用格理论分析和设计项目管理的组织结构

文章用格理论思想分析和指导项目管理组织内外部结构的设计 ,使项目管理的组织行为更加制度化、科学化。

现代俄语中述谓静词的用格

述谓成分是一个非常复杂而繁难的问题,述谓静词是述谓成分的一部分,静词谓语的种类和形式多种多样,表达各种不同细致而丰富的意义和意味。本文以作者在《现在俄语谓语研究》(第一辑,第二辑)中俄语谓语分类体系为纲,分别对各种静词谓语的的静词(名词,形容词/形动词)的用格(主要是一格,五格)进行了明确而详细的考察和阐述。

改进型活塞用格来圈在唐钢超薄热带钢生产线上的应用

简要介绍了霞板格来圈的结构、特点,以及在唐钢超薄热带生产线应用中取得的经验。

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界致密储层含气系统压力演化

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界多层系致密气发育,准确认识气藏压力演化过程对深化致密气成藏认识和实现气井高产稳产具有指导意义。综合应用钻测井资料和岩心流体包裹体测试,结合盆地埋藏史和热演化史模拟,揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界含气系统压力演化。结果显示,研究区自下而上发育欠压、略微欠压和常压系统。均一温度和盐度总体上连续分布,反映了油气连续充注过程。太原组、山西组和下石盒子组均一温度和盐度正相关,反映近源生烃后快速充注;上石盒子组和石千峰组均一温度和盐度负相关,受流体远距离运移充注和紫金山构造热事件作用下的气藏再平衡影响。研究区在白垩纪中期大量生烃,形成了异常高压,储层压力在34.89~38.26 MPa。后期地层抬升造成储层压力降低,其中地层降温贡献了50.31%~57.85%;天然气膨胀引起的气体运移贡献了28.25%~41.95%,且以上部地层降低为主;孔隙反弹贡献了0.37%~0.79%。相关成果系统揭示了上古生界致密气藏压力系统演化及现今气藏压力成因,对于认识鄂尔多斯盆地和类似盆地致密气富集成藏规律具有借鉴意义。

比较短语的语义和结构探析

比较短语是语言中的重要现象,是表达比喻、比较等意义的重要手段。比较短语的语义类别含表象比喻、内在比喻以及关系比喻。短语可修饰名词、形容词或动词,其在句中是否独立,取决于语言系统因素以及个人风格因素,而喻体和本体间的语义关系、动词的强弱支配以及充当的句法成分起到至为关键的作用。

Establishment of Optimized Eco-productive Paradigm in the Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northern China

The farming-pastoral zone of northern China plays a dual role in ecological conditions and production and occupies an important position in the national economy. In this paper, the methodology of system engineering is introduced to construct and optimize an eco-productive paradigm system for the typical areas of the farming-pastoral zone. The system was constructed in the following steps: (1) design the framework of the paradigm system based on the data of physical site characteristics, biocommunities, production and economy, social culture and historical changes; (2) analyze the vegetation patterns, the interactions between vegetation and environmental factors (natural, social, economic, etc.) and the contributions of vegetation to the area, including the synthesis of the existing researches; and (3) provide the spatial arrangements of ecosystems and planning of each area, raise a comprehensive indicators of evaluation, evaluate the feasibility and soundness, and determine the optimum eco-productive paradigms for policy-makers which were land-use patterns within the threshold of ecological conservation. Three primitive paradigms of Maowusu (Mu Us) Ssandy Land, Loess Plateau and Huailai Basin in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China were proposed according to this paradigm system.

Fertilizer Overuse in China:Empirical Evidence from Farmers in Four Provinces

[Objective] This paper aims to empirically analyze the situation of fertilizer overuse in China, considering that fertilizer, important for China＇s crop production, has brought serious environmental pollution to China due to over application. [Method] Based on field survey data in four provinces of China, the magnitude of fertilizer overuse at farm level was empirically analyzed with Cobb-Douglas Produc- tion Function Method and profit optimization theory in the research. [Result] The resuits show that by average, 110.5 kg of chemical fertilizer were applied per mu of land, and 46.9 kg fertilizer was overused, occupying 42.5%. [Conclusion] There is large potential to reduce the overused amount and it is of great importance to re- duce fertilizer overuse effectively, which needs further intensive study.

