The wave Coriolis-Stokes-Force-modified ocean momentum equations are reviewed in this paper and the wave Stokes transport is pointed out to be part of the ocean circulations. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range...The wave Coriolis-Stokes-Force-modified ocean momentum equations are reviewed in this paper and the wave Stokes transport is pointed out to be part of the ocean circulations. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis data(ERA-40 data) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) version 2.2.4 data, the magnitude of this transport is compared with that of wind-driven Sverdrup transport and a 5-to-10-precent contribution by the wave Stokes transport is found. Both transports are stronger in boreal winter than in summers. The wave effect can be either contribution or cancellation in different seasons. Examination with Kuroshio transport verifies similar seasonal variations. The clarification of the efficient wave boundary condition helps to understand the role of waves in mass transport. It acts as surface wind stress and can be functional down to the bottom of the ageostrophic layer. The pumping velocities resulting from wave-induced stress are zonally distributed and are significant in relatively high latitudes. Further work will focus on the model performance of the wave-stress-changed-boundary and the role of swells in the eastern part of the oceans.展开更多
The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases （GHGs） from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International M...The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases （GHGs） from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.展开更多
In the modern material engineering, the use of nanometer materials has entered the highly and intensively utilized stage, so new nanometer materials have been continuously found to replace the traditional ordinary mat...In the modern material engineering, the use of nanometer materials has entered the highly and intensively utilized stage, so new nanometer materials have been continuously found to replace the traditional ordinary materials. The so-called nanometer materials have the size within l - 100nm in thickness, which originates from the 1980s. At that time, nanometer materials didn＇t have a proper development due to the economic level. t towever, with the support of science and technology, this technology has undergone tremendous changes in the related fields. There have been increasing expansion in the kinds and the width in use of the nanometer materials, so have the research of nanometer materials. In this paper, we will briefly analyze the application ofnanometer materials in the sports engineering.展开更多
The increase in car ownership brought about by energy shortages,and environmental crises became more acute.The most effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction of car is to improve engine efficiency....The increase in car ownership brought about by energy shortages,and environmental crises became more acute.The most effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction of car is to improve engine efficiency.In addition to that,lightweight body is the key.Aluminum,magnesium alloy as significant materials of lightweight,and the application amount in the car body is a significant upward trend.However,there is high cost of material,with immature applied technology and a series of bottleneck problems.All of them affect general application of lightweight materials. This paper focuses on forming process issues for aluminum,magnesium alloy and the solutions to achieve.展开更多
To analyze the feasibility of application of composite material as the insulating material, it is necessary to have knowledge of some of its mechanical properties. An insulating material may suffer from the most diffe...To analyze the feasibility of application of composite material as the insulating material, it is necessary to have knowledge of some of its mechanical properties. An insulating material may suffer from the most different efforts, but the major applications suggest mechanical bending and compression tests because the insulation can be applied on roofs of homes, liners similar to, in the form of plates. Thus, the product is continually flexed. When the material is used on a floor, it suffers constant compressions over its use. For tests performed in this study, we used the ASTM D695-96 for compression, an example of literature. Using such a standard test, specimens were produced for compression test, with specimens made of cylindrical shapes, respecting the condition that the height of the specimen corresponds to twice the diameter of the base. Polyurethane castor without charge vermiculite and mass loads of 10%, 15% and 20% matrix： four specimens for each type of material were produced. The composites were tested in a universal testing machine at a speed of 2 mm/s. The results are average values of four test samples, and initially show the behavior of castor oil polyurethane during the compression test, which is detailed in the stress versus strain curve. The achieved results are promising, and detailed in this paper.展开更多
English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humo...English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humor is the main feature, there is still a long distance between real and Actors＇ lines. Through English spoken feature, we take American popular long sitcom ＂Friends＂ and ＂Big Bang＂ as the example, combined the analysis of real spoken language in the sitcom in order to dig out the suitability when we need to select appropriate teaching material.展开更多
Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction bthrough the research methods about analyzing computer corpus translation and inter-language research methods...Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction bthrough the research methods about analyzing computer corpus translation and inter-language research methods, and through comparison analysis about three of more thaxL four hundred thousand words, link adverbs in Chinese and English corpus and its corresponding Chinese word retrieval results, and make a detailed description of the characteristic for Chinese English learners and native English speakers, and thus provides an application example to study corpus in translation.展开更多
