(Z)-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione protects rats from carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrogenesis

AIM： To evaluate the hepatoprotective roles of （Z）- 5-（4-methoxybenzylidene）thiazolidine-2,4-dione （SKLB010） against carbon tetrachloride （CCI4）-induced acute and chronic liver injury and its underlying mecha- nisms of action.

The Supramolecular Arrangement of Methane Halides in Liquid Phase

The IR spectroscopic data indicate the tautomeric transformations of typical aprotonic organic fluids such as methane halides with gross formulas CHX3 （X = Cl, Br）, CH2X2 （X = CI, Br, I） and CCl4 at normal conditions. These transformations lead to the appearance in molecules of activated hydrogen atoms similar in the spectral behaviour to the bounded proton. The classical analysis of IR bands in 5000-600 cm^-1 region, for studied samples and their deuterated derivatives, proves the existence in the presented organic fluids of hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds. This bonding promotes the formation of supramolecular structure in methane halides. The mechanism of unusual binding in liquid phase in terms of common knowledge for the basic chemical properties of the examined compounds is discussed.

Study of Dissolved Chlorofluorocarbons in Lake Washington

Measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), along with methyl chloroform (CH 3CCl 3) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) were made in water samples from Lake Washington, using Electron Capture-Gas Chromatography (EC-GC). The samples were collected in mid-autumn, a period when the lake’s upper layer undergoes rapid cooling. At the time of sampling, a strong vertical temperature gradient was present in the lake, with surface temperatures of ～14℃, and near bottom (50 meters) temperatures of ～8℃. The concentrations of dissolved CFC-12 and CFC-11 increased with depth, as expected from the higher solubilities of these gases at lower temperatures. Atmospheric measurements made at the sampling site at the time of the cruise, showed that CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations in the near surface samples were 100 % and 106%, respectively. For the deepest sample (52 meters) CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations were 102 % and 126 %. Because the surface layer of the lake responds to changes in atmospheric CFCs on a time scale of several weeks, the higher than equilibrium concentrations of CFC-12 observed at the time of sampling may reflect earlier episodes of elevated levels of atmospheric CFC-12 in this urban area. High concentrations of dissolved CFCs in runoff or industrial effluent might also lead to elevated CFC levels in the lake. The cold, deep water of Lake Washington is relatively isolated from the effects of surface gas exchange except during winter, and the supersaturations observed in the deep layer may reflect periods of elevated atmospheric CFC-12 levels from the previous winter season. These results were compared to summertime profiles of CFC-11 and CFC-12 made in 1994.

Effect of Avocado （Persea Americana）, Cabbage （Brassica Oleracea） and Ginger （Zingiber Officinale） on Rat Liver and Thyroid Injuries Induced by CCI4 （Carbon Tetrachloride）

Avocado, Cabbage, and Ginger are a part of a regular human diet and have antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The effect of AVOE （avocado）, GE （Ginger） and CE （Cabbage） extracts separately on liver NO （nitric oxide）, MDA （malondialdehyde）, as well as serum AST （aspartate aminotransferase）, ALT （alanine aminotransferase）, total bilirubin, TC （total cholesterol）, T.G （triglyceride）, HDL cholesterol （high-density lipoprotein）, LDL cholesterol （low-density lipoprotein）, TSH （thyroid-stimulating hormone）, T3 （Triiodothyronine）, T4 （Thyroxine） in rats treated and untreated with CC14 （carbon tetrachloride） was studied. The levels of NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, LDL, and TSH, showed an elevation while, HDL, T3 and T4 showed the decline in rats treated with CC14 as compared to control. Treatment of rats with AVOE and GE pre, during, and post CC14 administration improve NO, MDA, as well as serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, TC, T.G, HDL, LDL, TSH, T3, T4 as compared to CC14. Treatment of rats with CE pre, during, and post CC14 administration did not improve in the thyroid hormones and lipid profile levels as compared to CC14. These findings suggest that avocado and ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing oxidative stress.

Adsorption and Transfer Properties for Toluene and pDichlorobenzene in Dense CO_2/Silica Gel Packed Bed System by Moment Method and Time-Domain Analysis

Based on chromatographic theory, the moment method and the time-domain fitting analysis were applied to measure and evaluate the adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties (axial dispersion coefficient and effective intra-particle diffusivity) for toluene and p-dichlorobenzene on silica gel adsorbent in the subcritical and supercritical CO2. An apparatus based on supercritical fluid chromatography was established and the experiments were performed at temperatures of 298.15-318.15 K and pressures of 7.5-17.8 MPa. The two methods have been compared. The results show that for the systems studied here the moment method can give reasonable values for both adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties, but the time-domain analysis only can obtain the adsorption equilibrium constant. The dependence of adsorption equilibrium constant and mass transfer properties on temperature and pressure was investigated.