Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ...Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.展开更多
Concentrating solar power （CSP） technologies could be one of the major contributor to worlds future energy needs and which would be cheap and clean sources of energy. This would improve energy utilization, higher co...Concentrating solar power （CSP） technologies could be one of the major contributor to worlds future energy needs and which would be cheap and clean sources of energy. This would improve energy utilization, higher conversion efficiency with reliable and affordable supply of electricity to the public. The proposed approach is using 18 inch diameter of solar dish concentrator to measure the solar radiation using the aluminium foil as a reflector. In this paper, solar radiation is collected to investigate the solar fraction on incoming solar energy in wet climate.展开更多
Demand for electricity in Saudi Arabia is growing at a significant annual rate of nearly 8%. It is expected that, by 2030, the demand will increase to about 120 GW per year, approximately three times the 2010 load. Sa...Demand for electricity in Saudi Arabia is growing at a significant annual rate of nearly 8%. It is expected that, by 2030, the demand will increase to about 120 GW per year, approximately three times the 2010 load. Satisfying this demand will require a significant investment in the power grid at an estimated cost, over the next 10 years, ofSAR （Saudi Arabia Riyal） 500 billion. Existing power plants rely on oil and natural gas, it is anticipated that meeting the demand in 2030 will consume 3 million barrels ofoil each day, which significantly impacting the economy by reducing the country＇s income from oil exports, which is a hot button for Saudi decision makers. This paper reviews the responses of various countries in meeting their loads, and therefore, draws recommendations for some resources that should, and should not, be considered best-candidate options for Saudi Arabia economically, technically and environmentally. The discussion primarily examines renewable and nuclear resources.展开更多
The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean pow...The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.展开更多
文摘Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.
文摘Concentrating solar power （CSP） technologies could be one of the major contributor to worlds future energy needs and which would be cheap and clean sources of energy. This would improve energy utilization, higher conversion efficiency with reliable and affordable supply of electricity to the public. The proposed approach is using 18 inch diameter of solar dish concentrator to measure the solar radiation using the aluminium foil as a reflector. In this paper, solar radiation is collected to investigate the solar fraction on incoming solar energy in wet climate.
文摘Demand for electricity in Saudi Arabia is growing at a significant annual rate of nearly 8%. It is expected that, by 2030, the demand will increase to about 120 GW per year, approximately three times the 2010 load. Satisfying this demand will require a significant investment in the power grid at an estimated cost, over the next 10 years, ofSAR （Saudi Arabia Riyal） 500 billion. Existing power plants rely on oil and natural gas, it is anticipated that meeting the demand in 2030 will consume 3 million barrels ofoil each day, which significantly impacting the economy by reducing the country＇s income from oil exports, which is a hot button for Saudi decision makers. This paper reviews the responses of various countries in meeting their loads, and therefore, draws recommendations for some resources that should, and should not, be considered best-candidate options for Saudi Arabia economically, technically and environmentally. The discussion primarily examines renewable and nuclear resources.
文摘The rapid change in economic growth and human civilization has led to a dramatic increase in energy utilization and electricity demand. That faces nations with the challenge of maintaining cost-effective and clean power energy production. This paper aims to present Afghanistan electricity sector development and energy resources exploitation in a broad context. With the global growing interest in Afghanistan rehabilitation, this paper presents energy development trends in Afghanistan. Besides, the future outlook up to 2032 and the challenges that face electricity sector are highlighted. This study tries to emerge the historical development, current status, and future direction of Afghanistan electricity sector till 2032, in a precise collection.