High-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) is used as a thermal storage medium of a heat-pipe receiver in an advanced solar dynamic system.With both void cavity and natural convection considered,thermal performance ...High-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) is used as a thermal storage medium of a heat-pipe receiver in an advanced solar dynamic system.With both void cavity and natural convection considered,thermal performance of the heat-pipe receiver is numerically analyzed under gravity.The results indicate that the PCM contained in the integrated heat pipe performs an averaging function of heat loadings.The thermal performance of the heat-pipe receiver is stable and reliable.When a heating cycle is stable,the temperature fluctuations both on heat-pipe wall and in PCM canister remain less than 13 K throughout a sunlight and eclipse cycle.The utility of PCM is essentially improved.The maximum melting ratio of PCM is 92%.Under gravity,PCM melts more quickly with the effect of natural convection.Natural convection accelerates the process of phase changes.Numerical results are compared with the experimental results concerned.The accuracy of numerical model under gravity is verified.The experiment for the PCM canister on the ground can be well prepared with our numerical simulation.展开更多
An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was perfor...An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was performed by our homemade software, based on the shape and dimensions of object images. The software was able to manage multiple bottles in a single image and was additionally extended to cases involving touching bottles. The identification was fulfilled by comparing the set of measured features with an existing database and meanwhile integrating various recognition techniques such as minimum distance in the feature space, self-organized maps, and neural networks. The recognition system was tested on a set of 50 different bottles and provided so far an accuracy of about 97% on bottle identification. The extraction of the bottles was performed by means of a pneumatic arm, which was activated according to the plastic type; polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles were left on the conveyor belt, while non-PET bottles were extracted. The software was designed to provide the best compromise between reli-ability and speed for real-time applications in view of the commercialization of the system at existing recycling plants.展开更多
In this paper the variation of interface stress intensity factors is considered under arbitrary material combinations for several problems such as central internal interface cracks, periodic interface cracks, and edge...In this paper the variation of interface stress intensity factors is considered under arbitrary material combinations for several problems such as central internal interface cracks, periodic interface cracks, and edge interface cracks. The stress intensity factors for all these problems have been determined in terms of Dundurs＇ parameters a, b by the application of FEM in the authors＇ previous papers. In this paper, the variations of the stress intensity factors for all these problems are discussed under arbitrary a, b, then the maximum and minimum values of dimensionless stress intensity factors FI,max, FII,max, FI,min, FII,max are indicated on the map of a, b. As an example, it is found that FI,max always appears when （a, b）= （0.2,0.3）, and FI,min always appears when （a, b）= （1,0）, for the central internal interface cracks independent of crack length.展开更多
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China (40976005 and 40930844)
文摘The wave Coriolis-Stokes-Force-modified ocean momentum equations are reviewed in this paper and the wave Stokes transport is pointed out to be part of the ocean circulations. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis data(ERA-40 data) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) version 2.2.4 data, the magnitude of this transport is compared with that of wind-driven Sverdrup transport and a 5-to-10-precent contribution by the wave Stokes transport is found. Both transports are stronger in boreal winter than in summers. The wave effect can be either contribution or cancellation in different seasons. Examination with Kuroshio transport verifies similar seasonal variations. The clarification of the efficient wave boundary condition helps to understand the role of waves in mass transport. It acts as surface wind stress and can be functional down to the bottom of the ageostrophic layer. The pumping velocities resulting from wave-induced stress are zonally distributed and are significant in relatively high latitudes. Further work will focus on the model performance of the wave-stress-changed-boundary and the role of swells in the eastern part of the oceans.
文摘The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases （GHGs） from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.
文摘In the modern material engineering, the use of nanometer materials has entered the highly and intensively utilized stage, so new nanometer materials have been continuously found to replace the traditional ordinary materials. The so-called nanometer materials have the size within l - 100nm in thickness, which originates from the 1980s. At that time, nanometer materials didn＇t have a proper development due to the economic level. t towever, with the support of science and technology, this technology has undergone tremendous changes in the related fields. There have been increasing expansion in the kinds and the width in use of the nanometer materials, so have the research of nanometer materials. In this paper, we will briefly analyze the application ofnanometer materials in the sports engineering.
