Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interf...Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of NaK alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the intimate contact of electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2)nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 h.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1)even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrit...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be est...Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be established for the reliable evaluation of NPMEs. In this study, platinum and graphite counter electrodes were used to investigate the impact of counter electrode material on the accelerated durability testing （ADT） of NPMEs in acidic medium. Platinum used as the coun- ter electrode in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical cell was found to dissolve in acidic medium and re-deposit on NPME coated on the working electrode during ADT. Such re-deposition causes the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） performance of NPMEs to remarkably improve, and thus will seriously mislead our judgment of NPMEs if we are unaware of it. The phenomenon can be avoided using a graphite counter electrode.展开更多
In order to obtain a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton, organic Mg fuel cell （OMFC）, the electrochemical behavior of Mg deposition on Cu and Ni metallic substrates in 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution was investi...In order to obtain a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton, organic Mg fuel cell （OMFC）, the electrochemical behavior of Mg deposition on Cu and Ni metallic substrates in 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution was investigated by SEM, EDS and electrochemical methods. The experimental results show that Mg can be electrodeposited on both substrates, as a continuous layer on a Cu substrate. Accordingly, an approach for producing a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton of OMFC was proposed by means of electrodeposition of Mg on a foamed Ni substrate with a layer of Cu pre-plating. The discharge performance of this porous Mg electrode of OMFC is superior to that of a planar Mg electrode.展开更多
To solve the problems of high energy consumption,low efficiency and short service life of conventional rare earth reduction cells,a 20 kA new rare earth reduction cell(NRERC)was presented.The effects of the anode-cath...To solve the problems of high energy consumption,low efficiency and short service life of conventional rare earth reduction cells,a 20 kA new rare earth reduction cell(NRERC)was presented.The effects of the anode-cathode distance(ACD)and electrolyte height(EH)on the thermo-electrical behavior of the NRERC were studied by ANSYS.The results illustrate that the cell voltage drop(CVD)and the temperature will rise with a similar tendency when the ACD increases.Also,the temperature rises gradually with EH,but the CVD decreases.Ultimately,when the ACD is 115 mm and the EH is 380 mm,the CVD is 4.61 V and the temperature is 1109.8℃.Under these conditions,the thermal field distribution is more reasonable and the CVD is lower,which is beneficial to the long service life and low energy consumption of the NRERC.展开更多
The current study focuses on the electrolyte penetration of the graphite cathode in a NaF−KF−LiF−AlF_(3) aluminum-electrolysis system with a cryolite ratio of 1.3.It involves a comprehensive investigation of the elect...The current study focuses on the electrolyte penetration of the graphite cathode in a NaF−KF−LiF−AlF_(3) aluminum-electrolysis system with a cryolite ratio of 1.3.It involves a comprehensive investigation of the electrolyte in the cathode before and after electrolysis by X-ray diffraction and analysis of the results by semi-quantitative calculation in MAUD.The results show that KF can promote electrolyte penetration,with higher KF contents resulting in greater penetration.During electrolyte penetration,K_(2)NaAlF_(6) and solid solutions containing KF play important roles in KF-containing systems.LiF effectively prevents the electrolyte penetration,while the Na_(3)Li_(3)Al_(2)F_(12) phase plays an essential role in systems with high LiF contents.展开更多
The conductivities of LiBr, LiCl, and LiNO 3 in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol (with electrolyte concentrations <0.08 mol·L-1 ) were determined at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15 K at atmosphere ...The conductivities of LiBr, LiCl, and LiNO 3 in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol (with electrolyte concentrations <0.08 mol·L-1 ) were determined at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15 K at atmosphere pressure separately by using a conductivity meter. The conductivity data were correlated with Foss-Chen-Justice (FCJ) equation and the limiting molar conductivities were obtained. The mean ionic activity coefficients of the salts in the organic solvents were calculated according to the Debye-Hückel limiting law and Onsager-Falkenhangen equations. The calculated results were compared with those activity coefficients in literature.展开更多
The paper presents the influence of relative electrode-electrolyte movement over productivity for silver ions recovery by electrodeposition from diluted solutions. Wasted photographic fixing agent solution in various ...The paper presents the influence of relative electrode-electrolyte movement over productivity for silver ions recovery by electrodeposition from diluted solutions. Wasted photographic fixing agent solution in various concentrations was used. For each concentration three regimes were studied： stationary, electrode rotation with 100 rpm and electrode rotation with 300 rpm. Polarization curves were drawn and working conditions from silver recovery point of view were discussed.展开更多
