PE浮球覆盖下水面蒸发抑制率及水质影响研究

针对我国北方干旱地区湖面和水库无效蒸发量过大问题,采用物理覆盖法,通过使用不同直径、不同颜色PE浮球对水面进行覆盖,研究其蒸发抑制率和对水质产生的影响。结果表明,PE浮球对水面蒸发抑制效果较好,不同直径浮球间蒸发抑制率有所差异,直径为100 mm、80 mm、60 mm的浮球蒸发抑制率分别为70.79%、75.91%、75.35%。浮球覆盖也可以一定程度降低水体中盐分和TDS的上升速率,试验中PE球覆盖蒸发池的盐度、TDS、电导率较无覆盖蒸发池的上升速率分别降低了18.5%、17.5%、18.4%。PE浮球物理覆盖法具有较好的抑制蒸发和降低水体部分溶质浓度上升速率的效果。

Calculation of saturation in carbonate reservoirs based on electrical efficiency

We derived an equation for saturation in carbonate reservoirs based on the electrical efficiency model in the case of lacking core data. Owing to the complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs, the relation between electrical efficiency and water porosity is either complex or linear. We proposed an electrical efficiency equation that accounts for the relation between electrical efficiency and water porosity. We also proposed a power-law relation between electrical efficiency and deep-formation resistivity and analyzed the factors controlling the error in the water saturation computations. We concluded that the calculation accuracy of the electrical efficiency is critical to the application of the saturation equation. The saturation equation was applied to the carbonate reservoirs of three wells in Iraq and Indonesia. For relative rock electrical efficiency error below 0.1, the water saturation absolute error is also below 0.1. Therefore, we infer that the proposed saturation equation generally satisfies the evaluation criteria for carbonate reservoirs.

人工海水制备系统的浓盐水制备过程设计

人工制备海水要求在有限的时间内自动制备具有精确盐度与电导率的人工海水,其中的一个重要环节是浓盐水制备工艺过程.首先,设计了浓盐水制备工艺流程、制备装置和自动控制系统.工艺流程是在浓盐水罐中补充淡水或低浓度海水,加入海盐,循环搅拌和定量排出的过程.制备装置是由盐水罐、截止阀、电磁阀、回止阀、过滤器、搅拌器和管路系统等组成的,采用可编程控制器实现自动工艺流程控制.其次,进行了软件设计,将制备工艺过程分成4种工况分别设计:海盐与目标水池水量不足、海盐与目标水池水量过量、海盐不足而目标水池水位达到、海盐溶解完毕与目标水池水位未达到.最后,软件系统编程实现了工艺流程动作顺序的逻辑控制,完成了复杂工艺流程的自动控制.

化学系

电导盐度定义的新进展——实用盐度标度定义(1978)，海水主要电解质组成对电导盐度和比重的影响——一种加和性关系，河口海区污染物稀释规律的研究——污染物稀释过程的一种数学模式(2)，长江口海水比重的直接测定，油田水提碘研究(1)……

Electrical conductivity and viscosity of cryolite electrolytes for solar grade silicon(Si-SoG) electrowinning

Electrical conductivity of molten binary and ternary mixtures based on the system NaF-AlF3-SiO2 was investigated by means of a tube–cell （made of pyrolytic boron nitride） with stationary electrodes. Viscosity of the binary system Na3AlF6-SiO2 was measured by computerized torsion pendulum method. It was found that conductivity and viscosity varied linearly with temperature in all investigated mixtures. Obtained content dependence of electrical conductivity （isotherms） was divided into two parts. First, one represented the content region up to 10%（mole fraction） of SiO2;second, the region was with a higher content of SiO2 （from 10%up to 40%）. While the conductivity considerably decreased with content of SiO2 in the second part; it surprisingly rose in the low content range. A small addition of SiO2 to the molten cryolite （up to 10%） could slightly increase viscosity, but had no influence on the slope of this dependence since it is responsible for a glassy-networks formation in the melt. Further addition of SiO2 to the molten cryolite had a huge effect on the viscosity.

Influence of Magnetic Treatment on Salts Leaching： From Soils of Different Salinity Levels

Leaching behavior of individual ions from three saline soils （S1 = 85.0 dS/m, S2 = 53.92 dS/m and S3 = 38.14 dS/m） under magnetic water （MW） treatment or non-magnetized well water （WW） was investigated in column study. After five pore volumes, soil electrical conductivity （EC） decreased to a range between 2.99-3.29 dS/m under the two water treatments. The rate of soluble cations leached was Na＋ 〉 Ca2＋ 〉 Mg2＋ 〉 K＋ and CI- 〉 SO42- 〉 HCO3- for anions under the two water treatments. The greater amount of salt leached was during the first two pore volumes and was higher under MW treatment. Among soils, the higher the initial EC, the greater the amount of the salt leached. Measurements of the exchangeable Na~ performed at the end of leaching experiment showed a high decrease in soil exchangeable Na＋ compared to the initial values of sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） and exchangeable sodium percentage （ESP） in the soil indicated that there was no prospects of soil sodification after leaching with five pore volumes.