[Objective] The paper was to introduce the research progress of 2009 influenza A virus. [Method] 2009 influenza A virus was introduced from the aspects of classification and host, virology, molecular characteristics a...[Objective] The paper was to introduce the research progress of 2009 influenza A virus. [Method] 2009 influenza A virus was introduced from the aspects of classification and host, virology, molecular characteristics and vaccine. [Result] A novel influenza A/H1N1 virus emerged in early April 2009 quickly spread worldwide through human-to-human transmission. The virus contained a group of novel gene segments, the nearest known precursor was the virus found in swine. The virus appeared to retain the potential to infect swine again and thus continued reassort with swine viruses. All registered 2009 influenza A vaccines were tested for safety and immunogenicity in clinical trials on human volunteers, and all vaccines were found to be safe, single dose of vaccine could cause protective antibody responses. [Conclusion] The paper provided basis for further study on 2009 influenza A virus.展开更多
Functionalized carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were made for the delivery of genes and drugs and CNT-based biosensors. The basis of CNTs is for binding with biomolecules in biomedical applications. The binding tendency with...Functionalized carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were made for the delivery of genes and drugs and CNT-based biosensors. The basis of CNTs is for binding with biomolecules in biomedical applications. The binding tendency with small interfering RNA oligonucleotides and cytotoxicity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that a SWNT suspension in CTAB solution was well-dispersed and stable. CTAB is the cross-linker between SWNTs and oligonucleotides. The CTAB-coated SWNTs have less cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells than single SWNTs and the cytotoxicity of CTAB-coated SWNTs depended on the concentration of CTAB-coated SWNTs.展开更多
Thirty species of dinoflagellate cysts in 15 genus are identified from KMZK5 Core samples of recent marine sediment at the Luoyuan Bay mouth, Fujian. All of these dinoflagellate cysts are first recorded in the Luyuan ...Thirty species of dinoflagellate cysts in 15 genus are identified from KMZK5 Core samples of recent marine sediment at the Luoyuan Bay mouth, Fujian. All of these dinoflagellate cysts are first recorded in the Luyuan Bay, 12 species of them are not distributing in the near sea area such as Sansha Bay and Minjiang estuary, including 6 kinds of toxic species, such as Alexandrium affine, A. minutum, A. tamarense, Gonyaulax spinifera, Gymnodinium catenatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea. The abundance and vertical distribution characterestics of the main and the toxic dinoflgellate cysts are also studied in the paper.展开更多
AIM： To undertake analysis of hepatitis A viral load, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and viral genotypes with duration of viremia, and to correlate these parameters with CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ lymphocyte populations that ...AIM： To undertake analysis of hepatitis A viral load, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and viral genotypes with duration of viremia, and to correlate these parameters with CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ lymphocyte populations that control cell-mediated immunity. METHODS： Cell counts were carried out using fresh whole blood collected in EDTA vials using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Hepatitis A virus （HAV） RNA was extracted from blood serum, reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantified by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and was genotyped. RESULTS： Among 11 patients, 10 could be analyzed completely. Of these, 3 had severe acute hepatitis （s-AH） and the remainder had a self-limited acute hepatitis A （AHA）, with one patient with fulminant disease （encephalopathy Grade IV） dying on the 4^th d. The ALT level was significantly higher both in AHA （1070.9±894.3; P = 0.0014） and s-AH （1713.9±886.3; P = 0.001） compared to normal controls （23.6±7.2）. The prothrombin time in s-AH patients （21.0 ±2.0; P=0.02） was significantly higher than in AHA （14.3±1.1;P = 0.44）. The CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio in AHA patients （1.17 ＋ 0.11; P = 0.22） and s-AH （0.83 ＋ 0.12; P = 0.0002） were lower than seen in normal healthy controls （1.52）. Self-limited cases had peak viral load at the beginning of analysis while in s-AH patients this occurred at the 15TM or 30^th d. In acute and severe groups, one patient each belonged to genotype IA, with the remaining 8 cases belonging to genotype IIIA. The only fulminant hepatic failure case belonged to genotype IA. HAV viral load and AIT values collected during the entire course of the selflimited infection were directly correlated but this was not the case for s-AH patients.CONCLUSION： Based on a small-scale study, the persistently higher viral load of s-AH might be due to diminished cellular immunity and hemolysis. The duration of viremia was dependent on the host, as the viral genotype had no apparent role in clinical outcome of AVH and s-AH cases.展开更多
To describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis A virus （HAV）. A case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in assoc...To describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis A virus （HAV）. A case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in association with hepatitis A and other hepatotropic viruses. Soon a^er the administration of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, a man who had recently recovered from an uncharacterized but self-limiting hepatitic illness, experienced a severe deterioration （AST 1687 U/L, INR 1.4）. Anti-nuclear antibodies were detectable, and liver biopsy was compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. The observation supports the role of HAV as a trigger of autoimmune hepatitis. Studies in helper T-cell activity and antibody expression against hepatic proteins in the context of hepatitis A infection are summarized, and the concept of molecular mimicry with regard to other forms of viral hepatitis and autoimmunity is briefly explored.展开更多
