需求理论下的人物性格塑造——以《浓情巧克力》为例

人生来就是向往幸福与美好的,而巧克力这种甜食往往是美好的象征。正如《浓情巧克力》中所说“它能释放人的内心,表达人的需求。”纵观全片,镇长对小镇的束缚,从人对美好事物的追求到对男女社会地位的不平等和被束缚的人性以及对爱和美好的追逐的倡导,这些都反映出欧洲社会对人性的忽略、男女地位的不平等、语言暴力以及自由恋爱权利被剥夺等社会问题。而巧克力正是影片中代表解放心灵的物体,也是在呼吁政府与社会关注人民大众的需求,对幸福美好的追求以及社会风气的改变。本文试从马斯洛需求理论的角度出发,探讨人的需求,从而“解放”人性。

从艺术物性论看贾樟柯的影像美学

在现实主义风格背后,是贾樟柯清醒的电影物性论自觉与材料语言的创新意识,后者是他在中国当代电影中占据重要位置的关键因素。贾樟柯反对造型形式主导的视觉美,故意暴露影像材料,凸显了电影作为物质的触觉美。影像现成品的挪用,凸显了电影自身的物质媒介属性,也使其电影成了具有自我指涉与自我反思的元电影。长镜头对日常生活物品的凝视抑制了虚幻的视觉欲望快感,凸显了物品的触觉深度与社会语义。演员的非职业化使用去除了表演性,凸显了底层社会群体的物质化身体。

Dream boy： Discuss Kes and Billy Elliot in relation to Raymond Williams＇s Categories of Culture

By contrasting the two British films, KesI and Billy Elliot2, which in different historical periods, the paper is a comparative cultural study to films. Aside from the similarities, the differences between the two films precisely show the cultural and social differences in reality. In Raymond Williams＇ s theory of cultural materialism, culture can be divided into three categories--the dominant, residual and emergent. In relation to this, the ＇cultural hybridity＇ can be shown clearly among the problems （eg. gender, class, sexuality, etc） that the two films involve. Then, I suggest that the relationships between Kes and the ＇emergent culture＇ is an important cultural aspect which Kes exceeds to Billy Elliot.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of CMSLDS/Acrylate Copolymeric Blending Films for Warp Sizing

Carboxymethyl starch with lower degree of substitution was, blended with acrylate copolymer for revealing the relation between mechanical properties and chemical structure of blending film. Effects of carboxymethylation of starch, acrylate constituent units of acrylate copolymers, and copolymer content of the film on the properties were investigated. The mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, abrasion resistance, and flex-fatigue resistance. Film morphology was examined with X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and atomic force microscope （AFM）. It was found that the properties depended on the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl starch, chemical structure of acrylate units, and content of acrylate copolymer. Phase-separation of the two ingredients occurred within film matrix and the separation was decreased after starch carboxymethylation. Breaking elongation and flex-fatigue resistance of the film reached maximmns when acrylate copolymer content was 50%. Excessively increasing the content of acrylate copolymer reduced the film properties.

Voltage-Based Hot-Spot Detection Method for Defective Cell in Photovoltaic Module Using Projector

This paper proposes a voltage-based hot-spot detection method for defective cells in PV module using projector. The presence of internal crystal defects is one of the main causes of hot-spot phenomenon in PV modules. Authors previously investigated the physical characteristics of hot-spot phenomenon referring to internal crystal defect. Based on it, a hot-spot detection method named as current-based SRC （self reverse current） detection method is developed. However, it becomes extraordinarily complicated to determine the defective cells under low illumination. In order to avoid this disadvantage, authors improve the SRC detection method by applying voltage. From the feasibility experiment results, it is confirmed that by calculating cell HSI （hotspots index） with voltage, the PV modules with defective cells can be prospectively excluded even under low illumination.

Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT：PSS film via sulfonic acid modification： application as transparent electrode for ITO-free polymer solar cells

3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid(HPSA)was applied as a modification layer on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)film via spin-coating,resulting in a massive boost of the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film,and thus the as-formed PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film was successfully used as a transparent electrode for ITO-free polymer solar cells(PSCs).Under the optimized concentration of HPSA(0.2 mol L^(-1)),the PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film has a conductivity of 1020 S cm^(-1),which is improved by about 1400 times of the pristine PEDOT:PSS film(0.7 S cm^(-1)).The sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film was 98Ωsq^(-1),and its transparency in the visible range was over 80%.Both parameters are comparable to those of ITO,enabling its suitability as the transparent electrode.According to atomic force microscopy(AFM),UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopic measurements,the conductivity enhancement was resulted from the removal of PSS moiety by methanol solvent and HPSA-induced segregation of insulating PSS chains along with the conformation transition of the conductive PEDOT chains within PEDOT:PSS.Upon applying PEDOT:PSS/HPSA bilayer film as the transparent electrode substituting ITO,the ITO-free polymer solar cells(PSCs)based on poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(71)BM)(PCDTBT:PC_(71)BM)active layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.52%,which is comparable to that of the traditional ITO-based devices.

Giant negative photoresistance of epitaxial manganite La_(2/3)Ca_(1/3)MnO_(3-δ) film

The La2/3Cal/3Mn03_σ film has been deposited on the （001） SrTiO3 substrate and its temper- ature-dependent photoconductive properties have been investigated from 80 to 300 K. The La2/3Cal/3MnO3-σ film has a novel photoelectric property due to its oxygen-deficient structure. We observed laser-induced giant negative photoresistance of the sample in a wide temperature range. The change rate of negative photoresistance was nearly 100% at the low temperature when the sample was irradiated by 532 nm laser. In addition, this effect was sensitive to the power of laser irradiation. The oxygen-deficiency of La2/3Cal/3Mn03-σ film seems to have an impact on the laser-induced resistance variation. The experimental results made the La2/3Cal/3MnO3_σ film a promising application as a photoswitch device.