基于模糊PID算法的电子离合器系统离合器位置控制研究

文章以电子离合器系统为控制对象,用Matbab软件建立了电子离合器的仿真模型,并使用模糊PID算法对离合器位置进行闭环控制,该算法兼具模糊控制和PID控制的算法优点。仿真结果表明,模糊PID算法比传统算法有更好的抑制超调和抗干扰能力,该算法为电子离合器系统的离合器位置精准控制提供了更优的解决方案。

电子离合器的研究分析

随着我国社会的不断发展,人们对汽车工业方面的发展投入了越来越多的关注。在现代化程度建设逐渐发达的情况下,人们对汽车的依赖程度持续增高,汽车已经成为了当代的主要交通工具之一。电子离合器是汽车的一个主要功能设备,对汽车的性能以及驾驶安全程度均有一定的影响,为了能够进一步的促进汽车工业的发展,就必须要对汽车电子离合器的新技术应用进行研究。

Metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon for the advanced aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitor

Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors(ZIHCs)are considered one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high safety,environmental friendliness,low cost,and high power density.However,the low energy density and the lack of sustainable design strategies for the cathodes hinder the practical application of ZIHCs.Herein,we design the N and O co-doped porous carbon cathode by annealing metal-organic framework(ZIF-8).ZIF-8 retains the original dodecahedral structure with a high specific surface(2814.67 m^(2)/g)and I_(G)/I_(D) ratio of 1.0 during carbonization and achieves self-doping of N and O heteroatoms.Abundant defect sites are introduced into the porous carbon to provide additional active sites for ion adsorption after the activation of carbonized ZIF-8 by KOH treatment.The ZIHCs assembled with modified ZIF-8 as the cathode and commercial zinc foil as the anode show an energy density of 125 W∙h/kg and a power density of 79 W/kg.In addition,this ZIHCs device achieves capacity retention of 77.8%after 9000 electrochemical cycles,which is attributed to the diverse pore structure and plentiful defect sites of ZIF-8-800(KOH).The proposed strategy may be useful in developing high-performance metal-ion hybrid capacitors for large-scale energy storage.

并非智能离合器气病

智能电子离合器其实就是一种自动的离合装置,采用机电一体化的专业技术,不论挂入或摘开那个档位,完全模仿人工离合的动作。由于具有高智能化的动作表现,确实能缩短离合器的磨损和不必要的发动机能量消耗,即使踩制动或是紧急制动,也会使发动机保护滞后牵引力,同时避免了发动机熄火。

Sliding Mode Control Approach for Electrically Controllable Clutch of AMT Based on the Feedback Linearization

A sliding mode control approach based on the feedback linearization is proposed for the electrically controllable clutch of AMT vehicles. The nonlinear dynamic model for the hydraulic actuator associated with clutch is established. By means of the exact feedback linearization procedure of differential geometry, an equivalent, fully controllable and linear model is derived via a homomorphic transformation for the AMT clutch system.Furthermore, a sliding mode control is introduced to improve robustness. The tracking tests are performed using the sliding mode control on a Santana LX passenger car, and the experimental results prove that this nonlinear controller is of fine robustness and high degree of tracking accuracy.

Hydrothermal synthesis and energy storage performance of ultrafine Ce2Sn2O7 nanocubes

Ultrafine cube-shape Ce2Sn2O7 nanoparticles crystallized in pure pyrochlore phase with a size of about 10 nm have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method.Conditional experiments have been conducted to optimize the processing parameters including temperature,pH,reaction duration,precipitator types to obtain phase-pure Ce2Sn2O7.The crystal structure,morphology and sizes and specific surface area have been characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),Raman spectrum,transmission electron microscope(TEM),high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).The as-synthesized Ce2Sn2O7 ultrafine nanocubes have been evaluated as electrode materials for pseudo-capacitors and lithium ion batteries.When testing as supercapacitors,a high specific capacitance of 222 F/g at 0.1 A/g and a good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of higher than 86%after 5000 cycle have been achieved.When targeted for anode material for lithium ion batteries,the nanocubes deliver a high specific reversible capacity of more than 900 mA·h/g at 0.05C rate.The rate capability and cycling performance is also very promising as compared with the traditional graphite anode.

Carbonaceous mesophase spherule/activated carbon composite as anode materials for super lithium ion capacitors

A series of carbonaceous mesophase spherule/activated carbon composites were prepared as anode materials for super lithium ion capacitors using carbonaceous mesophase spherules as the core materials and pitch as the active carbon shell precursor.The structures of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry.The electrochemical performance was investigated in electric double layer capacitor and half-cell.The results show that,the composite exhibits good performance in both capacitor and battery with a high reversible capacity of 306.6 mA·h/g(0.2C) in the half-cell,along with a capacitance of 25.8 F/g in the capacitor when an optimum ratio of carbonaceous mesophase spherules to active carbon is adopted.The composite also shows a favorable rate performance and good cycle ability.A working model of this anode in super lithium ion capacitors was established.

The Effect of Clutch Wobbling and Mixed Eccentricity on Induction Machine Stator Currents

Faults and failures of induction machines can indeed lead to excessive costs, hence, there is a strong demand in the industry for adopting diagnosis techniques to assess and evaluate current condition of electrical machines. Eccentricity related faults as well as clutch wobbling constitute major portions of the faults related to induction motors. This paper presents the effect of clutch wobbling and mixed eccentricity on induction machine stator currents and the possibility of distinguishing between each ailment via comparing the abnormal harmonics contained in stator current spectrums in each case. In this paper, the current spectrum of a four pole-pairs, 550 kW, induction machine were calculated for the cases of full symmetry, clutch wobbling, and mixed eccentricity. The calculations involve integration of 93 electrical plus four mechanical ordinary differential equations. Electrical equations account for variable inductances affected by slotting and eccentricities. The calculations were followed by Fourier analysis of the stator currents. Zooms of the current spectrums, around the 50 Hz fundamental harmonic as well as of the main slot harmonic zone, of both calculated and measured currents are included. The spectrums presented in this paper rely on calculations that are performed with dedicated software which is owned by AGH University of Science and Technology.

