为开发新型电阻负温度系数(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)热敏陶瓷材料,采用湿化学法制备Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)陶瓷Zn_(1-x)Ga_xO(x分别为0.005,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04和0.05)。利用X射线衍射分析材料的相组成,用扫描电镜观察陶瓷的微...为开发新型电阻负温度系数(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)热敏陶瓷材料,采用湿化学法制备Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)陶瓷Zn_(1-x)Ga_xO(x分别为0.005,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04和0.05)。利用X射线衍射分析材料的相组成,用扫描电镜观察陶瓷的微观结构,通过电阻-温度曲线和交流阻抗谱研究GZO陶瓷的电子导电性和温度敏感特性。结果表明,GZO陶瓷材料具有六方纤锌矿晶体结构;Ga掺杂能明显改善ZnO的电子导电性,GZO陶瓷的电阻率随温度升高呈指数关系降低,呈现优异的NTC特性。Zn_(1-x)Ga_xO陶瓷的NTC材料常数为4 196~5 975 K。其电子导电性和NTC性质由呈现半导体性质的晶粒效应和热激活导电的晶界效应共同贡献。展开更多
Very Highly Efficient Reduction of CO_2 to CH_4 Using Metal-Free N-Doped Carbon Electrodes X.Sun,X.Kang,Q.Zhu,J.Ma,G.Yang,Z.Liu,B.Han Chem.Sci.DOI：10.1039/C5SC04158A以不含金属的氮杂碳为催化剂,离子液体为电解质,将CO_2...Very Highly Efficient Reduction of CO_2 to CH_4 Using Metal-Free N-Doped Carbon Electrodes X.Sun,X.Kang,Q.Zhu,J.Ma,G.Yang,Z.Liu,B.Han Chem.Sci.DOI：10.1039/C5SC04158A以不含金属的氮杂碳为催化剂,离子液体为电解质,将CO_2还原为CH_4的法拉第效率为93.5%,展开更多
The effects of BaO addition on the phase composition,relative density and electric conductivity of xCu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 (x=5,10) cermets were studied,which were prepared with cold isostatic pressing-sintering process.The...The effects of BaO addition on the phase composition,relative density and electric conductivity of xCu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 (x=5,10) cermets were studied,which were prepared with cold isostatic pressing-sintering process.The results show that the relative densities of 5Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermet doped with 1% BaO (mass fraction) and 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermet doped with 1% BaO sintered at 1 473 K in nitrogen atmosphere,are increased by about 9.86% and 9.75% compared with the undoped BaO cermets,respectively.And the electric conductivities 22.79 S/cm of 5Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets adding 1% BaO and 23.10 S/cm of 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets adding 1% BaO are obtained,which are 2.21 times and 1.47 times of those of undoped samples,respectively.Moreover,the 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets doped with 1% BaO have a maximum σ0 of 58.91 S/cm and electric conductivity of 23.10 S/cm at 1 233 K.Maybe low melting-point phases of BaFe2O4 and Ba2Fe2O5 have an excellent electric conductivity in xCu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 (x=5,10) cermets at 1 233 K.展开更多
To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2,...To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.展开更多
The perovskite-type oxide solid solution Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction and its single phase character was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The conduction property of the sa...The perovskite-type oxide solid solution Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction and its single phase character was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The conduction property of the sample was investigated by alternating current impedance spectroscopy and gas concentration cell methods under different gases atmospheres in the temperature range of 500-900 ℃. The performance of the hydrogen-air fuel cell using the sample as solid electrolyte was measured. In wet hydrogen, the sample is a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 in the range of 500-600 ℃, a mixed conductor of proton and electron with the protonic transport number of 0.945-0.933 above 600 ℃. In wet air, the sample is a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion, and electronic hole. The protonic transport numbers are 0.010-0.021, and the oxide ionic transport numbers are 0.471-0.382. In hydrogen-air fuel cell, the sample is a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion and electron, the ionic transport numbers are 0.942 0.885. The fuel cell using Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α as solid electrolyte can work stably. At 900 ℃, the maximum power output density is 110,2 mW/cm2, which is higher than that of our previous cell using Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α （x〈≤1, RE=Y, Eu, Ho） as solid electrolyte.