The effects of Z11 and AP407 collectors as well as AF65 and AF70 frothers were evaluated in the rougher flotation circuit of the Sungun copper concentrator plant using 2 4 full factorial design.Response functions were...The effects of Z11 and AP407 collectors as well as AF65 and AF70 frothers were evaluated in the rougher flotation circuit of the Sungun copper concentrator plant using 2 4 full factorial design.Response functions were produced for both Cu grade and recovery and optimized within the experimental range.The optimum reagent dosages were found to be 12.01 g/t Z11,11 g/t AP407,3 g/t AF65 and 5 g/t AF70 to attain the maximum Cu grade(8.17%).The reagent dosages of 12 g/t Z11,11 g/t AP407,3 g/t AF65 and 15 g/t AF70 produced the maximum Cu recovery(86.44%).The collector distribution demonstrated that the distribution pattern of(32%,32%,20%,16%)can produce the best recovery(87.75%)in comparison to other examined distribution patterns.展开更多
Projections of geodetic are important for all countries all over the world, where using system coordinates for solving any problems in measurements of surveying works. Russell projection is one of projections used in ...Projections of geodetic are important for all countries all over the world, where using system coordinates for solving any problems in measurements of surveying works. Russell projection is one of projections used in some countries. Direct algorithms in this projection use two methods. The first method uses partial differential equation, which is not after six orders in the series. While, the second method uses traditional series （exponential series）, which is very difficult and requires complex statistical analysis. New methodology has been applied for direct algorithms in Russell projection using general law of unlimited algorithms by simple method.展开更多
It has been more than half a century since the release of the first Shimadzu UV-VIS （UV-visible） spectrophotometer QB-50 in 1952, and during this time more than 160,000 UV-VIS spectrometers have been produced and in...It has been more than half a century since the release of the first Shimadzu UV-VIS （UV-visible） spectrophotometer QB-50 in 1952, and during this time more than 160,000 UV-VIS spectrometers have been produced and installed in a wide variety of different applications. A lot of technical innovations have been implemented to improve the performance and significantly reduce the stray light levels. The latest innovation during development of sophisticated spectrophotometers is based on a new holographic exposure method and optimized etching process which has made it possible to produce both high-efficient and exceptionally low stray light gratings. These LO-RAY-LIGH~ gratings have guaranteed values of stray light at the intermediate position between zero-order and first-order lights. The values are measured by Shimadzu＇s laser stray-light-measuring system. The latest development in the series of UV-VIS spectrophotometers is the UV-2700 which is a true double beam double monochromator system in a compact design for high-precision spectral analysis of a wide range of samples including organic and inorganic compounds, biological samples, optical materials and photovoltaics. The high performance optical system is designed with ＂LO-RAY-LIGH＂ diffraction gratings, featuring highest efficiency and exceptionally low stray light. The spectrophotometer operates in the wavelength range from 185 nm to 900 nm and allows highly sophisticated applications such as direct measurement of high density samples up to 8 absorbance units without dilution.展开更多
Ordinary differential equation(ODE) are widely used for quantifying HIV viral dynamics.It is interesting but challenging to estimate ODE parameters from noisy data, especially when the data have some outliers. In this...Ordinary differential equation(ODE) are widely used for quantifying HIV viral dynamics.It is interesting but challenging to estimate ODE parameters from noisy data, especially when the data have some outliers. In this study, the authors use the Mean Shift Outlier Model(MSOM) to detect outliers in HIV model based on the two-step estimation of ODE. Approximate formula for shift parameter is derived. Furthermore, a score test statistic is constructed and its approximating distribution is established. The simulation results show that: 1) The boundary points have more impact on the parameter estimation relative to interior points. 2) The proposed procedure can detect the outliers effectively. The authors illustrate the proposed approach using an application example from an HIV clinical trial and find similar pattern to the simulation studies.展开更多
It is important to study the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes in the fields of both climate change and land use change. Relationships between cropland changes and driving forces...It is important to study the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes in the fields of both climate change and land use change. Relationships between cropland changes and driving forces were qualitatively studied in most of the previous researches. However, the quantitative assessments of the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes are needed to be explored for a better understanding of the dynamics of land use changes. We systematically reviewed the methods of identifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes at quantitative aspects, including model analysis, mathematical statistical method, framework analysis, index assessment and difference comparison. Progress of the previous researches on quantitative evaluation of the contributions was introduced. Then we discussed four defects in the assessment of the contributions of climate change and human activities. For example, the methods were lack of comprehensiveness, and the data need to be more accurate and abundant. In addition, the scale was single and the explanations were biased. Moreover, we concluded a clue about quantitative approach to assess the contributions from synthetically aspect to specific driving forces. Finally, the solutions of the future researches on data, scale and explanation were proposed.展开更多
The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test...The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that has a standard chi-squared limiting distribution. Thus, in making inferences, there is no need to estimate variance explicitly, and inferential procedures are easier to implement. Simulation results show that the approach of this paper is more efficient compared with ANCOVA II due to the sufficient and appropriate use of information.展开更多
文摘The effects of Z11 and AP407 collectors as well as AF65 and AF70 frothers were evaluated in the rougher flotation circuit of the Sungun copper concentrator plant using 2 4 full factorial design.Response functions were produced for both Cu grade and recovery and optimized within the experimental range.The optimum reagent dosages were found to be 12.01 g/t Z11,11 g/t AP407,3 g/t AF65 and 5 g/t AF70 to attain the maximum Cu grade(8.17%).The reagent dosages of 12 g/t Z11,11 g/t AP407,3 g/t AF65 and 15 g/t AF70 produced the maximum Cu recovery(86.44%).The collector distribution demonstrated that the distribution pattern of(32%,32%,20%,16%)can produce the best recovery(87.75%)in comparison to other examined distribution patterns.
