High-temperature corrosion is a serious problem for the water-wall tubes of boilers used in thermal power plants. Oxidation, sulfidation and molten salt corrosion are main corrosion ways.Thereinto, the most severe cor...High-temperature corrosion is a serious problem for the water-wall tubes of boilers used in thermal power plants. Oxidation, sulfidation and molten salt corrosion are main corrosion ways.Thereinto, the most severe corrosion occurs in molten salt corrosion environment. Materials rich in oxides formers, such as chromium and aluminum, are needed to resist corrosion in high-temperature and corrosive environment, but processability of such bulk alloys is very limited. High velocity electric arc spraying (HVAS) technology is adopted to produce coatings with high corrosion resistance. By comparison, NiCr (Ni-45Cr-4Ti) is recommended as a promising alloy coating for the water-wall tubes, which can even resist molten salt corrosion attack. In the study of corrosion mechanism, the modern material analysis methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), are used. It is found that the corrosion resistances of NiCr and FeCrAI coatings are much better than that of 20g steel, that the NiCr coatings have the best anti-corrosion properties, and that the NiCr coatings have slightly lower pores than FeCrAI coatings.It is testified that corrosion resistance of coatings is mainly determined by chromium content, and the microstructure of a coating is as important as the chemical composition of the material. In addition, the fracture mechanisms of coatings in the cycle of heating and cooling are put forward. The difference of the thermal physical properties between coatings and base metals results in the thermal stress inside the coatings. Consequently, the coatings spall from the base metal.展开更多
Flexible strain sensor devices were fabricated by depositing Pd nanoclusters on PET membranes patterned with interdigital electrodes. The sensors responded to the deformation of the PET membranes with the conductance ...Flexible strain sensor devices were fabricated by depositing Pd nanoclusters on PET membranes patterned with interdigital electrodes. The sensors responded to the deformation of the PET membranes with the conductance changes of the nanocluster films and were characterized by both high gauge factor and wide detection range. The response characteristics of the strain sensors were found to depend strongly on the nanocluster coverage, which was attributed to the percolative nature of the electron transport in the closely spaced nanocluster arrays. By controlling the nanocluster deposition process, a strain sensor composed of nanocluster arrays with a coverage close to the effective percolation threshold was fabricated. The sensor device showed a linear response with a stable gauge factor of 55 for the applied strains from the lower detection limit up to 0.3%. At higher applied strains, a gauge factor as high as 200 was shown. The nanocluster films also demonstrated the ability to response to large deformations up to 8% applied strain, with an extremely high gauge factor of 3500.展开更多
The preparation of calcium phosphate （CP） coating on alumina ceramics using electric pulse stimulating methoe has been investigated. The cup-shaped alumina ceramics were soaked in a simulated body fluid （SBF）, and...The preparation of calcium phosphate （CP） coating on alumina ceramics using electric pulse stimulating methoe has been investigated. The cup-shaped alumina ceramics were soaked in a simulated body fluid （SBF）, and a square pulse potential with frequency of 1 Hz and voltage of 110 V was applied between the inner and outer surfaces of the alumina cup. Surface morphology of CP coatings during different deposition periods was observed by a Philips XL-30 scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Compositional analysis was examined by EDAX. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of CP coating was discussed. SEM result indicates that the coating comprises of a large number of tiny needle-like grains and has a porous microstructure. There is a strong bond between the deposited layer and Al2O3 substrate, which may be due to the gentle growth of the biomimetic method. The EDAX analysis indicates that main composition of the coating is calcium and phosphor. The formation of CP coating may be contributed to the stimulation of electric pulse and the high ions concentration which is 1.5 times of the concentration of SBF solution （1.5SBF solution）. Such surface functionalization method by electric pulse potential can be used to prepare CP coating on various electric-insulating bioinert materials for improving their bioactive character.展开更多
In this paper, we derive a unified scattering theory model for current noise based on the equivalent contact model of the scattering region. Our model seamlessly covers the whole range of transport regimes from cohere...In this paper, we derive a unified scattering theory model for current noise based on the equivalent contact model of the scattering region. Our model seamlessly covers the whole range of transport regimes from coherent transport to incoherent transport and it also includes the effects of Pauli exclusion and Coulomb interaction on shot noise.展开更多
By using the first-principles calculations,we have systematically investigated the adsorption of atomic oxygen on Cu(111) surface for a wide range of coverages Θ(from 0.11 to 1.00 ML) and adsorption sites.We found th...By using the first-principles calculations,we have systematically investigated the adsorption of atomic oxygen on Cu(111) surface for a wide range of coverages Θ(from 0.11 to 1.00 ML) and adsorption sites.We found that the fcc-hollow site is the most stable site for oxygen adsorption.The adsorption energy decreases with increasing oxygen coverage due to the increasing repulsive interaction in the overlayer O adatoms.Except for coverage of 1.00 ML,the oxygen-induced lateral relaxations and bucklings are found in the outermost three Cu layers,and the hillock-like as well as ridge-like bucklings are also found for Θ=0.25 ML and Θ=0.75 ML as well as Θ=0.50 ML,respectively.With an increasing oxygen coverage,the work function increases and the surface dipole moment decreases.Electron transfer from the first layer Cu atoms to O adatoms indicates the O-Cu bond having some degree of ionic character,while the hybridization between O 2p and Cu 3d orbitals implies that it also has some degree of covalence character.Moreover,with the increasing oxygen coverage,more Cu 3d and O 2p states are empty thus weakening the binding of O/Cu(111) system,but increase in the PDOS at the Fermi level.This implies an enhancement in the metallic character of the O/Cu(111) system.展开更多