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide(PEO) were prepared by using LiClO4 as doping salt and silane-modified SiO2 as filler. SiO2 was formed in-situ in (PEO)8LiClO4 matrix by the hydrolysis and con...Composite polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide(PEO) were prepared by using LiClO4 as doping salt and silane-modified SiO2 as filler. SiO2 was formed in-situ in (PEO)8LiClO4 matrix by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of Si(OC4H9)4. The crystallinity,morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,atom force microscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy,respectively. Compared with the crystallinity of the unmodified SiO2 as inert filler,that of composite polymer electrolytes is decreased. The results show that silane-modified SiO2 particles are uniformly dispersed in (PEO)8LiClO4 composite polymer electrolyte film and the addition of silane-modified SiO2 increases the ionic conductivity of the (PEO)8LiClO4 more noticeably. When the mass fraction of SiO2 is about 10%,the conductivity of (PEO)8LiClO4-modified SiO2 attains a maximum value of 4.8×10-5 S·cm-1.展开更多
文摘Very Highly Efficient Reduction of CO_2 to CH_4 Using Metal-Free N-Doped Carbon Electrodes X.Sun,X.Kang,Q.Zhu,J.Ma,G.Yang,Z.Liu,B.Han Chem.Sci.DOI：10.1039/C5SC04158A以不含金属的氮杂碳为催化剂,离子液体为电解质,将CO_2还原为CH_4的法拉第效率为93.5%,
基金Project(2005CB623703) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50721003) supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Innovation Group of China
文摘The effects of BaO addition on the phase composition,relative density and electric conductivity of xCu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 (x=5,10) cermets were studied,which were prepared with cold isostatic pressing-sintering process.The results show that the relative densities of 5Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermet doped with 1% BaO (mass fraction) and 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermet doped with 1% BaO sintered at 1 473 K in nitrogen atmosphere,are increased by about 9.86% and 9.75% compared with the undoped BaO cermets,respectively.And the electric conductivities 22.79 S/cm of 5Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets adding 1% BaO and 23.10 S/cm of 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets adding 1% BaO are obtained,which are 2.21 times and 1.47 times of those of undoped samples,respectively.Moreover,the 10Cu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 cermets doped with 1% BaO have a maximum σ0 of 58.91 S/cm and electric conductivity of 23.10 S/cm at 1 233 K.Maybe low melting-point phases of BaFe2O4 and Ba2Fe2O5 have an excellent electric conductivity in xCu/10NiO-NiFe2O4 (x=5,10) cermets at 1 233 K.
基金Project(2007BAE12B01)supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20803095)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.
文摘The perovskite-type oxide solid solution Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction and its single phase character was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The conduction property of the sample was investigated by alternating current impedance spectroscopy and gas concentration cell methods under different gases atmospheres in the temperature range of 500-900 ℃. The performance of the hydrogen-air fuel cell using the sample as solid electrolyte was measured. In wet hydrogen, the sample is a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 in the range of 500-600 ℃, a mixed conductor of proton and electron with the protonic transport number of 0.945-0.933 above 600 ℃. In wet air, the sample is a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion, and electronic hole. The protonic transport numbers are 0.010-0.021, and the oxide ionic transport numbers are 0.471-0.382. In hydrogen-air fuel cell, the sample is a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion and electron, the ionic transport numbers are 0.942 0.885. The fuel cell using Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α as solid electrolyte can work stably. At 900 ℃, the maximum power output density is 110,2 mW/cm2, which is higher than that of our previous cell using Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α （x〈≤1, RE=Y, Eu, Ho） as solid electrolyte.
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide(PEO) were prepared by using LiClO4 as doping salt and silane-modified SiO2 as filler. SiO2 was formed in-situ in (PEO)8LiClO4 matrix by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of Si(OC4H9)4. The crystallinity,morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,atom force microscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy,respectively. Compared with the crystallinity of the unmodified SiO2 as inert filler,that of composite polymer electrolytes is decreased. The results show that silane-modified SiO2 particles are uniformly dispersed in (PEO)8LiClO4 composite polymer electrolyte film and the addition of silane-modified SiO2 increases the ionic conductivity of the (PEO)8LiClO4 more noticeably. When the mass fraction of SiO2 is about 10%,the conductivity of (PEO)8LiClO4-modified SiO2 attains a maximum value of 4.8×10-5 S·cm-1.
