The conventional deadline and budget constrained （DBC） scheduling heuristics for economic-based computational grids does not take the inconsistency of grid heterogeneity into account, which can lead to decline of ap...The conventional deadline and budget constrained （DBC） scheduling heuristics for economic-based computational grids does not take the inconsistency of grid heterogeneity into account, which can lead to decline of application completion ratios. Motivated by this fact, a novel DI3C scheduling heuristics was proposed to deal with sequential workflow applications. In order to valuate the inconsistency, the relative cost （RC） metric was introduced, which was used to indicate the task-starving degree for resources. The new algorithm assigns tasks to resources, considering completion time, budget and RC together. The GridSim toolkit and the benchmark suites of the standard performance evaluation corporation （SPEC） were used to simulate the heterogeneous grid environment and applications. The experimental results show that the task and workflow completion ratios of the new heuristics are higher than those of the conventional heuristics.展开更多
This paper deals with the use of Pareto distribution in models of wage distribution. Pareto distribution cannot generally be used as a model of the whole wage distribution, but only as a model for the distribution of ...This paper deals with the use of Pareto distribution in models of wage distribution. Pareto distribution cannot generally be used as a model of the whole wage distribution, but only as a model for the distribution of higher or of the highest wages. It is usually about wages higher than the median. The parameter b is called the Pareto coefficient and it is often used as a characteristic of differentiation of fifty percent of the highest wages. Pareto distribution is so much the more applicable model of a specific wage distribution, the more specific differentiation of fifty percent of the highest wages will resemble to differentiation that is expected by Pareto distribution. Pareto distribution assumes a differentiation of wages, in which the following ratios are the same： ratio of the upper quartile to the median; ratio of the eighth decile to the sixth decile; ratio of the ninth decile to the eighth decile. This finding may serve as one of the empirical criterions for assessing, whether Pareto distribution is a suitable or less suitable model of a particular wage distribution. If we find only small differences between the ratios of these quantiles in a specific wage distribution, Pareto distribution is a good model of a specific wage distribution. Approximation of a specific wage distribution by Pareto distribution will be less suitable or even unsuitable when more expressive differences of mentioned ratios. If we choose Pareto distribution as a model of a specific wage distribution, we must reckon with the fact that the model is always only an approximation. It will describe only approximately the actual wage distribution and the relationships in the model will only partially reflect the relationships in a specific wage distribution.展开更多
A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) i...A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) in a cluster, which is revealed by formulating resource allocation as a network utility maximization problem. Then, by maximizing the total network utility with constrains of minimizing collision probability, the optimal value of CW (Wopt) can be computed according to the number of sensor nodes. The new backoff algorithm uses the common optimal value Wopt and leads to fewer collisions than binary exponential backoff algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard 802.11 DCF and S-MAC in average collision times, packet delay, total energy consumption, and system throughput.展开更多
The high-spin rotational properties of two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd 166Ta are analyzed using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the ...The high-spin rotational properties of two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd 166Ta are analyzed using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments and their variations with the rotational frequency hw are reproduced very well by the particle-number conserving calculations, which provides a reliable support to the configuration assignments in previous works for these bands. The backbendings in these two-quasiparticle bands are analyzed by the calculated occupation probabilities and the contributions of each orbital to the total angular momentum alignments. The moments of inertia and alignments for the Gallagher-Moszkowski partners of these observed two-quasiparticle rotational bands are also predicted.展开更多
基金Project(60873107) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The conventional deadline and budget constrained （DBC） scheduling heuristics for economic-based computational grids does not take the inconsistency of grid heterogeneity into account, which can lead to decline of application completion ratios. Motivated by this fact, a novel DI3C scheduling heuristics was proposed to deal with sequential workflow applications. In order to valuate the inconsistency, the relative cost （RC） metric was introduced, which was used to indicate the task-starving degree for resources. The new algorithm assigns tasks to resources, considering completion time, budget and RC together. The GridSim toolkit and the benchmark suites of the standard performance evaluation corporation （SPEC） were used to simulate the heterogeneous grid environment and applications. The experimental results show that the task and workflow completion ratios of the new heuristics are higher than those of the conventional heuristics.
文摘This paper deals with the use of Pareto distribution in models of wage distribution. Pareto distribution cannot generally be used as a model of the whole wage distribution, but only as a model for the distribution of higher or of the highest wages. It is usually about wages higher than the median. The parameter b is called the Pareto coefficient and it is often used as a characteristic of differentiation of fifty percent of the highest wages. Pareto distribution is so much the more applicable model of a specific wage distribution, the more specific differentiation of fifty percent of the highest wages will resemble to differentiation that is expected by Pareto distribution. Pareto distribution assumes a differentiation of wages, in which the following ratios are the same： ratio of the upper quartile to the median; ratio of the eighth decile to the sixth decile; ratio of the ninth decile to the eighth decile. This finding may serve as one of the empirical criterions for assessing, whether Pareto distribution is a suitable or less suitable model of a particular wage distribution. If we find only small differences between the ratios of these quantiles in a specific wage distribution, Pareto distribution is a good model of a specific wage distribution. Approximation of a specific wage distribution by Pareto distribution will be less suitable or even unsuitable when more expressive differences of mentioned ratios. If we choose Pareto distribution as a model of a specific wage distribution, we must reckon with the fact that the model is always only an approximation. It will describe only approximately the actual wage distribution and the relationships in the model will only partially reflect the relationships in a specific wage distribution.
基金Project(60772088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (CW) in a cluster, which is revealed by formulating resource allocation as a network utility maximization problem. Then, by maximizing the total network utility with constrains of minimizing collision probability, the optimal value of CW (Wopt) can be computed according to the number of sensor nodes. The new backoff algorithm uses the common optimal value Wopt and leads to fewer collisions than binary exponential backoff algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard 802.11 DCF and S-MAC in average collision times, packet delay, total energy consumption, and system throughput.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2015QN21)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275098,11275248,and 11505058)
文摘The high-spin rotational properties of two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd 166Ta are analyzed using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments and their variations with the rotational frequency hw are reproduced very well by the particle-number conserving calculations, which provides a reliable support to the configuration assignments in previous works for these bands. The backbendings in these two-quasiparticle bands are analyzed by the calculated occupation probabilities and the contributions of each orbital to the total angular momentum alignments. The moments of inertia and alignments for the Gallagher-Moszkowski partners of these observed two-quasiparticle rotational bands are also predicted.
