甲橙提取比色法测定药材和成药中总生物碱

用生物碱的离子对试剂,以乙酸—乙酸铵缓冲的饱和甲橙溶液,代替有机溶媒和酸碱,直接从附子、马钱子、黄连、延胡索及其成药中提取生物碱。按色素在缓冲液和氯仿中不同溶解度,分别在原容器或滤液中将甲澄—生物碱络合物转溶于氯仿,在421或460nm处比色;对两相均溶有色素的试样,则再以稀酸反提氯仿液中络合物,在505或520nm处比色定量。

二甲苯酚橙分光光度法测定水样中的钙

在pH值为 10 .8的NH3 NH4Cl缓冲溶液介质中 ,Ca2 + 与二甲苯酚橙 (XO)及溴化十六烷基吡啶 (CPB)生成蓝色的三元配合物 ,其组成比例约为n(Ca2 + ) n(XO) n(CPB) =1 2 6 ,其最大吸收波长为 6 10nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 4.2 0× 10 4L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 .Ca2 + 含量在 0～ 0 .6 0 μg mL范围内符合比尔定律 .相对标准偏差≤ 3.7% .

表面活性剂增敏二甲酚橙显色测定磺胺嘧啶

本文利用光度法研究了在氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）分别存在下，磺胺嘧啶（SD）和二甲酚橙（XO）的显色反应体系。实验结果表明：在中性介质中XO—SD—CPC、XO—SD—CTAB体系的显色反应快速、灵敏、稳定，吸光度明显增强，SD质量浓度分别在0～5．0mg·L^-1、0～2．0mg·L^-1范围内符合比耳定律。两种方法用于片剂中磺胺嘧啶的测定，结果令人满意。

二甲苯酚橙的精制

精制(一称提纯)为的是要获得纯度较高的物质。市售试剂或多或少含有从制备中带来的杂质。如果杂质的量足以影响使用,则在使用前予以精制,使其杂质量减少至可允许的程度。例如欲测定三元络合物的组成比时,如果其中任一成分不纯,自然要影响组成比的可靠性。又如用不纯物质测定物理常数和化学性质均属白费精力,反而给文献添加困扰。再举一例,化学法测定原子量系依据化合比,所以所用试剂包括水均需在实验室中用市售分析纯试剂自行精制。自然,精制是无止境的,但纯度越高,价格越昂。因此在化学试验中。

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe, La Co-doped Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.

Modification of ACFs by chemical vapor deposition and its application for removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution

Viscose activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were characterized using specific surface area, scanning electron modified with chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. The samples were microscopy （SEM）, pore size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of modified ACFs for methyl orange（MO） from its aqueous solutions. The results show that the adsorption isotherms of MO onto modified ACFs well follows the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetics of MO can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process involves the intra-particle diffusion, but is not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic parameters including AG, AH and AS were calculated, suggesting that the adsorption of MO onto modified ACFs is a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption process. FTIR result indicates that the major adsorption mechanism of modified ACFs for MO is hydrogen bond.

分光光度法测定水中钙含量

本文分别选用偶氮胂Ⅲ、二甲苯酚橙及溴化十六烷基吡啶和钙指示剂作为显色剂对钙进行显色,用标准曲线法测定水中的钙含量。

Comparative Studies on Degradation of Methyl Orange by Nanostructured Zinc and Zinc Oxide Films

Nanostructured zinc and zinc oxide films were prepared by magnetron sputtering processes and succeeded air annealing treatments. Comparison of reductive degradation rate of methyl orange （MO） by zinc films and photocatalytic degradation rate of MO by zinc oxide films was carried out. Both reductive degradation and photocatalytic degradation process of MO by zinc and zinc oxide films can be described by first order kinetic model. It was found that although MO liquid was most quickly decolorized by metallic zinc films, the mineraliza- tion of MO was not thorough. Observation of extra ultraviolet absorption peaks indicated the formation of aromatic intermediates. On the other hand, although the photocatalytic degradation rate of MO liquid by ZnO films was only as about 1/4 large as the reductive degradation rate by zinc films, no signs of aromatic intermediates were found. Moreover, it was found that partially oxidized zinc oxide film showed higher photocatalytic efficiency than the totally oxidized ZnO films. Synergy effect between zinc and zinc oxide phase in the partially oxidized films was considered to be responsible for the higher photocatalytic efficiency.

葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制备与含量测定方法

本文报告了葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制法及用二甲橙指示剂法测定含量的方法。结果表明制法简便,含量测定方法准确。

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of BiOCl catalyst

The BiOCl powders prepared by the hydrolysis method were investigated with the X-ray diffractometry（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and differential thermal analysis（TG？DTA）.The results show that the powders are of the tetragonal primitive crystal structure,composed of homogeneous particles of fine ferrite plates,and stable in the temperature range of 40？600 ℃.In addition,the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl powders was evaluated by methyl orange（MO） in aqueous solution illuminated by xenon-lamp,and the effect of the BiOCl amount on the photocatalytic activity was investigated.Moreover,the photocatalytic properties of BiOCl and TiO2-P25 were also compared.The results show that the favorite amount of BiOCl powders is 1.0 g/L for the MO degradation,and the photocatalytic activity of the BiOCl catalyst is comparable to the TiO2-P25 catalyst under the same experiment condition.

碱溶液中微量铝的分光光度测定

本文研究了二甲酚橙分光光度法测定微量铝的方法.我们用这种方法对碱溶液中的微量铝进行了测定.结果表明,该法可测定碱性溶液中微量铝,并具有简便、快速、准确度较高的优点.

Fabrication of a β-Bi_2O_3/BiOI heterojunction and its efficient photocatalysis for organic dye removal

To improve β-Bi2O3 photocatalysis,we couple β-Bi2O3 with BiO I to form β-Bi2O3/BiO I heterojunctions through an in-situ treatment with hydriodic acid. The prepared heterojunctions are characterized with X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,ultra violet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Upon visible-light irradiation（λ 420 nm）,the β-Bi2O3/BiO I heterojunctions,especially with the molar ratio of HI to β-Bi2O3 at 0.4,exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than pure β-Bi2O3 and BiO I for the degradation of methyl orange. The efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs across the interface of the heterojunction between β-Bi2O3 and BiO I would be responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performances.

Novel visible-light-responding InVO_4-Cu_2O-TiO_2 ternary nanoheterostructure: Preparation and photocatalytic characteristics

A novel visible-light-responding InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 ternary nanoheterostructure was designed on the basis of the strategy of energy gap engineering and prepared through ordinary wet chemistry methods. The as-prepared nanoheterostructure was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV-vis/DRS）. The TEM and HRTEM images of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 confirm the formation of nanoheterostructures resulting from contact of the nanosized TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4 in the size of 5–20 nm in diameter. The InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 nanoheterostructure, when compared with TiO2, Cu2O, InVO4, InVO4-TiO2 and Cu2O-TiO2, shows significant enhancement in the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methyl orange（MO） under visible-light irradiation. With a 9 W energy-saving fluorescent lamp as the visible-light source, the MO degradation rate of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reaches close to 90% during 5 h, and the photocatalytic efficiency is maintained at over 90% after six cycles. This may be mainly ascribed to the matched bandgap configurations of TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4, and the formations of two p-n junctions by the p-type semiconductor Cu2O with the n-type semiconductors TiO2 and InVO4, all of which favor spatial photogenerated charge carrier separation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） characterization for the used 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reveals that only a small shakeup satellite peak appears for Cu（II） species, implying bearable photocorrosion of Cu2O. This work could provide new insight into the design and preparation of novel visible-light-responding semiconductor composites.