Imatinib mesylate is a drug that has been approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, accelerated or chronic phase, and also for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Severe hepatic t...Imatinib mesylate is a drug that has been approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, accelerated or chronic phase, and also for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Severe hepatic toxicity and three deaths from hepatic failure have been reported. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who was admitted to our institution with severe acute hepatitis. She was diagnosed with CML and began treatment with imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg/d. Five months after beginning treatment, she developed severe hepatitis associated with coagulopathy, and was admitted to our institution. She had been consuming acetaminophen 500-1000 mg/d after the onset of symptoms. She had a progressive increase in bilirubin level and a marked decrease of clotting factor Ⅴ. Five days after admission, grade Ⅱ encephalopathy developed and she was referred for liver transplantation. Her clinical condition progressively deteriorated, and 48 h after being referred for transplantation she suffered a cardiac arrest and died. This report adds concern about the possibility of imatinib-mesylate-induced hepatotoxicity and liver failure, particularly in the case of concomitant use with acetaminophen. Liver function tests should be carefully monitored during treatment and, with the appearance of any elevation of liver function tests, treatment should be discontinued.展开更多
The cytotoxicities of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） and acid purified single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT-COOH） were investigated by spectroscopic analysis. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were applied...The cytotoxicities of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） and acid purified single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT-COOH） were investigated by spectroscopic analysis. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were applied to assessing the cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） and acid purified carbon nanotubes modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （SWNT-COOH/CTAB）. The results indicate that SWNTs are more toxic than SWNT-COOH. Concentration and time-curve analyses indicate that cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH/CTAB is more related to the toxicity of the surfactant CTAB. The cytotoxicity effect of CTAB and SWNT-COOH/CTAB is acceptable at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）. The cytotoxicity observation suggests that SWNT-COOH/CTAB can safely applied to biomedical field at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）.展开更多
AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total nu...AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total number of 137 patients, including 37 patients with acute viral hepatitis （AVH）, 37 patients with chronic viral hepatitis （CVH）, 31 patients with cirrhosis of liver and 32 patients with fulminant hepatic failure （FHF）, were analyzed both for TTV-DNA and hepatitis A-E viral markers. Presence of hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV） and hepatitis E virus （HEV） infections was detected in different proportions in different groups. Moreover, rrV-DNA was simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors also. RESULTS： None of the patients had hepatitis A virus （HAV） and hepatitis D virus （HDV） infections. Overall prevalence of TTV-DNA was detected in 27.1% cases with AVH, 18.9% cases with CVH, 48.4% cases with cirrhosis and 9.4% cases with FHF. TTV-DNA simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors showed 27% positivity. On establishing a relation between TTV infection with other hepatitis viral infections, TTV demonstrated co-infection with HBV, HCV and HEV in these disease groups. Correlation of TTV with ALT level in sera did not demonstrate high ALT level in TTV-infected patients, suggesting that TI-V does not cause severe liver damage. CONCLUSION： TTV infection is prevalent both in patients and healthy individuals in India. However, it does not have any significant correlation with other hepatitis viral infections, nor does it produce an evidence of severe liver damage in patients with liver diseases.展开更多
AIM： To investigate in children with acute hepatitis A. According to our knowledge, there are no data about the blood levels of malondialdehyde （MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress） and nonenzymic antioxidants in...AIM： To investigate in children with acute hepatitis A. According to our knowledge, there are no data about the blood levels of malondialdehyde （MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress） and nonenzymic antioxidants in children with acute hepatitis A. METHODS： Whole blood MDA and reduced glutathione （GSH）, serum β-carotene, retinol, vitamin E and vitamin C levels were studied in 19 （10 females, 9 males） children with acute hepatitis A and in 29 （β females, 16 males） healthy control subjects. RESULTS： There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls for all parameters （P 〈 0.05）. Lipid peroxidation marker MDA was significantly elevated （P 〈 0.001）, while antioxidants β-carotene, retinol and GSH were significantly decreased （all P 〈 0.001） in patients compared to healthy subjects. In addition, o-tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower in patients when compared to age and sex matched controls （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Our study shows that hepatitis A virus induces oxidative stress in childern with hepatitis A. This finding could be taken into consideration to improve the therapeutic approach in acute hepatitis A.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070619)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to introduce the research progress of 2009 influenza A virus. [Method] 2009 influenza A virus was introduced from the aspects of classification and host, virology, molecular characteristics and vaccine. [Result] A novel influenza A/H1N1 virus emerged in early April 2009 quickly spread worldwide through human-to-human transmission. The virus contained a group of novel gene segments, the nearest known precursor was the virus found in swine. The virus appeared to retain the potential to infect swine again and thus continued reassort with swine viruses. All registered 2009 influenza A vaccines were tested for safety and immunogenicity in clinical trials on human volunteers, and all vaccines were found to be safe, single dose of vaccine could cause protective antibody responses. [Conclusion] The paper provided basis for further study on 2009 influenza A virus.