Analysis and Simulation for Landscape Pattern Changes of Land Use in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City

Based on analyzing the changes of land use in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City from 2005 to 2008, temporal and spatial changes of land use from 2008 to 2020 were analyzed by using the model CLUE-S and, from the perspective of landscape ecology, future landscape pattern changes of land use in Wuzhong District were also quantitatively discussed by utilizing landscape indices. The results indicated that there was a large variation range of land use in Wuzhong District from 2005 to 2008 and massive farmland and woodland were transformed into construction land and gardens. Guided by the policy of saving intensive land and protecting farmland, future variation range of land use will get smaller obviously. The fragmentation degree for farmland, woodland and water area will get decreased but will get increased relatively for construction land. In general, all landscapes tend to a balanced development.

宋代诗论对明人的影响

儒家诗论强调诗是人情感的抒发,其反映并影响着社会。宋人在继承这一理论中,走出了一条直抒己见、对社会人生纵横议论、既继承唐人又不同于唐人的创作道路。在此理论下形成的宋诗,被明代复古诗论以“宋无诗”予以否定。然而宋诗及宋人的诗歌理论却一直影响着明人对诗歌的探索,对宋诗的接受主要表现在认清继承中的墨守与创新、法其法与法其所以为法、抒情与议论等的关系上。

Endocytic regulation of TGF-β signaling

Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling is tightly regulated to ensure its proper physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Like other cell surface receptors, TGF-β receptors are internalized into the cell, and this process plays an important regulatory role in TGF-β signaling. It is well documented that TGF-β receptors are endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles as TGF-β endocytosis can be blocked by potassium depletion and the GTPasedeficient dynamin K44A mutant. TGF-β receptors may also enter cells via cholesterol-rich membrane microdomain lipid rafts/caveolae and are found in caveolin-l-positive vesicles. Although receptor endocytosis is not essential for TGF-β signaling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been shown to promote TGF-β-induced Smad activation and transcriptional responses. Lipid rafts/caveolae are widely regarded as signaling centers for G protein-coupled recep- tors and tyrosine kinase receptors, but they are indicated to facilitate the degradation of TGF-β receptors and there- fore turnoff of TGF-β signaling. This review summarizes current understanding of TGF-β receptor endocytosis, the possible mechanisms underlying this process, and the role of endocytosis in modulation of TGF-β signaling.

Land Use Change and Anthropogenic Driving Forces:A Case Study in Yanhe River Basin

Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of croplands were converted into alternate land-use types (equivalent to 61.7% of the original cropland area). The majority of cropland areas were found to be converted into grassland and woodland areas (accounting for 55.9% and 4.9% respectively of the original cropland areas). 2) Both cropland and woodland demonstrated an increasing fragmentation tendency while grasslands showed a decreasing fragmentation tendency. 3) Multiple driving forces of land use change were thought to act together to changes in landscape metrics in the Yanhe River Basin. The anthropogenic driving forces were analyzed from four perspectives:ecological conservation policy, labor force transfer, industrial development, and rural settlement. The policy of the GfG (Grain for Green) project was the main driving factor which expedited the conversion from cropland to woodland and grassland. Industrial development was also found to affect land use change through the direct impact of economic activities such as oil exploration and agricultural production, or through indirect impacts such as the industrial structures readjustment. Labor force transfer from rural to urban areas was found to follow the industrial structure readjustment and further drove land use change from cropland to off-farm land use. Establishment of new tile-roofed houses instead of cave-type dwellings in rural settlements has helped to aggregate the original scattered land-use type of construction.

