浙江东部沿海城市建设用地空间结构分析

基于《中国城市建设统计年鉴(2008)》中宁波、台州和温州3市的城市建设用地数据,应用经济学区位熵、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的方法,对浙江省东部沿海城市建设用地空间分布差异进行了定性和定量的分析。研究结果:在各类城市建设用地分布的区域优势方面,居住用地总体趋向于各县级市,工业用地、仓储用地、对外交通用地总体趋向于宁波、台州和温州的核心城区,另外,台州各地的公共设施用地、市政公用设施用地的区域优势较为明显,温州市区内道路广场用地、绿地、特殊用地的区域优势都非常明显;在城市建设用地空间分布的差异度方面,特殊用地的区域分布差距较大(其基尼系数已超过国际警戒线0.4),绿地和市政公用设施用地的分布相对合理,仓储用地分布比较平均,居住、公共设施、工业、对外交通和道路广场用地的分布都处于绝对平均水平。研究结论:城市建设用地的区域优势及空间分布特征,很好地反映了其经济、社会、人口等多个层面的发展状况。

用地空间结构对城市土地集约利用评价尺度效应的影响

尺度效应是当前城市土地集约利用研究中一个鲜有涉及的领域,本文以深圳市宝安区为例,考察了利用地均投资额和地均产值两个指标在街道、地块两级尺度上对全区工业用地集约利用水平的评价结果,经过比较证实了城市土地集约利用评价的尺度效应是客观存在的。文章还通过计算用地的数量结构和格局指数进一步探讨了用地空间结构对尺度效应的影响。研究表明:用地数量结构对更高尺度空间的土地集约利用水平起主导作用,但用地空间布局却决定了土地集约利用水平的空间表现形态;在用地数量结构相似的情况下,用地空间布局中的优势度指数和均匀度指数对整体集约利用水平有着重要影响;在实际土地管理中,应考虑尺度效应的影响,尽量避免仅从单一尺度评价土地集约利用状况。

Division of Farmland Use in East China at County level Based on Landscape Structure and Output Function——a Case of Pingdu City, Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to research the relationships among different e- valuation farmland units and conduct division-of farmland use in order to provide scientific references for protection and rational use of farmland at county level. [Method] Using Pingdu City as a case, the research selected land use indices such as farmland use structure, output, geographical location, eta/., and then performed a cluster analysis for farmland use division. [Result] Farmlands in Pingdu can be classified into 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, it is necessary to strengthen farmland protection, especially for highly-quality farmlands, to guarantee the quantity and quality of local crops. In groups 1 and 3, it is necessary to improve concentration degree and use rate of construction lands and control farmland pollution possibly caused by constructions. In group 4, priority should be given to maintaining diversity of land use patterns, and avoiding aimless farming expansion. [Conclusion] During urbanization process in eastern coastal agricultural regions, it is of importance to prevent fertile farmlands being occupied by construction lands to enhance use rate of construction lands. Furthermore, agricultural non-point pollution should be detected constantly in intensively used farmlands, especially in vegetable fields. Additionally, land use diversity should be well protected by avoiding farmland expansion and im- proving farmland environment.

Spatial Structure and Land Use Control in Extended Metropolitan Region of Zhujiang River Delta,China

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is one of the most developed Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in China.With the rapid urbanization,the agglomeration of population and industries has emerged,which has led to dramatic changes of spatial structure and land use in this region.With data of high resolution TM remote sensing images and Google Earth maps,this paper identified and analyzed the spatial pattern of the Zhujiang River Delta EMR using Envy and ArcGIS tools.It was found that 1) the industrial land uses were expanding substantially,particularly on the bank sides of the Zhujiang River estuary;2) large-scale housing developments were concentrated in the fringe of metropolitan areas such as those of Guangzhou and Shenzhen;3) a regional transportation network with the spatial pattern of ″1 circle +2 pieces + 3 axes″ had significantly affected the location choice of manufacture enterprises.At the same time,both highly specialized land use and severely mixed land use patterns were identified.As a consequence of the latter,land use efficiency of the whole EMR areas was reduced.Moreover,ecologic and environmental problems were severe.Based on the above analysis,suggestions were given from the viewpoint of spatial safety,land use efficiency,and the reorganization of spatial structure in the Zhujiang River Delta EMR.

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land Use Intensity of Coastal Zone in China During 2000–2010

Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, land use maps in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in China′s coastal zone were produced, and structural raster data of land use were further generated to calculate land use intensity comprehensive index(LUICI) for analyzing land use spatial-temporal characteristics at 1 km scale. Results show that: 1) from the perspective of spatial patterns of landforms at a macro scale, there is a significant difference in land use intensity between the north and the south of China′s coastal zone. Hotspots of changes mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, estuaries and coastal wetlands; 2) elevation is an important factor that controlling land use spatial patterns at local scale. Land use intensity is much higher within areas below the elevation of 400 m and it decreased significantly as the elevation increasing; 3) there is a significant land-ocean gradient for land use intensity, which is low in island and near-shore areas, but high in the regions that 4–30 km far away the coastline because of much intensive human activities; however, in recent decades land use intensity had been promoted significantly in low near-shore area due to extensive sea reclamations; 4) significant differences of land use intensity were also found among provincial administrative units. A rising trend of land use intensity was found in provincial-level administrative units from 2000 to 2010. To sum up, elevation, land-ocean gradient, socio-economic status and policy are all influencing factors to the spatial patterns and temporal variations of land use intensity in China′s coastal zone.

ANALYSIS ON SPATIAL FEATURES OF LUCC BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN CHINA

In view of the large quantities of areas, complex landform and dynamic change of resources and environment in China, China has already funded abundantly a series of macro remote sensing investigation projects in land use/ cover change(LUCC) since 1990. Supported by the achievements of such projects, Chinese resources, environmental and remote sensing database (CRERS) was created. In this paper, we standardized the LUCC dataset of CRERS at scale of 1km, which facilitated the study of spatial features of LUCC in China. The analysis on the spatial features of LUCC and their causes of formation in China are based on the CRERS supported by the technologies of Geographic Information System (GIS). The whole research was based on the grade index of land use, ecological environmental index and index of population density. Based on the correlation analysis, we found that the special features of LUCC were closely related with those of ecological environment and population density, which resulted from that areas with better ecological environment and high production potential of land were easy and convenient for human being to live, which, furthermore, led to the aggravation of excessive exploitation of land resources there.