质子导电性无机非金属材料的发展及其应用

综述了质子导电性无机非金属材料的发展 ,介绍了它们在中高温燃料电池 ,氢传感器 ,氢的电解制备、分离和提纯 ,氢分子泵 ,有机合成的催化加氢和脱氢等能源变换及各种电化学装置中的应用。

导电性包装材料内的金属异物检测研究

针对铝箔包装产品中混入金属异物时,对高频磁场屏蔽而无法有效检测的问题,提出一种采用低频磁场来检测金属异物的方法。研究结果表明,利用微小磁场检测导电性包装材料内的金属异物的方法可行,检测线圈在最佳检测频率下能够得到较好的区分度,能够检测出金属异物;单线圈检测时,当检测频率为5.5 k Hz时,区分效果最好;双线圈检测时,当检测频率为7 k Hz时,区分效果最好,且检测区分度明显高于单线圈检测,金属异物的尺寸不影响检测线圈的最佳检测频率。

高导电性炭材料OFB1对铅酸蓄电池负极性能的影响研究

负极活性物质的导电性对铅蓄电池的充电接受性能和深放电循环寿命有着决定性影响。本文采用一种特殊生产工艺的高导电性炭材料OFB1作为负极导电添加剂,制备出2 V/4 Ah阀控式铅酸蓄电池,并测试了不同OFB1添加量及90%-60%不同荷电状态下动态充电接受性能、50%荷电状态下17.5%DOD深放电循环寿命等相关性能,最后深入探讨了OFB1作为负极导电添加剂对电池综合性能的影响,并得出了当最佳添加量为ω（OFB1）=0.6%时,电池的综合性能最优。

导电性复合材料有增长趋势

美国的导电性复合材料使用量，包括树脂和添加剂在内，其年增长率将达到6%，若按此比例增长，到2004年，使用量将达到5.65亿磅，总值将达到15亿美元，其中已包括树脂和添加剂的成本以及劳动力和生产过程中的其它附加成本。导电性复合材料的快速增长主因在于电子产品持续扩张，使到电子装置灵敏度和功率越来越大，电器噪声标准越来越严格，导电性聚合物将为基础树脂提供4.45亿磅的市场。

涂料用粉体材料的扫描电镜分析方法研究

涂料用粉体材料种类繁杂、结构各异,要想通过扫描电镜分析真实地反映粉体材料的微观形貌,就要根据材料的特性选择不同的分析方法。本研究将粉体材料进行分类,根据各种材料的特性,对涂料用粉体材料的扫描电镜(SEM)分析方法进行了系统的研究。

高分子敏感材料及其应用

高分子敏感材料是一种新兴的电子材料,这种材料具有半导体、导电、光电、介电及绝缘等多种功能。充分利用它的各种功能效应,可以进一步充实和扩展敏感元件的应用领域。利用高分子敏感材料可以制作湿敏、压敏、力敏、热敏、声敏、气敏、光敏、离子敏、生物敏等各种敏感元件。这种材料的主要特点是质轻、透明、柔软、易加工、成本低廉等。

Influences of transition metal on structural and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni_xCo_yMn_z]O_2(0.6≤x≤0.8) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Li[NixCoyMn2]O2（0.6≤x≤0.8） cathode materials with a typical hexagonal α-NaFeO2 structure were prepared utilizing a co-precipitation method.It is found that the ratio of peak intensities of（003） to（104） observed from X-ray diffraction（XRD）increases with decreasing the Ni content or increasing the Co content.The scanning electron microscopy（SEM） images reveal that the small primary particles are agglomerated to form the secondary ones.As the Mn content increases,the primary and secondary particles become larger and the resulted particle size for the Li[Ni（0.6）Co（0.2）Mn（0.2）]O2 is uniformly distributed in the range of100-300 nm.Although the initial discharge capacity of the Li/Li[NixCoyMn2]O2 cells reduces with decreasing the Ni content,the cyclic performance and rate capability are improved with higher Mn or Co content.The Li[Ni（0.6）Co（0.2）Mn（0.2）]O2 can deliver excellent cyclability with a capacity retention of 97.1%after 50 cycles.

Effects of preparation temperature on electrochemical performance of nitrogen-enriched carbons

The activated nitrogen-enriched novel carbons (NENCs) were prepared by direct carbonization using polyaniline coating activated mesocarbon microbead composites as the precursor. Herein the influences of the carbonization temperature on the structure and morphology of the NENCs samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm at 77 K. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cycle life, leakage current and self-discharge measurements in 6 mol/L KOH solution. The results demonstrate that the NENC samples carbonized at 600 °C show the highest specific capacitance of 385 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g and the lowest ESR value (only 0.93?). Furthermore, the capacity retention ratio of the NENCs-600 supercapacitor is 92.8 % over 2500 cycles.

