电表电压失电特征分析及其在低压故障点诊断中的应用

电表作为电能计量系统中的核心设备,其可靠性直接关系到电力系统的正常运行。文章旨在深入分析电表电压失电的特征,并探讨其在低压故障点诊断中的应用。通过详细分析电表电压失电的定义、分类和典型特征,揭示了其与低压电网运行的关联性。在此基础上,深入研究电表电压失电在低压故障点诊断中的优势,并设计了基于电表电压失电的低压故障点诊断算法。结合实际应用案例,验证了该算法在实际电力系统中提高故障点诊断准确性的效果。通过研究,为电力系统的安全运行和故障点的快速定位提供了新的技术手段,有望在电力系统运维中发挥积极作用。

利用失电残余电压诊断异步电机转子绕组故障

对利用失电残余电压诊断异步电机转子绕组故障进行研究。首先,对电机失电后定子残余电压进行分析,讨论了定子失电残余电压的产生、性质;其次,分析了完好电机和转子绕组故障电机定子失电残余电压的谐波成分;最后,通过仿真计算与实测研究,验证了理论分析的正确性和基于失电残余电压的电机转子绕组故障诊断方法的可行性。

异步电机的失电残余电压研究

对异步电机失电残余电压的产生进行分析;建立了异步电机失电残余电压仿真计算模型,并进行仿真计算;定量分析异步电机失电残余电压的幅值、频率及其随时间变化的关系,并进行实验研究。异步电机失压后,残余电压的频率将突变,且不断减小,其大小由转子的转速决定;失电残压的幅值与失电时刻电源的相位及电机参数等有关,并随时间衰减。仿真计算与实验测试结果一致。

基于失电残余电压的永磁同步电动机失磁故障诊断研究

对利用失电残压诊断永磁同步电动机转子失磁故障进行研究。首先,对电机失电后定子绕组残余电压进行分析,讨论了定子失电残余电压的产生、性质;其次,分析了失磁故障对失电残余电压的影响,提出了利用失电残余电压诊断失磁故障的判别依据;最后,通过实验研究验证了该判据的正确性与有效性,表明基于失电残余电压诊断永磁同步电动机失磁故障方法的可行性。

异步电动机定子绕组的故障诊断方法

为及时发现并排除电动机的早期故障,保障电机设备的安全运行,提出利用失电残余电压诊断异步电动机定子绕组匝间短路故障的新方法并讨论了诊断匝间短路故障多种特征量的有效性;分析电动机失电后的残余电压并讨论了完好电机与故障电机残压中的频率成分。通过分析残压中高次谐波成分的变化可诊断定子绕组匝间短路故障;同时根据匝间短路故障后,完好相与故障相端电压所含谐波成分的不同,可确定故障发生的位置。实验证明该法对供电电源不对称及负载的波动具有鲁棒性,同时可诊断绕组早期轻微匝间短路故障。

基于BP神经网络的异步电机匝间短路程度研究

提出了一种针对异步电机匝间短路故障程度的诊断方法。把从异步电机定子端采集的失电残余电压进行频谱分析,提取其中部分高次谐波成分并与其中的基波成分对比,比值作为不同程度的匝间短路故障的特征向量,再利用BP神经网络进行仿真,得出诊断结果。实验表明,该方法能有效、准确地做出电机匝间短路故障程度的诊断。

A Novel Offset-Cancellation Technique for Low Voltage CMOS Differential Amplifiers

Based on a physical understanding of nonlinearity and mismatch, a novel offset-cancellation technique for low voltage CMOS differential amplifiers is proposed. The technique transfers the offset voltage from the output to other parts of the differential amplifier and can greatly reduce the input-referred offset voltage without extra power consumption. A 1.8V CMOS differential amplifier is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process using the proposed technique. The simulation results show that the technique could reduce the input-referred offset voltage of the amplifier by 40% with a 20% load transistor mismatch and a 10% input differential transistor mismatch. Moreover, the proposed technique consumes the least power and achieves the highest integration among various offset-cancellation techniques.

离散变频软启动转速检测的新方法及其应用

三相异步电动机的离散变频软启动很好地解决了电机直接启动电流大和常规软启动器启动转矩不足的问题,是重载设备较好的启动方法。实现离散变频很重要的一点是根据电机的转速进行各频段的切换,这要求对电机的转速进行实时地监测。离散变频软启动作为一种新的软启动方法,现有的测速方法适应性较差。针对离散变频技术的调压调频特点,提出了基于电机失电残余电压的测速方法;该方法原理简单、计算量小、易于单片机编程实现,并具有较高的准确度。最后,利用该测速方法确定各离散频段切换时刻,进行电机的离散变频软启动仿真,从仿真结果来看各频段切换平稳,电机在各离散频段内保持良好的启动特性,证明了该方法应用可行性。

