Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scann...Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.展开更多
After being examined by radiology, 30 chickens with experimental and natural osteopetrosis (OP) were selected for electron microscopy to make clear the relationship between radiological lesions and ultrastructural app...After being examined by radiology, 30 chickens with experimental and natural osteopetrosis (OP) were selected for electron microscopy to make clear the relationship between radiological lesions and ultrastructural appearances. Fourteen cases were positive (+), 4 cases were moderate (++), 6 cases were strong (+++), 3 cases were suspicious (±), and 3 cases were negative (-) control. Electron micrographs of tibiae from 30 cases were examined. Bones of the 3 controls were ultrastructurally normal. Virions were observed in suspicious cases and positive cases (+, ++, +++). In size, morphology and ultrastructure, they resembled avian type C oncoviruses. The observation provides pathogenic evidence for OP radiological diagnosis. The OP suspicious cases and positive cases (+, ++, +++) had ultrastructural changes characterized by osteocyte necrosis, enlarged bone lacunae and vascular lesions etc. The correlation between radiology and electron microscopy provided ultrastructural evidence for OP radiological diagnosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2006CB403701)the Macao Foundation for Development of Science and Technology (No.023/2006/A)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining (China University of Mining and Technology) (No.SKLCRSM09KFB04)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.20090461213)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Innovation Foundation (No.200902016)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University
文摘Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39770570)
文摘After being examined by radiology, 30 chickens with experimental and natural osteopetrosis (OP) were selected for electron microscopy to make clear the relationship between radiological lesions and ultrastructural appearances. Fourteen cases were positive (+), 4 cases were moderate (++), 6 cases were strong (+++), 3 cases were suspicious (±), and 3 cases were negative (-) control. Electron micrographs of tibiae from 30 cases were examined. Bones of the 3 controls were ultrastructurally normal. Virions were observed in suspicious cases and positive cases (+, ++, +++). In size, morphology and ultrastructure, they resembled avian type C oncoviruses. The observation provides pathogenic evidence for OP radiological diagnosis. The OP suspicious cases and positive cases (+, ++, +++) had ultrastructural changes characterized by osteocyte necrosis, enlarged bone lacunae and vascular lesions etc. The correlation between radiology and electron microscopy provided ultrastructural evidence for OP radiological diagnosis.
