电针不同刺激量对急性期面神经损伤兔细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1、3蛋白表达的影响

目的观察电针对急性期面神经损伤兔细胞因子信号转导抑制因子(SOCS)1、SOCS3蛋白表达的影响,确定其较佳刺激量。方法将新西兰兔面神经用特制止血钳压榨5 min,损伤长度约2.5 cm,制作面神经损伤模型。实验分为空白组、假手术组、模型组和电针弱、中、强刺激组。电针各组术后1 d予不同刺激量治疗,连续7 d,模型组术后不予任何干预。治疗结束后截取各组受损面神经,采用ABC-ELISA检测介导JAK-STAT负反馈调节SOCS1、SOCS3的蛋白表达。结果与空白组比较,模型组兔SOCS1、SOCS3蛋白表达增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,电针弱刺激组SOCS1、SOCS3蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。结论面神经损伤急性期电针弱刺激可使SOCS1、SOCS3蛋白表达趋于正常,电针治疗效应不随刺激量的增强而增加。

多功能电休克治疗仪首次治疗时的电量选择

目的 探索适合国人的多功能电休克治疗仪首次治疗电量。方法 按不同年龄分为12组,以5岁为组距,每组各20例,在首次治疗时分别给予2/3刺激电量和全量刺激电量进行治疗,并对治疗结果进行对照比较。结果 在<50岁组首次治疗可给予2/3年龄值的刺激电量,并能很好诱发,>50岁组首次治疗可适当增加电刺激量。结论 多功能电休克治疗仪首次治疗时,可根据年龄选择不同的刺激电量。

电针不同刺激量对急性期面神经损伤兔pJAK1、pSTAT3的影响

目的明确电针不同刺激量对急性期面神经损伤兔p JAK1、p STAT3的影响。方法 :将新西兰兔面神经用特制止血钳压榨5min,损伤长度约2.5cm,造成面神经损伤模型。电针组在术后1天后立即进行不同电刺激量治疗,疗程为7天,模型组术后不进行任何治疗。治疗结束后截取各组受损面神经,运用Western Blot方法检测介导JAK-STAT调节通路的p JAK1、p STAT3表达水平。结果模型组与空白组比较,p JAK1、p STAT3表达显著减少(P<0.05);经治疗后,电针组p JAK1表达与模型组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);电针轻刺激量治疗后,电针组p STAT3表达与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论面神经损伤急性期电针轻刺激可以使p JAK1、p STAT3表达水平趋于正常,而电针治疗效应不随刺激量的增长而增加,电针治疗需要把握"中病即止"的原则。

Quantifying Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Dosage after Knee Arthroplasty

Recovering functional ability after total knee arthroplasty （TKA） requires recovery of strength and voluntary activation. Short-term recovery of strength and activation are enhanced following a protocol combining strength training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation （NMES）. The purpose of the study was to determine if a dose response curve could be constructed for patients who received NMES as part of their treatment after TKA. NMES dosage was quantified as the electrically evoked knee extensor torque, expressed as a percentage of the subject＇s maximal voluntary contraction. Dose-response curves were generated, with the associations between NMES training intensity and quadriceps strength, voluntary activation, and lean muscle cross-sectional area examined using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients. Significantly, linear correlations were observed between NMES training intensity and both quadriceps strength and voluntary activation, but not lean muscle cross-sectional area. These results suggest that maximizing the elicited training force during rehabilitation will enhance short-term recovery following TKA.

Optimization of acupuncture treatment programs for facial paralysis

Objective To optimize acupuncture treatment programs for facial paralysis.Methods Sixty-three cases of facial paralysis were randomly grouped according to orthogonal design L9（3）4 table,and treated by different combined programs of 4 factors,A（acupuncture opportunity）,B（combination of points）,C（stimulating quantity）,D（electroacupuncture time） and 3 levels,and changes of the functional score of the facial nerve were observed,and the different combined programs of the 4 factors,A（acupuncture opportunity）,B（combination of point）,C（stimulating quantity）,D（electroacupuncture time） and 3 levels influencing acupuncture therapeutic effect on facial paralysis were optimized.Results B（combination of points） and D（electroacupuncture time） were obvious factors（P0.05）,among them,B（combination of points） was the most main influencing factor;among the 3 levels of B（combination of points） and D（electroacupuncture time）,B3 （alternately needling two groups of acupoints） and D3 （electroacupuncture treatment at sparse-dense wave for 30 min） were the best.Conclusion Electroacupuncture at sparse-dense wave for 30 min,alternately needling two groups of acupoints is the best program for treatment of facial paralysis.

Simulation and experimental study of electro-pneumatic valve used in air-powered engine

To evaluate the performance of newly designed electro-pneumatic valves (EPVs) for the air-powered engine (APE) and study laws of parameters affecting them, a simulation model was established based on the thermodynamics and mechanics theories. Experiments were set up to determine the instantaneous effective orifice area of solenoid valve by the constant volume discharge method. The simulation model was also validated by comparing the measured displacement curve with the simulated displacement curve of the valve in the pressure of 0.16 and 0.49 MPa. Simulation and experimental results showed that maximum working frequency of the designed EPV could reach 30 Hz corresponding to 2000 r/min of engine rotating speed. Based on simulation results, impacts of temperature and pressure of control air on delay time, full opening/closing time and seating velocity of EPV were analyzed. The simulation model could also act as EPV simulation prototype in designing the air exchange control system of APE.

