二次锌电极循环容量的研究

锌镍电池、锌空电池的锌电极有比能量高、价格低的优点,但二次锌电极循环中往往出现形变、枝晶和容量下降较快的问题。采用模拟实际电池的电解池,对添加多种添加剂的锌电极在控制电位的条件下进行加速循环实验,统计锌电极积累容量,结果表明:氧化铋和乙炔黑能提高锌电极的利用率和深循环寿命。分析讨论了锌电极容量下降的原因和机理,SEM研究表明:锌电极循环中极板的孔率下降,说明锌电极循环容量下降与锌电极活性物质孔率下降有关的。

混合稀土对Ni/MH合金电极性能影响的偏最小二乘法研究

利用模式识别的偏最小二乘法（ＰＬＳ）研究混合稀土的组成对Ｎｉ／ＭＨ合金电极容量、循环寿命的影响，并得出了提高电极容量、循环寿命的判据。

纳米ZnO改性锌电极的性能

以6.0mol/LKOH溶液中,研究了锌电极中添加不同质量分数和不同粒径的ZnO对电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明,在较慢的扫描速度(1mV/s)下,不同组成的锌电极循环伏安曲线峰形相差较大。对各电极循环伏安曲线峰电位及峰电流对比分析表明,添加质量分数为50%的纳米ZnO有效地改善了锌电极的结构,改进了电极反应的传质和传荷条件,使电极中电活性粒子具有合理的分布,因而显示出了良好的电化学性能,在25周和30周时放电容量仍有220mA·h/g和198mA·h/g。

AA型1000mAh高容量镉镍电池的研制

研制了高容量AA型1000mA·h镉镍圆柱密封蓄电池。详述了正、负极板、电解液及电池封口结构的设计方法和研制过程。研制出来的AA型电池，实际0．2C5A放电容量达1100mA·h，其它性能均满足IEC国际标准要求。

碱性二次电池涂膏式镉负极的表面改性

涂膏式镉负极因为制造工艺简单 ,成本低而得到广泛应用 ,然而其大电流充放电能力和循环使用寿命比烧结式镉负极差。通过在镉负极表面镀覆一层金属镍 ,提高了涂膏式镉负极的大电流充放电能力 ,电极容量也得到了提高。

Ni离子掺杂对CoAl双氢氧化物电化学电容的影响

CoAl LDHs with different molar ratio of Ni have been prepared by chemical co -precipitation method.XRD results show that these materials have layered struc tures.Electrochemical tests show that Co(Ni)Al LDHs as electrode material hav e typical capacit ive properties in a wide voltage range of0.0to0.6V;Co(Ni)Al LDH(Ni∶Co =4∶6)as an electrode material has the highest capacitance of960F · g -1 and good cycling performance.But the poor capacitive properties of NiAl LDH electrode are showed in a narrow voltage range of0.3to0.55V.

水热法制备Co(OH)_2及其超电容特性

以硝酸钴为原料、六次甲基四胺(HMT)为沉淀剂水热合成Co(OH)_2,研究了六次甲基四胺浓度对生成Co(OH)_2的电化学性能的影响,利用循环伏安、恒流放电电化学测试表明,硝酸钴与HMT摩尔比为1:1反应时,得到的Co(OH)_2电极在6mol/L KOH溶液中、-0.1～0.5V(vs.SCE)电位范围内,具有较好的超电容性能,单电极比电容达到496F/g。

Influence of synthesis temperature on electrochemical performance of polyoxomolybdate as cathode material of lithium ion battery

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of polyoxomolybdate Na3[AlMo6O24H6]（NAM） as the cathode material of lithium ion battery, the NAM materials with small particle size were synthesized by elevatingthe synthesistemperaturein the solution.The as-prepared NAM materials were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EIS. Their discharge-charge and cycle performance were also tested. The resultsshowthat the particle size decreasesto less than10μm at the temperature ofhigher than 40℃.When synthesized at 80℃,the NAMwiththe smallest particle size （-3μm）exhibitsthe best electrochemical performance such ashigh initial discharge capacity of 409 mA·h/gandcoulombic efficiency of 95% in the first cycle at 0.04C.

