吉尔吉斯斯坦开始分片区限电

自2008年8月26日起，吉尔吉斯斯坦的比什凯克市、楚河州和塔拉斯州开始分片区限电，但国家政权机关、一类战略设施、国防和医疗卫生设施、司法部所属的监狱和看押所、疗养院、铁路和民航部门等不受限电措施的影响。这一措施要执行到今年11月入冬前，但如果天冷得早，就不再限电了。吉北方电力局解释说，采取限电措施是“为了维持托克托古尔水库的必要水位，保证冬季的连续供电”。今年夏季，吉北部地区，尤其是比什凯克市，已经严重超过了用电限额。

Co-MOF as an electron donor for promoting visible-light photoactivities of g-C3N4 nanosheets for CO2 reduction

A possible mechanism for boosting the visible-light photoactivities of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)nanosheets for CO2 reduction via coupling with the electron donor Co-metal-organic framework(MOF)is proposed in this study.Specifically,Co-MOF as an electron donor is capable of transferring the photogenerated electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)to the conduction band of g-C3N4 to facilitate charge separation.As expected,the prepared Co-MOF/g-C3N4 nanocomposites display excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities.The CO production rate of 6.75μmol g–1 h–1 and CH4 evolution rate of 5.47μmol g–1 h–1 are obtained,which are approximately 2 times those obtained with the original g-C3N4 under the same conditions.Based on a series of analyses,it is shown that the introduction of Co-MOF not only broadens the range of visible-light absorption but also enhances the charge separation,which improves the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 to a higher level.In particular,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)experiment was operated under 590 nm(single-wavelength)irradiation,which further proved that the photogenerated electrons in the LUMO of Co-MOF can successfully migrate to g-C3N4.This work may provide an important strategy for the design of highly efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.

Fast preparation of photopolymerized monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography

Photopolymerized sol-gel(PSG) columns were prepared using methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as the monomer,toluene as the porogen and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst.Four different photoinitiators such as benzoin methyl ether,Irgacure 819,Irgacure 1700 and Irgacure 1800 were comparatively used in the reaction solution in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.The above eight solutions were respectively irradiated at 365 nm for 5?10 min in each capillary(75 μm inside diameter) to prepare the porous monolithic sol-gel column by a one-step,in situ,process.The chromatographic behavior of the eight PSG columns were comparatively studied,all of which exhibit reversed-phase character.Using these columns,several neutral compounds,namely thiourea,benzene,toluene,ethyl benzene,biphenyl and naphthalene can be separated from mixtures with a largest column efficiency of 74 470 plate/column for thiourea.Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the polymerization process has a significant influence on the morphology and migration time.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Offshore Wind Turbine Blades

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.

Synthesis of Ni^2+cation modified TS-1 molecular sieve nanosheets as effective photocatalysts for alcohol oxidation and pollutant degradation

lmprovement of the charge separation of titanosilicate molecular sieves is critical to their use asphotocatalysts for oxidative organic transformations.In this work,MFI TS-1 molecular sievenanosheets(TS-1 NS)were synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method using a tai-lored diquaternary ammonium surfactant as the structure-directing agent.Introducing Ni^2+cationsat the ion-exchange sites of the TS-1 NS framework significantly enhanced its photoactivity in aero-bic alcohol oxidation.The optimized Ni cation-functionalized TS-1 NS(Ni/TS-1 NS)provide impres-sive photoactivity,with a benzyl alcohol(BA)conversion of 78.9%and benzyl aldehyde(BAD)se-lectivity of 98.8%using O as the only oxidant under full light irradiation;this BAD yield is approx-imately six times greater than that obtained for bulk TS-1,and is maintained for five runs.The ex-cellent photoactivity of Ni/TS-1 NS is attributed to the significantly enlarged surface area of thetwo-dimensional morphology TS-1 NS,extra mesopores,and greatly improved charge separation.Compared with bulk TS-1,Ni/TS-1 NS has a much shorter charge transfer distance.Theas-introduced Ni species could capture the photoelectrons to further improve the charge separa-tion.This work opens the way to a class of highly selective,robust,and low-cost titanosilicate mo-lecular sieve-based photocatalysts with industrial potential for selective oxidative transformationsand pollutant degradation.

Reliability-aware mapping and links voltage assignment for energy-efficient networks-on-chip

As feature sizes shrink,low energy consumption,high reliability and high performance become key objectives of network-on-chip(NoC) design.In this paper,an integrated approach is presented to map IP cores onto NoC architecture and assign voltage levels for each link,such that the communication energy is minimized under constraints of bandwidth and reliability.The design space is explored using tabu search.In order to select optimal voltage level for the links,an energy-efficiency driven heuristic algorithm is proposed to perform energy/reliability trade-off by exploiting communication slack.Experimental results show that the ordinary energy optimization techniques ignoring the influence of voltage on fault rates could lead to drastically decreased communication reliability of NoCs,and the proposed approach can produce reliable and energy-efficient implementations.