Correlation of the Cerebral Microvascular Blood Flow with Brain Temperature and Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High temperature spots on the anterior ectosylvian and low temperature spots on the posterior suprasylvian on the cortical surface of 20 cats were identified using cortical infrared thermography (CIT); the blood flow in the microcirculation on these spots was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. EA was given at Zusanli (ST 36) and changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex microcirculation were detected. Results: 1) The mean temperatures on the high (34.83±0.24°C) and low (32.28±0.27°C) temperature spots were significantly different (P<0.001); this was indicative of a temperature difference on the cortical surface; 2) The average blood flow in the microcirculation of the high (266.8±19.2 PU) and low (140.8±9.9 PU) temperature spots was significantly different (P<0.001). 3) On the cortical high temperature spots, the mean blood flow in the microcirculation significantly increased from 266.8±86.8 PU before EA, to 422.5±47.4 PU following 5 minutes of EA (58.35%; P<0.01), and 431.8±52.8 PU 5 minutes after ceasing EA (61.84%; P<0.01). 4) On the low temperature spots, there were no significant differences in blood flow following 5 minutes of EA (146.3±11.5 PU), and 5 minutes after ceasing EA (140.5±11.6 PU), when compared with that before acupuncture (140.8±9.9 PU; P>0.9). Conclusion: The high temperature spots of the cortex are active functional regions of neurons with higher blood flow and a stronger response to EA. EA induces a significant increase in blood flow in the high temperature spots of the cortex.

Effects of electronically stimulating Tianshu(ST 25) and Dachangshu(BL 25), Quchi(LI 11) and Shangjuxu(ST 37) on the expressions of jejunum c-kit protein and c-kit m RNA in rats with functional diarrhea

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electronically stimulating Tianshu(ST 25) and Dachangshu(BL 25), Quchi(LI 11) and Shangjuxu(ST 37) on the jejunum c-kit protein and c-kit m RNA in rats with functional diarrhea(FD).METHODS: FD models were established through intragastric administration with folium sennae. Experimental rats were then divided into 4 groups:blank group, model group, electroacupuncture group Ⅰ [Tianshu(ST 25) and Dachangshu(BL 25)of both sides] and electroacupuncture group Ⅱ [Quchi(Li 11) and Shangjuxu(ST 37) ofboth sides], 10 in each. After treatment with electroacupuncture for 10 days, The expressions of jejunum c-kit protein and c-kit m RNA in each group were detected with Western blot and Real-Time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS: The expressions of c-kit protein and c-kit m RNA in the model group increased significantly compared to those in the blank group(P < 0.01);the expressions in electroacupuncture group Ⅰsignificantly decreased compared to those in the model group(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that electronically stimulating both Tianshu(ST 25) and Dachangshu(BL 25) significantly increased the expressions of jejunum c-kit protein and c-kit m RNA in FD rats, which means the treatment might have better therapeutic effects on FD.

Effects of Different Acupuncture Stimulations on NO Content in Acupoint Areas

Objective:To study the effects of different acupuncture stimulation on nitric oxide(NO) content in acupoint areas.Methods:The experiment was performed in 47 healthy volunteers providing informed consents.Both males and females were included in each group:11 cases in electro-acupuncture group,13 cases in manual-acupuncture group,16 cases in warm-moxibustion group,and 7 cases in control group.Stimulations were given at Jianshi(PC 5) of the Pericardium Meridian and Chengshan(BL 57) of the Bladder Meridian with manual-acupuncture,electro-acupuncture and warm-moxibustion respectively.NO was collected from Ximen(PC 4) and Chengjin(BL 56) areas on the ipsilateral meridians,and the content was detected.Results:The content of NO in the warm-moxibustion group was higher than that in the electro-acupuncture group,the content in electro-acupuncture group was higher than that in the manual acupuncture group(P<0.05) . Conclusion:All the three stimulations can raise NO levels on acupoint areas significantly,and the effect moxibustion is superior to that of electro-acupuncture and manual acupuncture.

Effect of the transcutaneous electrical stimulation system on esophageal-acid exposure in patients non-responsive to once-daily proton-pump inhibitor:proof-of-concept study

Background:Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disorder.Overall,≤35%of GERD patients fail the standard dose of proton-pump-inhibitor(PPI)treatment.Due to the high prevalence and low satisfaction rate with treatment failure,there is an unmet need for new treatment.Our aim was to evaluate whether the use of the transcutaneous electrical stimulation system(TESS)can reduce esophageal-acid exposure in GERD patients unresponsive to standard-dose PPI.Methods:We enrolled 10 patients suffering from heartburn and regurgitation with an abnormal esophageal-acid exposure(off PPIs)who failed standard-dose PPI.After the placement of a wireless esophageal pH capsule,all patients were treated with TESS.The primary end point was the reduction in the baseline(pretreatment)24-hour percent total time pH<4 and/or DeMeester score by 50%.Results:Seven GERD patients(five females and two males,aged 49.3610.1 years)completed the study.At baseline,the mean percent total time pH<4 was 12.064.9.Following TESS,the mean percent total time pH<4 dropped to 5.563.4,4.562.6,3.762.9,and 4.462.5 on Days 1,2,3,and 4,respectively.At baseline,the mean DeMeester score was 39.0618.5.After TESS,the mean DeMeester score dropped to 15.869.2,13.266.8,11.269.4,and 12.066.8 on Days 1,2,3,and 4,respectively.Conclusion:TESS is a safe and potentially effective modality in reducing esophageal-acid exposure in GERD patients unresponsive to standard-dose PPI.A larger and prospective controlled study is needed to verify these preliminary results.