基金Project (30770838) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (2008WK2003) supported by Hunan Science and Technology Foundation, China+1 种基金 Project (2010QZZD006) supported by the Key Program of Central South University Advancing Front Foundation, China Project (200806) supported by Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, China
文摘Functionalized carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were made for the delivery of genes and drugs and CNT-based biosensors. The basis of CNTs is for binding with biomolecules in biomedical applications. The binding tendency with small interfering RNA oligonucleotides and cytotoxicity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that a SWNT suspension in CTAB solution was well-dispersed and stable. CTAB is the cross-linker between SWNTs and oligonucleotides. The CTAB-coated SWNTs have less cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells than single SWNTs and the cytotoxicity of CTAB-coated SWNTs depended on the concentration of CTAB-coated SWNTs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the contract No.40306018 the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under the contract No.2001F001.
文摘Thirty species of dinoflagellate cysts in 15 genus are identified from KMZK5 Core samples of recent marine sediment at the Luoyuan Bay mouth, Fujian. All of these dinoflagellate cysts are first recorded in the Luyuan Bay, 12 species of them are not distributing in the near sea area such as Sansha Bay and Minjiang estuary, including 6 kinds of toxic species, such as Alexandrium affine, A. minutum, A. tamarense, Gonyaulax spinifera, Gymnodinium catenatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea. The abundance and vertical distribution characterestics of the main and the toxic dinoflgellate cysts are also studied in the paper.
文摘AIM： To undertake analysis of hepatitis A viral load, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and viral genotypes with duration of viremia, and to correlate these parameters with CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ lymphocyte populations that control cell-mediated immunity. METHODS： Cell counts were carried out using fresh whole blood collected in EDTA vials using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Hepatitis A virus （HAV） RNA was extracted from blood serum, reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantified by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and was genotyped. RESULTS： Among 11 patients, 10 could be analyzed completely. Of these, 3 had severe acute hepatitis （s-AH） and the remainder had a self-limited acute hepatitis A （AHA）, with one patient with fulminant disease （encephalopathy Grade IV） dying on the 4^th d. The ALT level was significantly higher both in AHA （1070.9±894.3; P = 0.0014） and s-AH （1713.9±886.3; P = 0.001） compared to normal controls （23.6±7.2）. The prothrombin time in s-AH patients （21.0 ±2.0; P=0.02） was significantly higher than in AHA （14.3±1.1;P = 0.44）. The CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio in AHA patients （1.17 ＋ 0.11; P = 0.22） and s-AH （0.83 ＋ 0.12; P = 0.0002） were lower than seen in normal healthy controls （1.52）. Self-limited cases had peak viral load at the beginning of analysis while in s-AH patients this occurred at the 15TM or 30^th d. In acute and severe groups, one patient each belonged to genotype IA, with the remaining 8 cases belonging to genotype IIIA. The only fulminant hepatic failure case belonged to genotype IA. HAV viral load and AIT values collected during the entire course of the selflimited infection were directly correlated but this was not the case for s-AH patients.CONCLUSION： Based on a small-scale study, the persistently higher viral load of s-AH might be due to diminished cellular immunity and hemolysis. The duration of viremia was dependent on the host, as the viral genotype had no apparent role in clinical outcome of AVH and s-AH cases.