Competition Game Analysis Between Public Enterprises

Municipal public utilities reform is an important part of the economic system structural reform of cities. In this paper a kind of market competition mechanism for commercial municipal public enterprises is proposed; a price competition model of municipal public enterprises with similar products is founded; its static and dynamic game analysis is offered and a comparison between them is made. The results show that,for the business type of municipal public enterprise market competition mechanism can be introduced to mobilize the enterprise activity to raise the end of efficiency; the government may control the market price through the economic measures of regulating the amount of subsidy;that enterprises enter the market and select the price simultaneously is more advantageous than entering the market one after another in general, information among the municipal enterprises is symmetrical (the equilibrium is lower); "following enterprises" gets "second mover advantage";to raise the difference of the same product will increase the profit of enterprise.

Analyzing Land-use Change in Farming-pastoral Transitional Region Using Autologistic Model and Household Survey Approach

Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.

The Interaction of Oblique Flexural Gravity Waves With a Small Bottom Deformation on a Porous Ocean-Bed： Green＇s Function Approach

The interaction of oblique incident water waves with a small bottom deformation on a porous ocean-bed is examined analytically here within the framework of linear water wave theory. The upper surface of the ocean is assumed to be covered by an infinitely extended thin uniform elastic plate, while the lower surface is bounded by a porous bottom surface having a small deformation. By employing a simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter c^（〈〈l ）, which measures the smallness of the deformation, the governing Boundary Value Problem （BVP） is reduced to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. This BVP is solved using a method based on Green＇s integral theorem with the introduction of suitable Green＇s function to obtain the first-order potential, and this potential function is then utilized to calculate the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function c（x） representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that when the quotient of twice the component of the incident field wave number propagating just below the elastic plate and the ripple wave number approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the surface below the elastic plate. Again, for small angles of incidence, the reflected wave energy is more as compared to the other angles of incidence. It is also observed that the reflected wave energy is somewhat sensitive to the changes in the flexural rigidity of the elastic plate, the porosity of the bed and the ripple wave numbers. The main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.

Watershed Prioritization of Palar Sub-watershed Based on the Morphometric and Land Use Analysis

Morphometric analysis is an indispensable tool for hydrological investigation that involves the development and management of drainage basin. This study characterizes the micro watersheds in the Palar sub-watershed using morphometric analysis and assesses its risk by land use and land cover features in a particular micro watershed. Palar sub-watershed is divided into 6 micro watersheds for prioritization based on morphometric and land use analysis. Several morphometric parameters （linear, shape and relief） are determined from the drainage map; ranks are assigned based on their capacity to induce erodability and degradation. Final ranking is based on the composite index calculated from the sum of the ranks of each morphometric parameter. Morphometric analysis reveals micro watersheds 5 and 6 as most susceptible and 2 and 3 as low susceptible. Land use is mapped using IRS ID LISS III satellite data. The risk in terms of watershed degradation involved to each micro watershed is based on the ranks of each land use feature, obtained from a similar composite index as that of morphometric analysis. Land use analysis shows that micro watersheds 2 and 4 fall under high priority category while 5 and 6 under low priority category. Integration of the morphometric and land use analysis shows that only microwatershed 1 falls under the same category in both analyses. Control measures are suggested to contain degradation depending on its specific land use pattern and morphometric features. This study ean be used to prepare a comprehensive watershed plan for the development or for planning resource conservation strategies, by integrating land use features with the drainage characteristics of the region, in particular for a hill ecosystem as the prioritization is at micro level.

In vitro Dissolution and Pharmacokinetics in Beagle Dogs of a Self-Emulsifying Formulation of Tretinoin

Aim In vitro dissolution test and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs wereconducted to assess the formulation of tretinoin in self-emulsifying systems. Methods Theconcentrations of tretinoin were determined by HPLC. A crossover study was performed in four fastingbeagle dogs with the formulation of self-emulsifying systems and commercial capsules. Results Theresults showed that the dissolution rate in 15 min of tretinoin in self-emulsifying systems washigher than 80% while that of the commercial capsules was lower than 5% . The area under the plasmaconcentration-time curve (AUC) of the self-emulsifying formulation was significantly higher andC_(max) was approximately two times greater than those of commercial capsule, respectively, Inaddition, the time taken to reach peak was shorter (2 h to 1.25 h) for self-emulsifying formulationof tretinoin. Conclusion The self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.can significantly increasetretinoin in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption.

