豌豆不同耐铝品种根尖细胞壁果胶及其甲基酯化度的差异

[目的]研究豌豆不同品种耐铝性和根尖根段耐铝性与果胶及其甲基酯化间的关系,为进一步揭示植物耐铝机理以及耐铝性状的遗传改良提供依据。[方法]以豌豆品种Hyogo和Alaska为试验材料,采用Hoagland培养方式,测定了不同品种不同根段果胶含量、果胶甲基酯化度和果胶甲酯酶活性,研究了其差异及原因。[结果]在15和30μmol/L铝浓度胁迫条件下,豌豆品种Alaska根相对伸长率均显著高于品种Hyogo,同时有根尖0~5 mm和5~10 mm段有更少的胼胝质生成和累积在30μmol/L浓度下不同根段间均达到显著差异,同时品种Hyogo根尖0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm段铝含量均显著高于品种Alaska,说明品种Alaska和品种Hyogo间存在耐铝性差异,其中品种Alaska耐铝性高于品种Hyogo,即品种Hyogo为铝敏感品种,品种Alaska是耐铝品种。比较两者不同根段（0~2.5 mm、2.5~5.0 mm和5.0~10.0 mm）的铝含量与果胶含量、果胶甲基酯化度、PME活性间的关系发现耐铝品种不同根段中的铝含量均小于敏感品种,并且在0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm段间达到显著性差异;根尖不同根段果胶糖醛酸含量大小依次为0~2.5〉2.5~5.0〉5.0~10.0 mm,耐铝品种Alaska根尖细胞壁果胶和未甲酯化果胶含量均显著低于Hyogo,并且0~2.5 mm根段差异最大。根尖不同根段果胶甲基酯化度从根尖向上逐渐降低,并且耐铝品种Alaska高于铝敏感品种Hyogo,其中0~2.5 mm段间的差异达到显著水平;在对两个品种果胶甲基酯化酶（PME）活性进一步分析发现,PME活性大小依次为0~2.5〉2.5~5.0〉5.0~10.0 mm,两品种0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm根段间均达到显著差异。[结论]铝敏感品种Hyogo在0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0mm根段具有较高PME活性和较低果胶甲基酯化程度。豌豆根尖果胶含量和甲基酯化度尤其是0~2.5 mm根段是豌豆耐铝性差异的重要原因;Alaska根尖细胞壁的果胶含量低和果胶甲基酯化度高（尤其是0~2.5 mm段）是其耐铝的重要机制。

Improvement of the physical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) by copolymerization with N-pentafluorophenyl maleimide; zero-orientational and photoelastic birefringence polymers with high glass transition temperatures

Copolymers of N-pentafluorophenyl maleimide (PFPMI) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized by a free radical initiator, such as AIBN. The refractive indexes of the copolymers remained nearly constant (1.4970 at 532 nm) regardless of the polymer composition. These copolymers also showed high thermal stability. The orientational and photoelastic birefringence of the copolymers obtained were measured. Since both of the orientational and photoelastic birefringences of PMMA are negative whereas poly(PFPMI) exhibits positive, thus we have obtained nearly zero orientational and photoelastic birefringence polymers when the ratios of MMA/PFPMI were 91.8/8.2 and 97.0/3.0 mol%, respectively. Based on the experimental data, the ratios of MMA/PFPMI for zero birefringence were determined to be 88.9/11.1 and 93.8/6.2 mol% for orientational and photoelastic birefringence, respectively. The Tgs of corresponding copolymers were estimated to be 128 and 122 ℃.