文摘To describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis A virus （HAV）. A case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in association with hepatitis A and other hepatotropic viruses. Soon a^er the administration of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, a man who had recently recovered from an uncharacterized but self-limiting hepatitic illness, experienced a severe deterioration （AST 1687 U/L, INR 1.4）. Anti-nuclear antibodies were detectable, and liver biopsy was compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. The observation supports the role of HAV as a trigger of autoimmune hepatitis. Studies in helper T-cell activity and antibody expression against hepatic proteins in the context of hepatitis A infection are summarized, and the concept of molecular mimicry with regard to other forms of viral hepatitis and autoimmunity is briefly explored.
文摘Imatinib mesylate is a drug that has been approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, accelerated or chronic phase, and also for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Severe hepatic toxicity and three deaths from hepatic failure have been reported. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who was admitted to our institution with severe acute hepatitis. She was diagnosed with CML and began treatment with imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg/d. Five months after beginning treatment, she developed severe hepatitis associated with coagulopathy, and was admitted to our institution. She had been consuming acetaminophen 500-1000 mg/d after the onset of symptoms. She had a progressive increase in bilirubin level and a marked decrease of clotting factor Ⅴ. Five days after admission, grade Ⅱ encephalopathy developed and she was referred for liver transplantation. Her clinical condition progressively deteriorated, and 48 h after being referred for transplantation she suffered a cardiac arrest and died. This report adds concern about the possibility of imatinib-mesylate-induced hepatotoxicity and liver failure, particularly in the case of concomitant use with acetaminophen. Liver function tests should be carefully monitored during treatment and, with the appearance of any elevation of liver function tests, treatment should be discontinued.
基金Project(81172546)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20120162110078)supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China+1 种基金Project(2011ssxp198)supported by the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(13JJ2015)supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The cytotoxicities of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） and acid purified single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT-COOH） were investigated by spectroscopic analysis. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were applied to assessing the cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） and acid purified carbon nanotubes modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （SWNT-COOH/CTAB）. The results indicate that SWNTs are more toxic than SWNT-COOH. Concentration and time-curve analyses indicate that cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH/CTAB is more related to the toxicity of the surfactant CTAB. The cytotoxicity effect of CTAB and SWNT-COOH/CTAB is acceptable at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）. The cytotoxicity observation suggests that SWNT-COOH/CTAB can safely applied to biomedical field at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）.
基金Supported by financial grant from ICMR, New Delhi 110049
文摘AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total number of 137 patients, including 37 patients with acute viral hepatitis （AVH）, 37 patients with chronic viral hepatitis （CVH）, 31 patients with cirrhosis of liver and 32 patients with fulminant hepatic failure （FHF）, were analyzed both for TTV-DNA and hepatitis A-E viral markers. Presence of hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV） and hepatitis E virus （HEV） infections was detected in different proportions in different groups. Moreover, rrV-DNA was simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors also. RESULTS： None of the patients had hepatitis A virus （HAV） and hepatitis D virus （HDV） infections. Overall prevalence of TTV-DNA was detected in 27.1% cases with AVH, 18.9% cases with CVH, 48.4% cases with cirrhosis and 9.4% cases with FHF. TTV-DNA simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors showed 27% positivity. On establishing a relation between TTV infection with other hepatitis viral infections, TTV demonstrated co-infection with HBV, HCV and HEV in these disease groups. Correlation of TTV with ALT level in sera did not demonstrate high ALT level in TTV-infected patients, suggesting that TI-V does not cause severe liver damage. CONCLUSION： TTV infection is prevalent both in patients and healthy individuals in India. However, it does not have any significant correlation with other hepatitis viral infections, nor does it produce an evidence of severe liver damage in patients with liver diseases.
文摘AIM： To investigate in children with acute hepatitis A. According to our knowledge, there are no data about the blood levels of malondialdehyde （MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress） and nonenzymic antioxidants in children with acute hepatitis A. METHODS： Whole blood MDA and reduced glutathione （GSH）, serum β-carotene, retinol, vitamin E and vitamin C levels were studied in 19 （10 females, 9 males） children with acute hepatitis A and in 29 （β females, 16 males） healthy control subjects. RESULTS： There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls for all parameters （P 〈 0.05）. Lipid peroxidation marker MDA was significantly elevated （P 〈 0.001）, while antioxidants β-carotene, retinol and GSH were significantly decreased （all P 〈 0.001） in patients compared to healthy subjects. In addition, o-tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower in patients when compared to age and sex matched controls （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Our study shows that hepatitis A virus induces oxidative stress in childern with hepatitis A. This finding could be taken into consideration to improve the therapeutic approach in acute hepatitis A.