文摘The increase in car ownership brought about by energy shortages,and environmental crises became more acute.The most effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction of car is to improve engine efficiency.In addition to that,lightweight body is the key.Aluminum,magnesium alloy as significant materials of lightweight,and the application amount in the car body is a significant upward trend.However,there is high cost of material,with immature applied technology and a series of bottleneck problems.All of them affect general application of lightweight materials. This paper focuses on forming process issues for aluminum,magnesium alloy and the solutions to achieve.
文摘To analyze the feasibility of application of composite material as the insulating material, it is necessary to have knowledge of some of its mechanical properties. An insulating material may suffer from the most different efforts, but the major applications suggest mechanical bending and compression tests because the insulation can be applied on roofs of homes, liners similar to, in the form of plates. Thus, the product is continually flexed. When the material is used on a floor, it suffers constant compressions over its use. For tests performed in this study, we used the ASTM D695-96 for compression, an example of literature. Using such a standard test, specimens were produced for compression test, with specimens made of cylindrical shapes, respecting the condition that the height of the specimen corresponds to twice the diameter of the base. Polyurethane castor without charge vermiculite and mass loads of 10%, 15% and 20% matrix： four specimens for each type of material were produced. The composites were tested in a universal testing machine at a speed of 2 mm/s. The results are average values of four test samples, and initially show the behavior of castor oil polyurethane during the compression test, which is detailed in the stress versus strain curve. The achieved results are promising, and detailed in this paper.
文摘English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humor is the main feature, there is still a long distance between real and Actors＇ lines. Through English spoken feature, we take American popular long sitcom ＂Friends＂ and ＂Big Bang＂ as the example, combined the analysis of real spoken language in the sitcom in order to dig out the suitability when we need to select appropriate teaching material.
文摘Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction bthrough the research methods about analyzing computer corpus translation and inter-language research methods, and through comparison analysis about three of more thaxL four hundred thousand words, link adverbs in Chinese and English corpus and its corresponding Chinese word retrieval results, and make a detailed description of the characteristic for Chinese English learners and native English speakers, and thus provides an application example to study corpus in translation.
文摘High-temperature Phase Change Material (PCM) is used as a thermal storage medium of a heat-pipe receiver in an advanced solar dynamic system.With both void cavity and natural convection considered,thermal performance of the heat-pipe receiver is numerically analyzed under gravity.The results indicate that the PCM contained in the integrated heat pipe performs an averaging function of heat loadings.The thermal performance of the heat-pipe receiver is stable and reliable.When a heating cycle is stable,the temperature fluctuations both on heat-pipe wall and in PCM canister remain less than 13 K throughout a sunlight and eclipse cycle.The utility of PCM is essentially improved.The maximum melting ratio of PCM is 92%.Under gravity,PCM melts more quickly with the effect of natural convection.Natural convection accelerates the process of phase changes.Numerical results are compared with the experimental results concerned.The accuracy of numerical model under gravity is verified.The experiment for the PCM canister on the ground can be well prepared with our numerical simulation.
基金Project (No. 01-01-02-SF0011) supported by the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) of Malaysia
文摘An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was performed by our homemade software, based on the shape and dimensions of object images. The software was able to manage multiple bottles in a single image and was additionally extended to cases involving touching bottles. The identification was fulfilled by comparing the set of measured features with an existing database and meanwhile integrating various recognition techniques such as minimum distance in the feature space, self-organized maps, and neural networks. The recognition system was tested on a set of 50 different bottles and provided so far an accuracy of about 97% on bottle identification. The extraction of the bottles was performed by means of a pneumatic arm, which was activated according to the plastic type; polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles were left on the conveyor belt, while non-PET bottles were extracted. The software was designed to provide the best compromise between reli-ability and speed for real-time applications in view of the commercialization of the system at existing recycling plants.
基金supported by the Japanese Government (Monbukagukusho) Scholarshipthe National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2011CB013702)
文摘In this paper the variation of interface stress intensity factors is considered under arbitrary material combinations for several problems such as central internal interface cracks, periodic interface cracks, and edge interface cracks. The stress intensity factors for all these problems have been determined in terms of Dundurs＇ parameters a, b by the application of FEM in the authors＇ previous papers. In this paper, the variations of the stress intensity factors for all these problems are discussed under arbitrary a, b, then the maximum and minimum values of dimensionless stress intensity factors FI,max, FII,max, FI,min, FII,max are indicated on the map of a, b. As an example, it is found that FI,max always appears when （a, b）= （0.2,0.3）, and FI,min always appears when （a, b）= （1,0）, for the central internal interface cracks independent of crack length.