文摘Projections of geodetic are important for all countries all over the world, where using system coordinates for solving any problems in measurements of surveying works. Russell projection is one of projections used in some countries. Direct algorithms in this projection use two methods. The first method uses partial differential equation, which is not after six orders in the series. While, the second method uses traditional series （exponential series）, which is very difficult and requires complex statistical analysis. New methodology has been applied for direct algorithms in Russell projection using general law of unlimited algorithms by simple method.
文摘It has been more than half a century since the release of the first Shimadzu UV-VIS （UV-visible） spectrophotometer QB-50 in 1952, and during this time more than 160,000 UV-VIS spectrometers have been produced and installed in a wide variety of different applications. A lot of technical innovations have been implemented to improve the performance and significantly reduce the stray light levels. The latest innovation during development of sophisticated spectrophotometers is based on a new holographic exposure method and optimized etching process which has made it possible to produce both high-efficient and exceptionally low stray light gratings. These LO-RAY-LIGH~ gratings have guaranteed values of stray light at the intermediate position between zero-order and first-order lights. The values are measured by Shimadzu＇s laser stray-light-measuring system. The latest development in the series of UV-VIS spectrophotometers is the UV-2700 which is a true double beam double monochromator system in a compact design for high-precision spectral analysis of a wide range of samples including organic and inorganic compounds, biological samples, optical materials and photovoltaics. The high performance optical system is designed with ＂LO-RAY-LIGH＂ diffraction gratings, featuring highest efficiency and exceptionally low stray light. The spectrophotometer operates in the wavelength range from 185 nm to 900 nm and allows highly sophisticated applications such as direct measurement of high density samples up to 8 absorbance units without dilution.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cental Universities under Grant No.JB140706the National Funds of China for Young Scientists under Grant Nos.11302157 and 11301409
文摘Ordinary differential equation(ODE) are widely used for quantifying HIV viral dynamics.It is interesting but challenging to estimate ODE parameters from noisy data, especially when the data have some outliers. In this study, the authors use the Mean Shift Outlier Model(MSOM) to detect outliers in HIV model based on the two-step estimation of ODE. Approximate formula for shift parameter is derived. Furthermore, a score test statistic is constructed and its approximating distribution is established. The simulation results show that: 1) The boundary points have more impact on the parameter estimation relative to interior points. 2) The proposed procedure can detect the outliers effectively. The authors illustrate the proposed approach using an application example from an HIV clinical trial and find similar pattern to the simulation studies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41401113,No.41371002,No.41471091The Science and Technology Strategic Pilot of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA05090310The Key Project of Physical Geography of Hebei Province
文摘It is important to study the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes in the fields of both climate change and land use change. Relationships between cropland changes and driving forces were qualitatively studied in most of the previous researches. However, the quantitative assessments of the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes are needed to be explored for a better understanding of the dynamics of land use changes. We systematically reviewed the methods of identifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes at quantitative aspects, including model analysis, mathematical statistical method, framework analysis, index assessment and difference comparison. Progress of the previous researches on quantitative evaluation of the contributions was introduced. Then we discussed four defects in the assessment of the contributions of climate change and human activities. For example, the methods were lack of comprehensiveness, and the data need to be more accurate and abundant. In addition, the scale was single and the explanations were biased. Moreover, we concluded a clue about quantitative approach to assess the contributions from synthetically aspect to specific driving forces. Finally, the solutions of the future researches on data, scale and explanation were proposed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10971033)
文摘The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that has a standard chi-squared limiting distribution. Thus, in making inferences, there is no need to estimate variance explicitly, and inferential procedures are easier to implement. Simulation results show that the approach of this paper is more efficient compared with ANCOVA II due to the sufficient and appropriate use of information.