Effect of boron/phosphorus-containing additives on electrodeposited CoNiFe soft magnetic thin films

CoNiFe,CoNiFeB and CoNiFeP soft magnetic thin films were prepared by cyclic voltammetry method.The morphologies,composition and structures were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope（EDS） and X-ray diffractometer（XRD）.The soft magnetic properties were investigated through vibrating sample magnetometer（VSM）.The corrosion resistance was investigated through Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic（EIS）.The results show that all the electrodeposited CoNiFe,CoNiFeB and CoNiFeP films are mixtures of crystalline and amorphous phases,and high amount of boron/phosphorus-containing additives favors the formation of amorphous state.Nanostructure is obtained in CoNiFe and CoNiFeB films.The inclusion of boron causes the film more dense and also increases its corrosion resistance.Meanwhile,the inclusion of boron lowers its coercivity（Hc） from 851.48 A/m to 604.79 A/m,but the saturation magnetic flux density（Bs） is almost unchanged.However,the addition of phosphorus greatly increases the film particle size and decreases its corrosion stability.The coercivity（Hc） of CoNiFeP film is also highly increased to 12485.79 A/m,and its saturation magnetic flux density（Bs） is greatly decreased to 1.25 T.

Microstructure characterization and thermal properties of hypereutectic Si-Al alloy for electronic packaging applications

The rapid solidified process and hot press method were performed to produce three hypereutectic 55%Si-Al, 70%Si-Al and 90%Si-Al alloys for heat dissipation materials. The results show that the atomization is an effective rapid solidified method to produce the Si-Al alloy and the size of atomized Si-Al alloy powder is less than 50 μm. The rapid solidified Si-Al alloy powder were hot pressed at 550 ℃ with the pressure of 700 MPa to obtain the relative densities of 99.4%, 99.2% and 94.4% for 55%Si-Al, 70%Si-Al and 90%Si-Al alloys, respectively. The typical physical properties, such as the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） and electrical conductivity of rapid solidified Si-Al alloys are acceptable as a heat dissipation material for many semiconductor devices. The 55%Si-Al alloy changes greatly （CTE） with the increase of temperature but obtains a good thermal conductivity. The CTE of 90%Si-Al alloy matches with the silicon very well but its thermal conductivity value is less than 100 W/（m.K）. Therefore, the 70%Si-Al alloy possesses the best comprehensive properties of CTE and thermal conductivity for using as the heat sink materials.

碳化硼陶瓷的制备及应用

介绍了碳化硼粉末工业制取的3种主要方法以及碳化硼成型和烧结的常用方法. 并系统介绍了碳化硼陶瓷作为结构材料、化学原料、电性能材料、核性能材料、复合陶瓷这5个方面的应用.

Crystallization kinetics and temperature dependence of energy storage properties of niobate glass-ceramics

Glass-ceramic materials of strontium barium niobate system were prepared through a melt-quenching method. The effects of crystallization temperature on the mierostructure, dielectric property, breakdown strength and energy storage density of barium strontium niobate glass-ceramics were studied. The crystallization mechanism of the glass-ceramics was discussed and should be one-dimensional interfacial growth. The results indicate that the breakdown strength remarkably increases with the increase of crystallization temperature. The glass-ceramic heat treated at 900 ℃ was found to possess optimal properties with breakdown strength of 1300 kV/cm and energy storage density of 2.8 J/cm3, which is promising dielectric materials for high energy storage density dielectrics.

Effect of germanium on electrochemical performance of chain-like Co-P anode material for Ni/Co rechargeable batteries

Co-P （4.9% P） powders with a chain-like morphology were prepared by a novel chemical reduction method. The Co-P and germanium powders were mixed at various mass ratios to form Co-P composite electrodes. Charge and discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were carried out to investigate the electrochemical performance, which can be significantly improved by the addition of germanium. For instance, when the mass ratio of Co-P powders to germanium is 5：1, the sample electrode shows a reversible discharge capacity of 350.3 mA·h/g and a high capacity retention rate of 95.9% after 50 cycles. The results of cyclic voltammmetry （CV） show the reaction mechanism of Co/Co（OH）2 within Co-P composite electrodes and EIS indicates that this electrode shows a low charge-transfer resistance, facilitating the oxidation of Co to Co（OH）2.