离散变频软起动转速检测的新方法及其在频段切换中的应用

针对离散变频技术调压调频的特点,提出了基于电动机失电残余电压的测速方法,推导出了转速计算公式,并进行了误差分析。最后,利用该测速方法对离散变频软起动频段切换,进行异步电动机的软起动全过程仿真。仿真结果表明,各频段切换平稳,满足了异步电动机高起动转矩软起动要求。

Analysis and design of high linearity current reference for current mode circuits

A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor （CMOS） voltage-to-current（VTC）converter with high linearity for current-mode analog and digital integrated circuits is described. A high gain operational amplifier （OPA） is utilized to form negative feedback. A proportional to absolute temperature （PTAT） current reference with transistors operated in a weak inversion is used as the bias circuit. The resistor and the OPA nonlinearity behavior are analyzed in detail. By optimizing parameters in OPA and adopting a small voltage coefficient polysilicon resistor as a linear device, a high linearity is achieved. The circuit is implemented in a standard 0. 6 μm CMOS technology. The low frequency gain of the OPA exceeds 90 dB. The test results indicate that the total harmonic distortion （THD）is 0. 000 2%. The common-mode input linearity range is 0 to 2. 6 V. Correspondingly, the output current range is 50 to 426μA. The sensitivity of the PTAT current reference to Vdd is approximately 0. 021 7. The chip consumes a power of less than 1.3 mW for a 5 V supply, and occupies an area of 0. 112 mm^2.

Distributed Generators Location and Capacity Effect on Voltage Profile Improvement and Power Losses Reduction Using Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a powerful approach to find the optimal size and location of distributed generation units in a distribution system using GA （Genetic Optimization algorithm）. It is proved that GA method is fast and easy tool to enable the planners to select accurate and the optimum size of generators to improve the system voltage profile in addition to reduce the active and reactive power loss. GA fitness function is introduced including the active power losses, reactive power losses and the cumulative voltage deviation variables with selecting weight of each variable. GA fitness function is subjected to voltage constraints, active and reactive power losses constraints and DG size constraint.

Harmonic Filter Design to Mitigate Two Resonant Points in a Distribution Network

This paper investigates the usage of passive harmonic filters to mitigate harmonic distortions when two resonant points are present in a system caused by shunt capacitors used for power factor correction and bus voltage regulation. Six scenarios were investigated using DIgSILENT 14 power factor）＇ software. The investigations are with and without power factor correction and capacitors used to increase bus voltage. Passive harmonic filters are designed to reduce harmonic distortions at the PCC （point of common coupling） to fall within the IEEE 519 harmonic voltage and current limits caused by parallel resonance. The results of the case studies are analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the filter design.

Strategies Regarding Operating Voltage Levels in Distribution Networks

The power/energy losses reduction in distribution systems is an important issue during planning and operation, with important technical and economical implications. Thus, the energy losses minimization implies not only the technical improvement of the network, through its renewal with the introduction of the technological innovations in the equipment and circuit components as well as the optimal planning of the design and development of the network, but also requires the use of the methods and software tools to facilitate the operation process. The paper presents a strategy for power / energy saving which is replacement of the 6 kV voltage level with 20 kV voltage level. In this line, different urban distribution networks were analyzed using fuzzy techniques for load modeling.

Behaviors of field emitters under pulsed voltages

In this paper we described our study of the behaviors of field emitters driven by square-wave voltages. We observed phenomena under pulsed voltages that generally do not manifest themselves under direct-current voltages. We interpreted these phenomena with the cathode and anode combined treated as equivalent to a resistor and a condenser in series connection. First,because of the delay caused by the charging process of the condenser, the waveform of the voltage across the cathode-anode gap was remarkably distorted. Second, the resistor led to considerable attenuation in field emission, which was clearly observable within each pulse and became more dramatic with increasing repetition frequency of the pulses. Furthermore, the field emission currents under direct-current voltages were lower than those under pulsed voltages. This disparity is attributed to rising resistance in the circuit with rising temperature. We also discussed the restrictions that the waveform distortion and current attenuation could impose on potential field emitter applications.

Ferroelectric control of single-molecule magnetism in 2D limit

The electric control of magnetic properties based on magnetoelectric effect is crucial for the development of future data storage devices.Here,based on first-principles calculations,a strong magnetoelectric effect is proposed to effectively switch on/off the magnetic states as well as alter the in-plane/perpendicular easy axes of metal-phthalocyanine molecules(MPc)by reversing the electric polarization of the underlying two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric a-In2Se3 substrate with the application of an external electric field.The mechanism originates from the different hybridization between the molecule and the ferroelectric substrate in which the different electronic states of surface Se layer play a dominant role.Moreover,the magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropy energies(MAE)of OsPc/In2Se3 can be further largely enhanced by a functionalized atom atop the OsPc molecule.The I-OsPc/In2Se3 system possesses large MAE up to 30 meV at both polarization directions,which is sufficient for room-temperature applications.These findings provide a feasible scheme to realize ferroelectric control of magnetic states in 2D limit,which have great potential for applications in nanoscale electronics and spintronics.