文摘High-temperature corrosion is a serious problem for the water-wall tubes of boilers used in thermal power plants. Oxidation, sulfidation and molten salt corrosion are main corrosion ways.Thereinto, the most severe corrosion occurs in molten salt corrosion environment. Materials rich in oxides formers, such as chromium and aluminum, are needed to resist corrosion in high-temperature and corrosive environment, but processability of such bulk alloys is very limited. High velocity electric arc spraying (HVAS) technology is adopted to produce coatings with high corrosion resistance. By comparison, NiCr (Ni-45Cr-4Ti) is recommended as a promising alloy coating for the water-wall tubes, which can even resist molten salt corrosion attack. In the study of corrosion mechanism, the modern material analysis methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), are used. It is found that the corrosion resistances of NiCr and FeCrAI coatings are much better than that of 20g steel, that the NiCr coatings have the best anti-corrosion properties, and that the NiCr coatings have slightly lower pores than FeCrAI coatings.It is testified that corrosion resistance of coatings is mainly determined by chromium content, and the microstructure of a coating is as important as the chemical composition of the material. In addition, the fracture mechanisms of coatings in the cycle of heating and cooling are put forward. The difference of the thermal physical properties between coatings and base metals results in the thermal stress inside the coatings. Consequently, the coatings spall from the base metal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11627806)a Project funded by the Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Flexible strain sensor devices were fabricated by depositing Pd nanoclusters on PET membranes patterned with interdigital electrodes. The sensors responded to the deformation of the PET membranes with the conductance changes of the nanocluster films and were characterized by both high gauge factor and wide detection range. The response characteristics of the strain sensors were found to depend strongly on the nanocluster coverage, which was attributed to the percolative nature of the electron transport in the closely spaced nanocluster arrays. By controlling the nanocluster deposition process, a strain sensor composed of nanocluster arrays with a coverage close to the effective percolation threshold was fabricated. The sensor device showed a linear response with a stable gauge factor of 55 for the applied strains from the lower detection limit up to 0.3%. At higher applied strains, a gauge factor as high as 200 was shown. The nanocluster films also demonstrated the ability to response to large deformations up to 8% applied strain, with an extremely high gauge factor of 3500.
文摘The preparation of calcium phosphate （CP） coating on alumina ceramics using electric pulse stimulating methoe has been investigated. The cup-shaped alumina ceramics were soaked in a simulated body fluid （SBF）, and a square pulse potential with frequency of 1 Hz and voltage of 110 V was applied between the inner and outer surfaces of the alumina cup. Surface morphology of CP coatings during different deposition periods was observed by a Philips XL-30 scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Compositional analysis was examined by EDAX. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of CP coating was discussed. SEM result indicates that the coating comprises of a large number of tiny needle-like grains and has a porous microstructure. There is a strong bond between the deposited layer and Al2O3 substrate, which may be due to the gentle growth of the biomimetic method. The EDAX analysis indicates that main composition of the coating is calcium and phosphor. The formation of CP coating may be contributed to the stimulation of electric pulse and the high ions concentration which is 1.5 times of the concentration of SBF solution （1.5SBF solution）. Such surface functionalization method by electric pulse potential can be used to prepare CP coating on various electric-insulating bioinert materials for improving their bioactive character.
基金This research was financially supported by Scientific Research Fund of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department （Grant No. 2013K1115） ,the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61106062）, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （Grant No. K50511050007）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for AnKang University （Grant No. AYQDZR201206）.
文摘In this paper, we derive a unified scattering theory model for current noise based on the equivalent contact model of the scattering region. Our model seamlessly covers the whole range of transport regimes from coherent transport to incoherent transport and it also includes the effects of Pauli exclusion and Coulomb interaction on shot noise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51071098)the State Key Development for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2010CB631002)
文摘By using the first-principles calculations,we have systematically investigated the adsorption of atomic oxygen on Cu(111) surface for a wide range of coverages Θ(from 0.11 to 1.00 ML) and adsorption sites.We found that the fcc-hollow site is the most stable site for oxygen adsorption.The adsorption energy decreases with increasing oxygen coverage due to the increasing repulsive interaction in the overlayer O adatoms.Except for coverage of 1.00 ML,the oxygen-induced lateral relaxations and bucklings are found in the outermost three Cu layers,and the hillock-like as well as ridge-like bucklings are also found for Θ=0.25 ML and Θ=0.75 ML as well as Θ=0.50 ML,respectively.With an increasing oxygen coverage,the work function increases and the surface dipole moment decreases.Electron transfer from the first layer Cu atoms to O adatoms indicates the O-Cu bond having some degree of ionic character,while the hybridization between O 2p and Cu 3d orbitals implies that it also has some degree of covalence character.Moreover,with the increasing oxygen coverage,more Cu 3d and O 2p states are empty thus weakening the binding of O/Cu(111) system,but increase in the PDOS at the Fermi level.This implies an enhancement in the metallic character of the O/Cu(111) system.
