油电混合动力车的激烈竞争

丰田公司6年前首次推出汽油-电力混合动力车型，当时在汽车界引起的反应不佳。丰田当年推出的混合动力车是家庭式五座车型，外观乏味，操控笨拙．但无疑是物有所值的，它有两个造价高昂的动力。这种车非但不能为丰田赚钱，还需要丰田倒贴钱以打入市场，因为车价需要高额补贴。最重要的是，该车的主要卖点是环保，它只能吸引少数环保发烧友。

SOC estimation of lithium-ion power battery for HEV based on advanced wavelet neural network

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the battery＇s state of charge（SOC） for the hybrid electric vehicle（HEV）,the SOC estimation algorithm based on advanced wavelet neural network（WNN） is presented.Based on advanced WNN,the SOC estimation model of a lithium-ion power battery for the HEV is first established.Then,the convergence of the advanced WNN algorithm is proved by mathematical deduction.Finally,using an adequate data sample of various charging and discharging of HEV batteries,the neural network is trained.The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively decrease the estimation errors of the lithium-ion power battery SOC from the range of ±8% to ±1.5%,compared with the traditional SOC estimation methods.

内燃机的反击

电力混合动力吸引着内燃机生产厂家们把它们作为最佳的技术储备。从维也纳发动机学术讨论会上展示介绍的汽油和柴油发动机中可以清楚地看到：人们已经给几乎死亡的技术赋予了新的生命。

Research and practice of designing hydro/ photovoltaic hybrid power system in microgrid

Small-hydro power station is often used in remote areas beside a river,but it doesn't match electricity demand so well,especially in dry seasons. A photovoltaic (PV) system with battery is a suitable option to complement the electricity gap. In this paper,a new structure of megawatt-class PV system integrating battery at DC-bus (DC: direct current) is proposed to be used in hydro/PV hybrid power system,and 4 main designing considerations and several key equipments are discussed. In 2011,a 2 MWp PV station with the proposed structure was built up in Yushu,China. From stability analysis,the station shows a strong stability under load cut-in/off and solar irradiance's fluctuation.

Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

Electrical power assisted steering for EVs and HEVs

Electrical power assisted steering (EPAS) is one of the key components, especially for electrical vehicle. It has attracted much attention for their advantages with respect to improved fuel economy and has been widely adopted as automotive power-steering equipment in recent years. EPS (electrical power steering) controllers contain MCU (microprocessor control unit) to implement the complex control algorithms. EPS control strategy development is the core technology of the whole system. To achieve the better performance of driving, both mechanical structures and electrical structures are totally designed as a whole. Model-based development is recommended to software design. There are several trends about EPS’ future, such as high power EPS development, high voltage EPS development and steering-by-wire technology.

Performance Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Vehicles

PHEVs （passenger plug-in hybrid electric vehicles） have shown significant fuel reduction potential. Furthermore, PHEVs can also improve longitudinal vehicle dynamics with respect to acceleration and engine elasticity. The objective of this study is to investigate potential of concurrent optimization of fuel efficiency and driving performance. For the studies, a backward vehicle model for a parallel PHEV was designed, where the power flow is calculated from the wheels to the propulsion units, the conventional ICE （internal combustion engine） and the EMG （electric motor/generator） unit. The hybrid drive train is according to a P2 layout, consequently the EMG is situated between the shifting clutch and the ICE. The implemented operation strategy distributes the power to both propulsion units depending on the vehicle speed, requested driving torque, the battery＇s SOC （state of charge） and SOP （state of power）. Additional information, such as the slope of the road, can be taken into account by the operation strategy. In the paper, the fuel saving potential as well as the longitudinal dynamics change of different PHEV configurations is presented as a function of battery capacity and EMG power. Consequently, applicable hybrid components can be defined. By using additional information of the environment like various sensor data, road slope amongst others, the fuel saving potential can be improved even more. By studying the dynamic model, the overall results of the backward model are confirmed. In conclusion, this study shows that it is possible to concurrently reduce fuel consumption and increase driving performance in PHEVs. The potential depends strongly on the configuration of the electric components and the implemented operation strategy. Consequently, the hybrid system configuration has to be chosen carefully and aligned to the vehicle performance.

Pure Jatropha Oil for Power Generation on Floreana IslandlGalapagos： Four Years Experience on Engine Operation and Fuel Quality

In the small country of Ecuador, all environmental risks of the production and consumption of fossil fuels can be observed by damages through oil exploration in the amazonite rainforest and two tank ship accidents close by Galapagos Islands causing death of 10,000 marine iguanas and other species. Now Ecuador plans to replace all environmentally dangerous diesel generators from all four inhabited Galapagos Islands by a hybrid system using 100% renewable energy for electricity production. Since 2010 a hybrid system of two Jatropha oil generators with an electrical power of 69 kW （kWel） and a photovoltaic plant with an electrical peak power of 21 kW （kWpeak） is successfully providing electricity from renewable energy for inhabitants and tourists of Floreana Island. After more than 15.000 engine operation hours of each engine there is no engine defect. For fuel supply, the so-called ＂Living Fence＂ concept collecting Jatropha seeds by farmers and families from already existing 6,000 km hedges on Ecuadorian mainland was chosen to comply with highest biofuel sustainability standards. The Jatropha oil is produced in a decentralized so-called CompacTropha oil mill container following the ambitious German fuel quality standard DIN51605. Since 2010 Floreana project successfully demonstrates that it is possible to replace diesel gen sets by generators fueled with pure Jatropha oil from decentralized sustainable production.

Multi-objective parameter optimization for a single-shaft series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric bus using genetic algorithm

Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong adaptability for driving cycles. Never- theless, for configuring the PHEB with single-shaft series-parallel powertrain in the development stage, it still faces greater challenge than other configurations when choosing and matching the main component parameters. Motivated by this issue, a comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm （GA） is developed for the PHEB with the typical powertrain. First, considering repeatability and regularity of bus route, the methods of off-line data processing and mathematical statistics are adopted, to obtain a representative driving cycle, which could well reflect the general characteristic of the real-world bus route. Then, the economical optimization objective is defined, which is consist of manufacturing costs of the key components and energy consumption, and combined with the dynamical optimization objective, a multi-objective op- timization function is put forward. Meanwhile, GA algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, for the optimal components combination of the novel series-parallel powertrain. Finally, a comparison with the prototype is carried out to verify the per- formance of the optimized powertrain along driving cycles. Simulation results indicate that the parameters of powertrain com- ponents obtained by the proposed comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy might get better fuel economy, meanwhile ensure the dynamic performance of PHEB. In contrast to the original, the costs declined by 18%. Hence, the strat- egy would provide a theoretical guidance on parameter selection for PHEB manufacturers.