Effect of Zn/Mg ratio on cathodic protection of carbon steel using Al-Zn-Mg sacrificial anodes

Al-Zn-Mg alloys with different Zn/Mg mass ratios were evaluated as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection of carbon steel in 3.5 wt.%Na Cl solution.The anodes were fabricated from pure Al,Zn and Mg metals using casting technique.Optical microscopy,SEM-EDS,XRD and electrochemical techniques were used.The results indicated that with decreasing Zn/Mg mass ratio,the grain size ofα(Al)and the particle size of the precipitates decreased while the volume fraction of the precipitates increased.The anode with Zn/Mg mass ratio>4.0 exhibited the lowest corrosion rate,while the anode with Zn/Mg mass ratio<0.62 gave the highest corrosion rate and provided the highest cathodic protection efficiency for carbon steel(AISI 1018).Furthermore,the results showed that the anode with Zn/Mg mass ratio<0.62 exhibited a porous corrosion product compared to the other anodes.

添加回收硅粉于炭复合纸在锂离子负极之应用（英文）

高电容量的电极材料对于需要高能量密度锂离子的携带式电子设备相当重要。由于需求不同,电极的制作方式与材料的选用相当繁杂。本研究是将回收硅粉和沥青粉末混合,再与炭毡复合成炭纸,经250℃稳定化与1 000℃炭化后,制备出兼具电极与集流板功能炭复合纸。经循环充放电测试后,添加不同比例硅粉(2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%)的负极,相较于炭复合电极放电电容量分别提升了94%、129%和41%。

Mild oxidation treatment of graphite anode for Li-ion batteries

The graphite was modified by mild oxidation, and the effects of modification temperature and soaking time on the characteristics of graphite were investigated. The structure and characteristics of the graphite were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, BET surface area, particle size analysis and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the modified graphite has a better-developed crystallite structure, larger average particle diameter, smaller surface area, and better electrochemical characteristics than the untrented graphite. The sample mild-oxidized at 600℃ for 3h has the best electrochemical performances with a reversible capacity of 304.5mA·h/g, a irreversible capacity of 66.4mA·h/g, and a initial coulombic efficiency of 82.1%. The charge/discharge properties and a cycling stability of the prototype lithium ion batteries with modified graphite as anodes are improved. Its capacity retention ratio at the 200th cycle is enhanced from 66.75% to 90.15%.

Synthesis of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 in Air Atmosphere and its Characterization

The commercialized lithium secondary cells need the electrode materials with high speeific capacity, lower pollution and lower price. Certain industrial materials ( NiSO_4, CoSO_4 , LiOH·H_2O)were used to synthesize Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2)(OH)_2 of a stratified structure, when various synthesis conditions such as pH, reaction temperature et al. were controlled strictly. After LiOH·H_2O and Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2) (OH)_2were calcinated in air atmosphere, LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 positive electrode materials with good layered crystal structure was obtained. Tests showed that the optimal calcination temperature in air atmosphere was about at 720℃ and LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 synthesized in the above conditions had good electrochemical properties and a low cost. The first specific: discharge capacity of the material was 186 mAh/g, and the specific discharge capacity was 175 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.2C rate, between 3.0～4.2 V with a discharge deterioration ratio of 0.22% each cycle. Tests showed that LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 positive electrode materials was a promising candidate to replace the commereialized LiCoO_2 for lithium secondary batteries.

Effects of Na content on structure and electrochemical performances of Na_xMnO_(2+δ) cathode material

Sodium manganese oxides,NaxMnO2+δ(x = 0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,1.0;δ = 0-0.3),were synthesized by solid-state reaction routine combined with sol-gel process.The structure,morphology and electrochemical performances of as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,CV,EIS and galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments.It is found that Na0.6MnO2+δ and Na0.7MnO2+δ have high discharge capacity and good cycle performance.At a current density of 25 mA/g at the cutoff voltage of 2.0-4.3 V,Na0.6MnO2+δ gives the second discharge capacity of 188 mA·h/g and remains 77.9% of second discharge capacity after 40 cycles.Na0.7MnO2+δ exhibits the second discharge capacity of 176 mA·h/g and shows better cyclic stability;the capacity retention after 40 cycles is close to 85.5%.Even when the current density increases to 250 mA/g,the discharge capacity of Na0.7MnO2+δ still approaches to 107 mA·h/g after 40 cycles.

