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五代文书《安审琦请射田庄宣头》探微 被引量:2
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作者 王铭 《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第6期191-195,共5页
后晋天福六年的《安审琦请射田庄宣头》在公文专用术语、写作技巧、处理制度诸方面颇具特色,有弥足珍贵的史料和研究价值。宣头公文的历史渊源是基于"宣"作为宣示皇命行为的狭义理解上的意义延伸。它成长为独立文种的演变过程... 后晋天福六年的《安审琦请射田庄宣头》在公文专用术语、写作技巧、处理制度诸方面颇具特色,有弥足珍贵的史料和研究价值。宣头公文的历史渊源是基于"宣"作为宣示皇命行为的狭义理解上的意义延伸。它成长为独立文种的演变过程,可分为三个阶段:其一,从狭义"宣"的特指意,衍生出由宰执将皇帝本质意图(称为"辞头")向法定起草机构宣告并令其撰写诏、敕文稿的公文处理制度。其二,始于后唐,经由枢密院直接外发的"宣"和行遣小事的"头子",两者从并列运用到融合为篇幅短小的"宣头"公文。经过长期实践,至迟在后周时已摆脱了篇幅上的限制,从而成为专门的公文。其三,宣头文种的运用,由五代时可以广泛用于人事任命、发布军令、下达政令、颁给赏赐等诸多用途,演变为宋、金时期专用于临机性人事任命这一特殊用途。 展开更多
关键词 请射 辞头 宣头 用途演变
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Industrial High Pressure Processing of Foods: Review of Evolution and Emerging Trends
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作者 Francisco Purroy Balda Beatriz Val Aparicio Carole Tonello Samson 《Journal of Food Science and Engineering》 2012年第10期543-549,共7页
High Pressure Processing (HPP), in the range of 200 MPa to 600 MPa/29,000 psi to 87,000 psi, is the most advanced emerging non-thermal processing technology for food. The constant improvements of high pressure equip... High Pressure Processing (HPP), in the range of 200 MPa to 600 MPa/29,000 psi to 87,000 psi, is the most advanced emerging non-thermal processing technology for food. The constant improvements of high pressure equipment concerning productivity and production costs have facilitated the increase of industrial uses of the technology. This paper reviews some of these advances in high pressure food processing including development of new functional beverages the new value proposals being offered by copackers substitution of traditional thermal techniques for novel product manufacturing and refrigerated services suppliers. Substitution of thermal treatments for meat processing and tenderisation of low value meat cuts. 展开更多
关键词 Industrial HPP equipment functional products toll processing meat tenderization HPP.
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