Mechanism of anti-tumor effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer in nude mice

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the anti-tumor effect of silencing the expression of HIF-1α on cervical cancer in nude mice and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods： Human cervical cancer cell line Siha cells were divided into 3 groups： mock control group, control group transfected with scrambled sequence plasmid, and experimental group transfected with pU-HIF-la-shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmid. Cultured cells of the three groups were inoculated in nude mice to establish cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. HIF-la RNAi assay was performed to evaluate the tumor-suppressive effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the distribution and protein expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1, while RT-PCR was adopted to detect the gene expression of HIF-1α, GLUTI and HK I1. The product of glycolysis （tactic acid） and apoptosis in tumor cells were detected by colorimetry and semi-quantitative TUNEL staining, respectively. Results： The tumor growth in experimental group was significantly slower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. In the 50th day after transplantation, the tumor weight in the experimental group was （1.90 ± 0.28） g, significantly lower than （2.95 ± 0.77） g in the control group and （2.54 ± 0.56） g in the mock group （P 〈 0.01）. In the experimental group, the gene and protein levels of HIF-1α were 0.45 ± 0.04 and 1.25 ± 0.92, and the levels of GLUT1 were 0.32 ± 0.02 and 1.25 ± 0.48, respectively. Both indicators in HIF-la and GLUT1 were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. The expression levels of HK Ⅱ gene and lactic acid in the experimental group were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）, but the apoptotic cells were much more numerous in the experimental group than that in matched control groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The 9ene therapy by siRNAtargeted silencing of HIF-1α may down-regulate its downstream genes GLUT1 and HK Ⅱ expression, therefore, to reduce the tumor glycolysis activity and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and exert a tumor-suppressing effect in vivo.

Application of ACO algorithm in protein structure prediction

The hydrophobic-polar (HP) lattice model is an important simplified model for studying protein folding. In this paper, we present an improved ACO algorithm for the protein structure prediction. In the algorithm, the "lone"ethod is applied to deal with the infeasible structures, and the "oint mutation and reconstruction"ethod is applied in local search phase. The empirical results show that the presented method is feasible and effective to solve the problem of protein structure prediction, and notable improvements in CPU time are obtained.

A Backward-Looking Optimal Current Lattice Model

An optimai current lattice model with backward-looking effect is proposed to describe the motion of traffic flow on a single lane highway. The behavior of the new model is investigated anaiytically and numerically. The stability, neutrai stability, and instability conditions of the uniform flow are obtained by the use of linear stability theory. The stability of the uniform flow is strengthened effectively by the introduction of the backward-looking effect. The numerical simulations are carried out to verify the validity of the new model. The outcomes of the simulation are corresponding to the linearly analyticai results. The analytical and numerical results show that the performance of the new model is better than that of the previous models.

Attractive Model and Marketing Implications of Theme Shopping Tourism Destination

This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand function.An attractive model is deduced.According to this attractive model,it is can be known that the attractive distance is related to the price difference of the theme commodities between TST destination and tourist origin place,the average expenditure of transport,the demand elasticity of price,the actual price of sightseeing spot,the critical price that a tourist will afford,the number of nights that a tourist stays on the TST destination and the price level of accommodation in the TST destination.The change mechanism of attractive distance of TST destinations is revealed in this paper,and implications on TST marketing are put forward.First,theme commodities should be luxuries.Second,lower price is the primary pulling factor of theme shopping tourism.Third,the route combining with sightseeing spots is beneficial to shopping tourism.At last,TST development is one way of rejuvenating the falling destinations.