Aluminum（Ⅲ）ion sensor based on the sensitive membrane containing nano.sizedAL2O3 powders

An AI^3＋ sensor based on the membrane of acetyl cellulose containing nano γ-Al2O3 crystals was studied. In the buffer solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3COOH-CH3COONa （pH=5.0）, the sensor responds to AI^3＋ in a linear range from 1.00×10^-5 to 1.00x10-^2 mol/L. A near-Nernstian response was obtained and the regression equation was E （mv） = -161.4-26.54 Ig [AI^3＋] with a detection limit of 7.90x10^-6 mol/L. More than 14 different ions as the considered interferences were tested and the relevant selectivity coefficients were determined using the separate solution method （SSM）. The sensor possesses many advantages including short conditioning time, fast response, and, especially, very good selectivity over a wide variety of other co-existing ions. The sample analysis on the aluminium migration amount from aluminium utensils to the solution was determined by this sensor. The analytical results were agreed with that of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy（ICP-RES）.

Recent progress and future prospects of sodium-ion capacitors

To satisfy the requirements for various electric systems and energy storage devices with both high energy density and power density as well as long lifespan, sodium-ion capacitors(SICs) consisting of battery anode and supercapacitor cathode, have attracted much attention due to the abundant resources and low cost of sodium source. SICs bridge the gap between the batteries and the supercapacitors,which can be used as competitive candidates for large-scale energy storage. In this review, the battery-type anode materials and the capacitor-type cathode materials are classified and introduced in detail. The advantages of various electrolytes including organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes and ion liquid electrolytes are also discussed sequentially. In addition, from the perspective of practical value, the presentations of the SICs at the current situation and the potential application in urban rail are displayed. Finally, the challenge,future research and prospects towards the SICs are put forward.

Post-annealing tailored 3D cross-linked TiNb2O7 nanorod electrode: towards superior lithium storage for flexible lithium-ion capacitors

TiNb2O7 anode materials(TNO)have unique potential for applications in Li-ion capacitors(LICs)due to their high specific capacity of ca.280 mA h g^-1 over a wide anodic Li-insertion potential window.However,their highrate capability is limited by their poor electronic and ionic conductivity.In particular,studies on TNO for LICs are lacking and that for flexible LICs have not yet been reported.Herein,a unique TNO porous electrode with cross-linked nanorods tailored by post-annealing and its application in flexible LICs are reported.This binder-free TNO anode exhibits superior rate performance(~66.3%capacity retention as the rate increases from 1 to 40 C),which is ascribed to the greatly shortened ion-diffusion length in TNO nanorods,facile electrolyte penetration and fast electron transport along the continuous single-crystalline nanorod network.Furthermore,the TNO anode shows an excellent cycling stability up to 2000 cycles and good flexibility(no capacity loss after continuous bending for 500 times).Model flexible LIC assembled with the TNO anode and activated carbon cathode exhibits increased gravimetric and volumetric energy/power densities(~100.6 W h kg^-1/4108.8 W kg^-1;10.7 mW h cm^-3/419.3 mW cm^-3),more superior to previously reported hybrid supercapacitors.The device also efficiently powers an LED light upon 180°bending.

Plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells by coupling of gold nanocrystals

The noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver and copper, has been widely incorporated into the photoelectronic devices acting as a light-harvesting an- tenna and enhancing photocurrents through their light scattering or localized surface plasmon resonance effects. Here, this article presented the investigations into the use of gold nanocrystals to realize the plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation in TiO2 nanorod-based quantum dots-sensitized solar cells （QDSSCs）. By introducing the gold nanocrystals, the short-circuit current density （Jsc） of QDSSCs was enhanced more than 10 % from 7.788 to 8.574 mA/cm^2 due to the direct injection of hot electrons from the gold nanocrystals to the photoanode. In order to confirm such conclusion, composite Au/TiO2 nanostructure was also fabricated. Indeed, the hot electrons injection resulted photocurrent density of ～5 mA/cm^2 was clearly observed under the visible light irradiation.

Filling and unfilling carbon capsules with transition metal oxide nanoparticles for Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors:towards hundred grade energy density

Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors （Li-HECs） facilitate effective combination of the advantages of supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries （LIBs）. However, challenges remain in designing and preparing suitable anode and cathode materials, which often require tedious and expensive procedures. Herein, we demonstrated that hollow N-doped carbon capsules （HNC） with and without a Fe304 nanoparticle core can respectively function as the anode and the cathode in very-high-performance Li-HECs. The Fe3Oa@NC anode exhibited a high reversible specific capacity exceeding 1530 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 and excellent rate capability （45% capacity retention from 0.1 to 5 A g^-1） and cycle stability （〉97% retention after 100 cycles）. Moreover, high rate performance was achieved in a full-cell using the HNC cathode. By combining the respective structural advantages of the components, the hybrid device with Fe3Oa@NC//HN C exhibited a remark- able energy density of 185 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 39 W kg^-1. The hybrid device furnished a battery-inaccessible power density of 28 kW kg^-1 with rapid charging/discharging within 9 s at an energy density of 95 W h kg^-1.