemical properties and soil nematodes. The majority of soil nematodes were present in the 0-20 cm soil layers, and for these land use types plant parasites were the most abundant trophic group. In the abandoned cropland the numbers of plant parasites reached a peak on the August sampling date, whereas the cropland and woodland peaked on the October sampling date. Meanwhile, in all land use types the number of total nematodes, bacterivores, plant parasites, and omnivores-predators was negatively (P < 0.05, except for bacterivores in cropland, which was not significant) correlated with bulk density, and positively (P < 0.05, except for fungivores in abandoned cropland, which was not significant) correlated with total organic carbon and total nitrogen.

Geospatial Mapping of Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen Distribution Under a Mixed-Land Use System

Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO3-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and hybrid geostatistical methods to map the spatial distribution of soil NO3-N across a landscape in northeast Florida. Soil samples were collected from four depth increments （0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and 120-180 cm） from 147 sampling locations identified using a stratified random and nested sampling design based on soil, land use and elevation strata. Soil NO3-N distributions in the top two layers were spatially autocorrelated and mapped using lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation models for NO3-N prediction were derived using linear and non-linear regression methods, and employed to develop NO3-N trend maps. Land use and its related variables derived from satellite imagery were identified as important variables to predict NO3-N using environmental correlation models. While lognormal kriging produced smoothly varying maps, trend maps derived from environmental correlation models generated spatially heterogeneous maps. Trend maps were combined with ordinary kriging predictions of trend model residuals to develop regression kriging prediction maps, which gave the best NO3-N predictions. As land use and remotely sensed data are readily available and have much finer spatial resolution compared to field sampled soils, our findings suggested the efficacy of environmental correlation models based on land use and remotely sensed data for landscape scale mapping of soil NO3-N. The methodologies implemented are transferable for mapping of soil NO3-N in other landscapes.

A Preliminary Study on The Medicinal Plants of Euphorbia in Gansu Province

Seventeen species and two varieties of Euphorbia,including one new variety,were found inGansu Province.They belong to three sections,viz.Sect.Anisophyllum:Euphorbia bumifusaWilld.;Sect.Petaloma:E.marginata Pursh;Sect.Tithymalus:E.micractina Boiss.,E.wangiiOudejans,E.heishuiensis W.T.Wang,E.hylonoma Hand.-Mzt.,E.ekinensis

Application of Developed Grid-GA Distributed Hydrologic Model in Semi-Humid and Semi-Arid Basin

A grid and Green-Ampt based （Grid-GA）distributed hydrologic physical model was developed for flood simulation and forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid basin. Based on topographical information of each grid cell extracted fi＇om the digital elevation model （DEM） and Green-Ampt infiltration method, the Grid-GA model takes into consideration the redistribution of water content, and consists of vegetation and root interception, evapotranspiration, runoff generation via the excess infiltration mechanism, runoff concentration, and flow routing. The downslope redis- tribution of soil moisture is explicitly calculated on a grid basis, and water exchange among grids within runoff routing along the river drainage networks is taken into consideration. The proposed model and Xin＇anjiang model were ap- plied to the upper Lushi basin in the Luohe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 4 716 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that both models perform well in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid region.

Effects of Wetland Utilization Change on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nematodes in Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.

Role of Buffalo in International Trade

The study analyzed the foreign trade performance of buffalo products using several indicators. These are the foreign trade structure by product and by Geographic distribution, time trend, instability, the free on board or freight on board （FOB） price ratio of buffalo to cattle revealed comparative advantage of tradable buffalo products. Thailand has the highest buffalo exports of live animals and hides. India exports the highest share of buffalo meat. Buffalo dairy products exports are rare due to lack of expanded dairy processing industries of buffalo milk and lacking of awareness towards the buffalo milk quality, which limits the demand for buffalo dairy products and shortage in supply beyond the domestic consumption. While buffalo stock all over the world represents 12% of the world bovine stock, its share in buffalo exports of meat is around 27% of the world bovine exports measured in tons in 2007. Such share shrinkages to 13.2% when measured in dollars. This shrinkage is due to lower prices of buffalo products than cattle products. The ratio of annual average ＂FOB price＂ of buffalo meat to bovine price was about one-half and for hides was about 40%, and for live buffalo was 14%. Reasons of the apparent lower FOB price of buffalo Exported Products than cattle are the low carcass weight of buffalo exported mainly for processing, low quality and limited demand for buffalo hides, and commonly, exporting live buffalo as weaned calves. Expansion in exports of buffalo products requires expansion in supply, through the potentiality of higher productivity, rather than stock size, to reach in balance with available feeds.

Numerical Analysis of the Interaction between Shallow （Square, Circular and Strip） Foundations and Subsoil

In this paper, the effects of the stiffness of circular, square and strip foundation structures and bonding effects were analyzed. Presented analysis was oriented on the influence of stiffness system ＂foundation--subsoil＂ and bonds （bi-directional bond and one-directional bond with and without friction）. The results of numerical calculations have proved that the relative stiffness of system ＂foundation--subsoil＂ affect considerably the value and the distribution of contact stresses （vertical normal and shear stresses） in the foundation gap and value of the displacements （settlement, deflection and relative deformations） of foundation. From the numerical point of view, this problem was solved by deformation variant of the FEM （finite element method）. The numerically obtained results were presented in the graphical and tabular forms. Obtained results were qualitative and quantitative compared with one another. From the calculation results it is obvious that relative stiffness of the system ＂foundation structure--subsoil＂ substantially affects distribution of contact stresses in the foundation subsoil and displacements （settlement, deflection and relative deformations, flexibility） of foundation. In the case of flexible foundations, the bond on the contact surfaces must be considered during the calculation. On the other hand, the effects of friction on the contact surface between the foundation and subsoil affect the distribution of contact stresses and deformations only to smaller extent.

Global Commercial Space Markets

Space is becoming more accessible than ever before. Falling satellite manufacturing and launch costs have opened the door to new players to enter the market, disrupting the status quo. HTS and constellations have entered the market and will lead to a lot more capacity at a lower price. But how this capacity will be optimally distributed remains a significant challenge. Earth Observation(EO) and Big Data are also areas of interest that are gaining grounds thanks to projects of 100 s if not 1,000 s of satellites that will have a lasting effect on manufacturing and launch markets.

Geographically driven shifts in land use influence phytoplankton community patterns in the Inner Mongolian Plateau lakes

Phytoplankton play an irreplaceable role as producers in maintaining lake ecosystems.Nevertheless,scant attention has been given to investigating the dispersion of phytoplankton communities and the factors influencing them across expansive areas.In this study,we present the results of a survey on the distribution of phytoplankton community and the effects of different driving factors in 11 lakes along Inner Mongolia in July–August 2020.Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and variance decomposition(VPA)were used to elucidate the distribution of phytoplankton communities and the response of drivers.A total of 169 species of phytoplankton from 8 phyla were detected.Both the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the Inner Mongolia lakes showed a trend of high in the east and low in the west(with Daihai Lake as the boundary).The Margalef index of phytoplankton significantly negatively correlated with salinity(r=−0.707,P<0.05)and total dissolved solids(r=−0.720,P<0.05),and both density and biomass highly significantly positively correlated with the suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and trophic level index.The VPA explained 38.9%of the changes in the phytoplankton community with the highest rate of explanation of land use.Therefore,preventing anthropogenic impacts,as well as reducing nutrient loads,can effectively ensure the ecological diversity of lake phytoplankton in lake populations with large geographical spans and varying levels of nutrients.