Microstructure and properties of Al/Si/SiC composites for electronic packaging

The Al/Si/SiC composites with medium volume fraction for electronic packaging were fabricated by gas pressure infiltration.On the premise of keeping the machinability of the composites,the silicon carbide particles,which have the similar size with silicon particles（average 13 μm）,were added to replace silicon particles of same volume fraction,and microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that reinforcing particles are distributed uniformly and no apparent pores are observed in the composites.It is also observed that higher thermal conductivity（TC） and flexural strength will be obtained with the addition of SiC particles.Meanwhile,coefficient of thermal expansion（CTE） changes smaller than TC.Models for predicting thermal properties were also discussed.Equivalent effective conductivity（EEC） was proposed to make H-J model suitable for hybrid particles and multimodal particle size distribution.

Effects of thermal oxidation on microwave-absorbing and mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites with PyC interphase

The SiCf/SiC composites containing PyC interphase were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration process. The influences of thermal oxidation on the complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties of Si Cf/Si C composites were investigated in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. Both the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity decreased after thermal oxidation. The composites after 100 h thermal oxidation showed that reflection loss exceeded-10 d B in the frequency of 9.7-11.9 GHz and the minimum value was-11.4 d B at 11.0 GHz. The flexural strength of composites decreased but fracture behavior was improved obviously after thermal oxidation. These results indicate that the SiCf/SiC composites containing PyC interphase after thermal oxidation possess good microwave absorbing property and fracture behavior.

Preparation and application of g-C_3N_4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite with enhanced electrocatalytic activity

We successfully designed and prepared a g-C3N4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite by a simple method and systematically investigated its morphology,microstructure,and electrocatalytic properties.The as-prepared g-C3N4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite possessed the electrocatalytic activity of g-C3N4-ZnS and the conductivity of DNA.The presence of DNA was found to enhance the electrocatalytic response of the nanocomposite towards environmental hormones,e.g.pentachlorophenol and nonylphenol,owing to the interaction between g-C3N4-ZnS and DNA,indicating that a stable nanocomposite was formed.The three components showed synergistic effects during electrocatalysis.Electrochemical impedance spectra indicated that the g-C3N4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite dramatically facilitated the electron transfer of a modified electrode.The co-doping of g-C3N4 film with ZnS and DNA doubled the electrochemical response of the modified electrode in comparison with that of unmodified g-C3N4 film.The detection limits（3 S/N） of pentachlorophenol and nonylphenol were3.3×10^-9 mol L^-1.Meanwhile,we propose a possible Z-scheme mechanism for electron transfer in the g-C3N4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite and the possible pentachlorophenol and nonylphenol electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism.The g-C3N4-ZnS-DNA nanocomposite-modified electrode was demonstrated to be effective for electrochemical sensing of trace environmental hormones in water samples.

Microstructures and properties of Al-50%SiC composites for electronic packaging applications

Al？50%SiC （volume fraction） composites containing different sizesofSiC particles （average sizesof 23, 38 and 75 μm） were prepared by powder metallurgy. The influences of SiC particle sizes and annealing on the propertiesof the compositeswere investigated. The results show that SiC particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix. The coarse SiC particles result in higher coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） and higher thermal conductivity （TC）, while fine SiC particles decrease CTE and improve flexural strength of the composites. The morphology and size of SiC particles in the composite are not influenced by the annealing treatment at 400℃for 6h. However, the CTE and the flexural strength of annealed composites are decreased slightly, and the TCis improved. The TC, CTE and flexural strength of the Al/SiC composite with averageSiC particlesize of75 μm are 156 W/（m·K）, 11.6×10^-6K^-1 and 229 MPa, respectively.

Eu离子掺杂BiFeO_3的多铁性及Raman谱研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了BiFeO3和Bi0.95Eu0.05FeO3粉末样品,并讨论了温度和Bi离子的含量对样品制备的影响。铁电性和磁性测量显示:与BiFeO3样品相比,稀土(Eu)离子掺杂的BiFeO3样品的磁性和铁电性有很大提高。Raman谱数据分析得出,Eu离子掺杂引起了BiFeO3样品的局域结构的改变。Eu离子掺杂促使BiFeO3样品的磁性提高归因于局域结构改变导致了BiFeO3样品中的自旋轮摆结构的破坏,最终使样品的磁性提高。