Extraction of Proteins from Apple Leaves for Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Analysis

In order to develop an efficient method about protein extraction which is suitable for apple proteomic analysis, four protocols of total protein extraction from apple leaves, which are trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method （TCA）, phenol extraction methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation method, Tris-HCl extraction method and modified Tris-HCl extraction method were compared. The results showed that the modified Tris-HCl extraction method was the most suitable method in protein extraction for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） from apple leaves based on the highest resolution and more informative spots of 2-DE gels with no apparent vertical or horizontal streaking.

Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose on dissolution kinetics of carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablet

Sodium carbonate and carboxymethyl cellulose powders are compressed into two-component tablets with three mass ratios,97%:3%,95%:5% and 93%:7%.The dissolution tests for two-component tablets and reference pure sodium carbonate tablets are carried out at various temperatures.The dissolution process of each tablet is measured by electrical conductivity tracking method and the concentration of dissolved sodium carbonate is quanti fied with calibrated conductivity-concentration converting equation of sodium carbonate.The quanti fied dissolution data is fitted with both surface reaction model and diffusion layer model and the results clearly show that surface reaction model is suggested as the appropriate dissolution model for all measured tablets.Therefore,it is determined that carboxymethyl cellulose is a stable element to remain the dissolution mechanism of tablet unchanged.The dissolution rate constant quanti fied with surface reaction model presents that carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium carbonate two-component tablets obtain signi ficant higher dissolution rate constant than pure sodium carbonate tablet and higher proportion of carboxymethyl cellulose leads to apparent higher dissolution rate constant.The results prove for the usage of carboxymethyl cellulose in most practical applications at a relative low-level,the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose is effective and positive for two-component tablet to enhance the dissolution process and improve dissolution rate constant and this effect is speculated coming from its dynamic physical transforming process in water including dilation and conglutination.

Promoting charge carrier utilization by integrating layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays with porous BiVO_4 photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

The increasing exploration of renewable and clean power sources have driven the development of highly active materials for photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting. However, it is still a great challenge to enhance the charge utilization. Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate composite photoanode with porous BiVO4 film as the photon absorber and layered double hydroxide （LDH） nanosheet arrays as the oxygen-evolution cocatalysts （OECs）. The as-prepared BiVO4/NiFe-LDH photoanode shows an excellent performance for PEC water splitting benefitting from the synergistic effect of the superior charge separation efficiency facilitated by porous BiVO4 film and the excellent water oxidation activity resulting from LDH nanosheet arrays. A photocurrent density is 4.02 mA cm^-2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE）. Furthermore, the O2 evolution rate at the surface of BiVO4/NiFe-LDH photoanode is as high as 29.6 μmol h^-1 cm^-2 and the high activity for water oxidation is maintained for over 30 h. Impressively, the performance of the as-fabricated composite photoanode for PEC water splitting can be further enhanced through incorporating a certain amount of Co^2＋ cation into NiFe-LDH as OEC. The photocurrent density is achieved up to 4.45 mA cm^-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. This value is the highest yet reported for un-doped BiVO4-based photoanodes so far.

Ni(OH)_2 nanoflakes supported on 3D hierarchically nanoporous gold/Ni foam as superior electrodes for supercapacitors

The increasing demand for portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles stimulates the develop- ment of supercapacitors as an advanced energy storage system. Here, we demonstrate a binder-free nickel hydroxide@nano- porous gold/Ni foam （Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam） electrode for high-performance supercapacitors, which is prepared by a facile three-step fabrication route including electrodeposition of Au-Sn alloy on Ni foam, chemical dealloying of Sn and electrodepostion of Ni（OH）2 on NPG/Ni foam. Such Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam electrode is composed of a thin layer of conformable Ni（OH）2 nanoflakes supported on three-di- mensional （3D） hierarchically porous NPG/Ni foam substrate. The resulting Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam electrode can offer highways for both electron transfer and ion transport and lead to an excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 3,380 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1. Even when the current density was increased to 50 A g-1, it still retained a high capacitance of 1,927 F g-1. The promising performance of the Ni（OH）2@NPG/Ni foam elec- trode is mainly ascribed to the 3D hierarchical porosity and the highly conductive network on the NPG/Ni foam composite current collector, as well as the conformal electrodeposition of Ni（OH）2 active material on the NPG/Ni foam, which induces the formation of interconnected porosity both on the top surface and on the inner surface of the electrode. This in- spiring electrochemical performance would make the as-de- signed electrode material become one of the most promising candidates for future electrochemical energy storage systems.