Synthesis of novel p-n heterojunction m-Bi_2O_4/BiOCl nanocomposite with excellent photocatalytic activity through ion-etching method

A novel p‐n heterostructure photocatalyst m‐Bi2O4/BiOCl was successfully synthetized through a facile ion‐etching method.Via adjusting the added volume of HCl solution,a series of different ratios of composite photocatalysts were obtained.The as‐prepared samples of physical,chemical and optical characteristics were examined by X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy,selected‐area electron diffraction,Fourier transform infrared absorption,Raman microscope,N2 adsorption‐desorption,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV‐vis spectrum technologies.The photocatalysts showed high degradation rate and complete mineralization ability for methyl orange and tetracycline solution under visible light.The reaction rate constant of m‐Bi2O4/BiOCl for methyl orange was 52.28 times higher than that of BiOCl.The characterization presented a good stability of materials.Furthermore,the photocurrent response test certified that the heterostructure effectively accelerated the separation and migration of photo‐generated carries.The scavenger experiments evidenced that hole(h+)and superoxide radical(?O2?)were the primary active radicals.A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.This work provided an alternative photocatalyst applied to water environmental remediation.

Pt/Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10) composite nanosheets with significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

Efficient composite semiconductor photocatalysts are highly desirable for the visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst was prepared via a hydrothermal method and modified with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) through a facile deposition procedure. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance. The 1.0 wt% Pt/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst showed the highest activity for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light (source: 300 W Xe lamp coupled with a UV-cutoff filter), and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency improved about 2.2 times compared to that of pure Bi24O31Cl10. The composite photocatalyst could maintain most of its activity after four runs of the photocatalytic experimental cycle. This study could provide a novel insight for the modification of other desirable semiconductor materials to achieve high photocatalytic activities.

Preparation of BiPO4/graphene photoelectrode and its photoelectrocatalyitic performance

In this work, a two-step electrodeposition method was employed to prepare BiPO4 nanorod/reduced graphene oxide/FTO composite electrodes(BiPO4/r GO/FTO). The BiPO4/r GO/FTO composite electrode showed the higher photoelectrocatalytic(PEC) activity for the removal of methyl orange than pure BiPO4, which was 2.8 times higher than that of BiPO4/FTO electrode. The effects of working voltage and BiPO4 deposition time on the degradation efficiency of methyl orange were investigated. The optimum BiPO4 deposition time was 45 min and the optimum working voltage was 1.2 V. The trapping experiments showed that hydroxyl radicals(·OH) and superoxide radicals(·O2-) were the major reactive species in PEC degradation process. The BiPO4/r GO/FTO composite electrode showed the high stability and its methyl orange removal efficiency remained unchanged after four testing cycles. The reasons for the enhanced PEC efficiency of the BiPO4/r GO/FTO composite electrode was ascribed to the broad visible-light absorption range, the rapid transmission of photogenerated charges, and the mixed BiPO4 phase by the introduction of r GO in the composite electrode films.

Adsorption Behavior of Methyl Orange onto Modified Ultrafine Coal Powder

The adsorption of methyl orange onto ultrafine coal powder （UCP） and modified ultrafine coal powder （MUCP） from aqueous solutions were studied, in which the influence of contact time, dosage, temperature, pH, and methyl orange concentration in the solution were investigated. The adsorption kinetics of methyl orange by UCP and MUCP can be described by the Lagergren first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of methyl orange onto MUCP at 303, 313 and 323 K follow the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation. Values of △G^0 for methyl orange adsorption onto MUCP are -22.55, -23.10 and -23.79 kJ·mol^-1 at 303, 313, and 323 K, respectively. The values of △H^0 and △S^0 are -3.74 kJ· mol^-1 and 61.99 J·mol^-1, respectively. The adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.

Kinetic Modeling of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Supported TiO2

The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange （MO） in UV/Supported-TiO2 system was investigated and a kinetic model was presented. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic degradation rate is favored by high concentration of dye in solution and is enhanced by the solution temperature. A simple kinetic model has been proposed which can describe the discoloration process in an adequate way. The calculated results obtained were in good agreement with experimental data. The model predicts the concentration of MO during the photocatalytic degradation process.