Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversio...Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.展开更多
高海拔宇宙线观测站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,LHAASO)是110年来人类研究宇宙线最大的实验装置之一,核心的科学问题是寻找宇宙线的起源,不但要探测超高能(ultra-high energy,UHE)伽马射线源,还要精确测量地球附近带...高海拔宇宙线观测站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,LHAASO)是110年来人类研究宇宙线最大的实验装置之一,核心的科学问题是寻找宇宙线的起源,不但要探测超高能(ultra-high energy,UHE)伽马射线源,还要精确测量地球附近带电宇宙线的成分和能量分布,系统地研究宇宙线的加速与传播.其首批科学发现就开创了UHE伽马天文学领域,展现出银河系丰富多彩的宇宙线加速源的候选天体,奠定了发现宇宙线起源的良好基础,指明了随后探索宇宙线加速机制、传播效应等精确研究的方向,同时也对现有的理论和模型提供了精确检验的机会与挑战.LHAASO的发现,对其后宇宙线、伽马天文、中微子天文等方面的未来实验研究提出了明确的要求.本文综述了我国大科学装置LHAASO及其科学发现意义,介绍了其在宇宙线研究中的历史作用,并对未来的发展做出了展望.展开更多
文摘Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.
文摘高海拔宇宙线观测站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,LHAASO)是110年来人类研究宇宙线最大的实验装置之一,核心的科学问题是寻找宇宙线的起源,不但要探测超高能(ultra-high energy,UHE)伽马射线源,还要精确测量地球附近带电宇宙线的成分和能量分布,系统地研究宇宙线的加速与传播.其首批科学发现就开创了UHE伽马天文学领域,展现出银河系丰富多彩的宇宙线加速源的候选天体,奠定了发现宇宙线起源的良好基础,指明了随后探索宇宙线加速机制、传播效应等精确研究的方向,同时也对现有的理论和模型提供了精确检验的机会与挑战.LHAASO的发现,对其后宇宙线、伽马天文、中微子天文等方面的未来实验研究提出了明确的要求.本文综述了我国大科学装置LHAASO及其科学发现意义,介绍了其在宇宙线研究中的历史作用,并对未来的发展做出了展望.
