纳米氮化钛薄膜对高频陶瓷窗片二次电子发射率的影响研究

纳米TiN薄膜可用来抑制高频陶瓷窗片的二次电子倍增,缩短器件高功率老炼时间,提高微波发射性能。文章通过专用真空镀膜设备,采用同轴圆柱靶和平面靶的直流磁控反应溅射方法,通过优化制备工艺参数,在陶瓷窗片的表面成功制备了纳米氮化钛(TiN)薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等现代分析手段进行了测试分析,结果表明:纳米TiN薄膜表面晶粒细小,致密度较好;晶面(111)和(200)特征衍射峰峰型规整,峰宽细窄;Ti/N原子计量比接近于1∶1。随着薄膜沉积时间增加,二次电子发射系数(SEY)逐渐增大,溅射时间8.4 s时,SEY为1.72;随着基体偏压的增加,电离效率增加,SEY不断降低,当偏压为350 V时,SEY为1.89;随着N2流量增加,SEY发生变化,当N2流量为38 mL/min时,SEY为1.83。

颗粒膜厚度对表面传导电子发射的影响

制备了不同厚度下的C-Ti颗粒膜用作表面传导电子发射的阴极发射薄膜,研究了不同颗粒膜厚度对电子发射特性的影响。将所制备阴极器件加载不同电压幅值下的等幅三角波,对器件进行电形成,结果表明:颗粒膜厚度为69nm的器件开启电压为32V,在33V时具有最大发射效率;颗粒膜厚度为855nm的器件开启电压为15V,在23V时发射效率最高;颗粒膜厚度为69nm的器件所形成的电压范围和电子发射效率都明显高于颗粒膜厚度为855nm的器件。

C波段波导同轴转换器设计及其微放电功率阈值

针对空间应用中微放电效应对微波器件的制约,设计了一种C波段高微放电功率容量的波导同轴转换器。基于从局部到整体的微放电敏感区域分析方法,对同轴接头和馈电体进行优化,提出了改进型后馈式波导同轴转换器。频率在3.0~5.4 GHz时,回波损耗大于15 dB,插入损耗低于0.3 dB。实验测试得到微放电功率阈值突破7 kW,与理论分析结果吻合。该波导同轴转换器结构简洁,微放电功率阈值高,有望在空间得到应用。微放电分析的方法对空间微波器件抑制微放电的设计有借鉴意义。

Effect of Magnetic Field on the Ionization Potential of the Atoms and Ions

The authors found the effect of magnetic field on the ionization of atoms and ions and shown that the magnetic field affected the rate of ionization and electron emission at angle of 60°, 120°, 240° and 300°. It is shown that the calculation must take into account the ionization potential of the magnetic field.

MRI and PET images fusion based on human retina model

The diagnostic potential of brain positron emission tomography （PET） imaging is limited by low spatial resolution. For solving this problem we propose a technique for the fusion of PET and MRI images. This fusion is a trade-off between the spectral information extracted from PET images and the spatial information extracted from high spatial resolution MRI. The proposed method can control this trade-off. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build a multiscale fusion model, based on the retinal cell photoreceptors model. This paper introduces general prospects of this model, and its application in multispectral medical image fusion. Results showed that the proposed method preserves more spectral features with less spatial distortion. Comparing with hue-intensity-saturation （HIS）, discrete wavelet transform （DWT）, wavelet-based sharpening and wavelet-a trous transform methods, the best spectral and spatial quality is only achieved simultaneously with the proposed feature-based data fusion method. This method does not require resampling images, which is an advantage over the other methods, and can perform in any aspect ratio between the pixels of MRI and PET images.

TiO_2/graphene nanocomposites as anode materials for high rate lithium-ion batteries

A simple strategy to prepare a hybrid of nanocomposites of anatase TiO2/graphene nanosheets （GNS） as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries was reported.The morphology and crystal structure were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）,field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）.The electrochemical performance was evaluated by galvanostatic charge-lischarge tests and alternating current （AC） impedance spectroscopy.The results show that the TiO2/GNS electrode exhibit higher electrochemical performance than that of TiO2 electrode regardless of the rate.Even at 500 mA/g,the capacity of TiO2/GNS is 120.3 mAh/g,which is higher than that of TiO2 61.6 mAh/g.The high performance is attributed to the addition of graphene to improve electrical conductivity and reduce polarization.

Light-emitting field-effect transistors with EQE over 20%enabled by a dielectric-quantum dots-dielectric sandwich structure

Emerging quantum dots(QDs)based light-emitting field-effect transistors(QLEFETs)could generate light emission with high color purity and provide facile route to tune optoelectronic properties at a low fabrication cost.Considerable efforts have been devoted to designing device structure and to understanding the underlying physics,yet the overall performance of QLEFETs remains low due to the charge/exciton loss at the interface and the large band offset of a QD layer with respect to the adjacent carrier transport layers.Here,we report highly efficient QLEFETs with an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of over 20%by employing a dielectric-QDs-dielectric(DQD)sandwich structure.Such DQD structure is used to control the carrier behavior by modulating energy band alignment,thus shifting the exciton recombination zone into the emissive layer.Also,enhanced radiative recombination is achieved by preventing the exciton loss due to presence of surface traps and the luminescence quenching induced by interfacial charge transfer.The DQD sandwiched design presents a new concept to improve the electroluminescence performance of QLEFETs,which can be transferred to other material systems and hence can facilitate exploitation of QDs in a new type of optoelectronic devices.

Thickness-driven spin reorientation transition in ultrathin films

We review recent studies by different experimental means of ultrathin films,exhibiting thickness-driven spin reorientation transitions(SRTs).The stage is set by determining,via phenomenological thermodynamic description,of the relevant phase diagrams for the possible types of SRT with and without applied magnetic field.Suitable representation may be chosen such that best use is made of the linear character(under thickness variation) of the system's path in anisotropy space.The latter involves higher-order bulk and surface anisotropies in a substantial way.We examine sensitive experimental techniques for the detection and quantification of SRTs,such as hysteresis measurements with magneto-optical Kerr effect(MOKE),micromagnetic studies utilizing scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis(SEMPA),photoemission electron microscopy(PEEM) and spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy(SPLEEM) as well as ac magnetic susceptibility measurements via MOKE.Key issues are conclusively discussed including the identification of reliable experimental fingerprints about whether a given SRT proceeds via a phase of coexistence or via a cone(canted) phase.We demonstrate how the application of the general theoretical ideas to carefully designed measurements leads to the determination of the most important material parameters in any ultrathin-film SRT,namely,the surface(interface) magnetic anisotropy constants.The review concludes by our personal outline for future promising work on SRTs.