The process of obtaining of high quality Mn-Zn, Mn-Cu and Mn-Cu-Zn alloy coatings from complexing ligands--citrate, EDTA （ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid） and nitrilotriacetic acid solutions was studied. Factors a...The process of obtaining of high quality Mn-Zn, Mn-Cu and Mn-Cu-Zn alloy coatings from complexing ligands--citrate, EDTA （ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid） and nitrilotriacetic acid solutions was studied. Factors affecting stability of solutions containing ligand or ligands and influence of electrolysis parameters： electrolyte composition, pH, cathodic current density on chemical composition of the obtained coatings, on their current efficiency, morphology and structure were investigated.展开更多
For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal el...For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal electrode. Present paper reports fabrication of All-Solid-State battery based on the following Mg2＋-ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolyte （NCPE） films： [85PEO： 15Mg（C104）2] ＋ 5% TiO2 （〈 100 nm）, [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2] ＋ 3% SiO2（-8 nm）. [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2] ＋ 3% MgO （〈 100 nm）, [85PEO：15Mg（C1O4）2] ＋ 3% MgO （-44 μm）. NCPE films were prepared by hot-press technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte （SPE） composition： [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2], identified as high conducting film at room temperature, has been used as ISt--phase host and nano/micro particles of active （MgO）/passive （SiO2, TiO2） fillers as IInd-phase dispersoid. Filler particle dependent conductivity studies identified above mentioned NCPE films as optimum conducting composition （OCC） at room temperature. Ion transport behavior of SPE/NCPE film materials was investigated previously. Present paper reports materials characterization and cell performance studies on All-Solid-State batteries： Mg （Anode） Ⅱ SPE or NCPE films tt C＋MnO2＋Electrolyte （Cathode）. Open circuit voltage （OCV） obtained was in the range： 1.79-1.92 V. The batteries were discharged at room temperature under different load conditions and some important battery parameters have been evaluated from plateau region of cell-potential discharge profiles. All the batteries performed quite satisfactorily specially under low current drain states.展开更多
In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces ...In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces necessary compression forces to the membrane electrode assembly of each cell within a stack. Moreover, homogeneous cell cooling is achieved by this medium. First, prototypes presented in this work indicate that, upscaling of cells for the novel stack design is possible without significant performance losses. Due to its modularity and scalability, this stack design meets the requirements for large PEMFC units.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073253)。
文摘Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of NaK alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the intimate contact of electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2)nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 h.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1)even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52377222)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Nos. 2023JJ20064, 2023JJ40759)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT15RC(3)001,DUT15ZD225)the Program for Liao-ning Excellent Talents in University(LR2015014)+1 种基金the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(201519)Dalian Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents(2015R006)
文摘Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be established for the reliable evaluation of NPMEs. In this study, platinum and graphite counter electrodes were used to investigate the impact of counter electrode material on the accelerated durability testing （ADT） of NPMEs in acidic medium. Platinum used as the coun- ter electrode in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical cell was found to dissolve in acidic medium and re-deposit on NPME coated on the working electrode during ADT. Such re-deposition causes the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） performance of NPMEs to remarkably improve, and thus will seriously mislead our judgment of NPMEs if we are unaware of it. The phenomenon can be avoided using a graphite counter electrode.
基金Project(20973124)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to obtain a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton, organic Mg fuel cell （OMFC）, the electrochemical behavior of Mg deposition on Cu and Ni metallic substrates in 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution was investigated by SEM, EDS and electrochemical methods. The experimental results show that Mg can be electrodeposited on both substrates, as a continuous layer on a Cu substrate. Accordingly, an approach for producing a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton of OMFC was proposed by means of electrodeposition of Mg on a foamed Ni substrate with a layer of Cu pre-plating. The discharge performance of this porous Mg electrode of OMFC is superior to that of a planar Mg electrode.
基金Project(51674302)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘To solve the problems of high energy consumption,low efficiency and short service life of conventional rare earth reduction cells,a 20 kA new rare earth reduction cell(NRERC)was presented.The effects of the anode-cathode distance(ACD)and electrolyte height(EH)on the thermo-electrical behavior of the NRERC were studied by ANSYS.The results illustrate that the cell voltage drop(CVD)and the temperature will rise with a similar tendency when the ACD increases.Also,the temperature rises gradually with EH,but the CVD decreases.Ultimately,when the ACD is 115 mm and the EH is 380 mm,the CVD is 4.61 V and the temperature is 1109.8℃.Under these conditions,the thermal field distribution is more reasonable and the CVD is lower,which is beneficial to the long service life and low energy consumption of the NRERC.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51774080,22078056)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFC1901905)。
文摘The current study focuses on the electrolyte penetration of the graphite cathode in a NaF−KF−LiF−AlF_(3) aluminum-electrolysis system with a cryolite ratio of 1.3.It involves a comprehensive investigation of the electrolyte in the cathode before and after electrolysis by X-ray diffraction and analysis of the results by semi-quantitative calculation in MAUD.The results show that KF can promote electrolyte penetration,with higher KF contents resulting in greater penetration.During electrolyte penetration,K_(2)NaAlF_(6) and solid solutions containing KF play important roles in KF-containing systems.LiF effectively prevents the electrolyte penetration,while the Na_(3)Li_(3)Al_(2)F_(12) phase plays an essential role in systems with high LiF contents.
文摘The conductivities of LiBr, LiCl, and LiNO 3 in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol (with electrolyte concentrations <0.08 mol·L-1 ) were determined at 298.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15 K at atmosphere pressure separately by using a conductivity meter. The conductivity data were correlated with Foss-Chen-Justice (FCJ) equation and the limiting molar conductivities were obtained. The mean ionic activity coefficients of the salts in the organic solvents were calculated according to the Debye-Hückel limiting law and Onsager-Falkenhangen equations. The calculated results were compared with those activity coefficients in literature.
文摘The paper presents the influence of relative electrode-electrolyte movement over productivity for silver ions recovery by electrodeposition from diluted solutions. Wasted photographic fixing agent solution in various concentrations was used. For each concentration three regimes were studied： stationary, electrode rotation with 100 rpm and electrode rotation with 300 rpm. Polarization curves were drawn and working conditions from silver recovery point of view were discussed.
文摘The process of obtaining of high quality Mn-Zn, Mn-Cu and Mn-Cu-Zn alloy coatings from complexing ligands--citrate, EDTA （ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid） and nitrilotriacetic acid solutions was studied. Factors affecting stability of solutions containing ligand or ligands and influence of electrolysis parameters： electrolyte composition, pH, cathodic current density on chemical composition of the obtained coatings, on their current efficiency, morphology and structure were investigated.
文摘For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li＋-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal electrode. Present paper reports fabrication of All-Solid-State battery based on the following Mg2＋-ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolyte （NCPE） films： [85PEO： 15Mg（C104）2] ＋ 5% TiO2 （〈 100 nm）, [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2] ＋ 3% SiO2（-8 nm）. [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2] ＋ 3% MgO （〈 100 nm）, [85PEO：15Mg（C1O4）2] ＋ 3% MgO （-44 μm）. NCPE films were prepared by hot-press technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte （SPE） composition： [85PEO： 15Mg（CIO4）2], identified as high conducting film at room temperature, has been used as ISt--phase host and nano/micro particles of active （MgO）/passive （SiO2, TiO2） fillers as IInd-phase dispersoid. Filler particle dependent conductivity studies identified above mentioned NCPE films as optimum conducting composition （OCC） at room temperature. Ion transport behavior of SPE/NCPE film materials was investigated previously. Present paper reports materials characterization and cell performance studies on All-Solid-State batteries： Mg （Anode） Ⅱ SPE or NCPE films tt C＋MnO2＋Electrolyte （Cathode）. Open circuit voltage （OCV） obtained was in the range： 1.79-1.92 V. The batteries were discharged at room temperature under different load conditions and some important battery parameters have been evaluated from plateau region of cell-potential discharge profiles. All the batteries performed quite satisfactorily specially under low current drain states.
文摘In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces necessary compression forces to the membrane electrode assembly of each cell within a stack. Moreover, homogeneous cell cooling is achieved by this medium. First, prototypes presented in this work indicate that, upscaling of cells for the novel stack design is possible without significant performance losses. Due to its modularity and scalability, this stack design meets the requirements for large PEMFC units.