Quantum Effect in a Diode Included Nonlinear Inductance-Capacitance Mesoscopic Circuit

The mesoscopic nonlinear inductance-capacitance circuit is a typical anharmonie oscillator, due to diodes included in the circuit. In this paper, using the advanced quantum theory of mesoseopie circuits, which based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete value, the diode included mesoscopic circuit is firstly studied. Schrodinger equation of the system is a four-order difference equation in p rep asentation. Using the extended perturbative method, the detail energy spectrum and wave functions axe obtained and verified, as an application of the results, the current quantum fluctuation in the ground state is calculated. Diode is a basis component in a circuit, its quantization would popularize the quantum theory of mesoscopie circuits. The methods to solve the high order difference equation are helpful to the application of mesoscopic quantum theory.

Electrochemical Behavior of Electrodeposited Sn Films： Possible Negative Electrode for Na^＋ Rechargeable Batteries

Tin films on copper substrate, obtained by electrodeposition procedure, were structural and electrochemical characterized. In particular to investigate the possibility to use such metal as possible negative electrode in Na＋ rechargeable batteries, EPS （electrochemical potential spectroscopy） and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling of the electrodes were investigated, at room temperature in organic electrolyte. Three crystalline and one amorphous phases were identified as well as high discharge capacity （738 mAb/g） was obtained after 4 cycles. Unfortunately material fading, due to the internal stress during sodiation/desodiation process, causes poor cyclability.

Study on Photocapacitance in PN Junction of High Resistivity P-type Silicon

The PN junction photodiode is fabricated with high resistivity P-type silicon ( ρ =12 000 Ω·cm).The experimental C-V curves with and without laser radiation were measured.The relative change of capacitance can be greater than 100%,which is much greater than the relative change for low resistivity P-type silicon.The relative change of capacitance with and without laser radiation at zero bias is 121.7%.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li_2Mg_(0.15)Mn_(0.4)Co_(0.45)SiO_4/C cathode material for lithium ion batteries

The synthesis, structure and performance of Li2Mg0.15Mn0.4Co0.45SiO4/C cathode material were studied. The Li2Mg0.15Mn0.4Co0.45SiO4/C solid solution with orthorhombic unit cell （space group Pmn21） was synthesized successfully by combination of wet process and solid-state reaction at high temperature, and its electrochemical performance was investigated primarily. Li2Mg0.15Mn0.4Co0.45SiO4/C composite materials deliver a charge capacity of 302 mA-h/g and a discharge capacity of 171 mA.h/g in the first cycle. The discharge capacity is stabilized at about 100 mA-h/g after 10 cycles at a current density of 10 mA/g in the voltage of 1.5-4.8 V vs Li/Li^＋. The results show that Mg-substitution for the Co ions in Li2Mn0.4Co0.6SiO4 improves the stabilization of initial structure and the electrochemical nerformance.

Plum pudding model inspired KVPO4F@3DC as high-voltage and hyperstable cathode for potassium ion batteries

The investigation on the cathode material of potassium ion batteries(PIBs),one of the most promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries,is of great significance.Potassium vanadium fluorophosphate(KVPO4F)with a high working voltage is an appealing cathode candidate for PIBs,while the poor cycling performance and low electronic conductivity dramatically hinder the application.Herein,a plum pudding model inspired three-dimensional amorphous carbon network modified KVPO4F composite(KVPO4F@3DC)is successfully designed in this study to tackle these problems.In the composite,KVPO4F particles are homogeneously wrapped by a layer of amorphous carbon and bridged by crosslinked large area carbon sheets.As the cathode for PIBs,the KVPO4F@3DC composite exhibits a high average operating voltage about 4.10 V with a super-high discharge capacity of 102.96 mAh g^-1 at 20 mA g^-1.An excellent long cycle stability with a capacity retention of 85.4%over 550 cycles at 500 mA g^-1 is achieved.In addition,it maintains 83.6%of its initial capacity at 50 mA g^-1 after 100 cycles at 55℃.The design of KVPO4F@3DC with plum pudding structure provides facilitative electron conductive network and stable electrode/electrode interface for electrode,successfully innovating an ultra-stable and high-performance cathode material for potassium ion batteries.

Self-assembled α-MnO2 urchin-like microspheres as a high-performance cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising battery technologies for the green energy storage and electric vehicles.As one attractive cathode material for AZIBs,α-MnO2 materials exhibit superior electrochemical properties.However,their long-term reversibility is still in great suspense.Considering the decisive effect of the structure and morphology on theα-MnO2 materials,hierarchicalα-MnO2 materials would be promising to improve the cycle performance of AZIB.Here,we synthesized theα-MnO2 urchin-like microspheres(AUM)via a self-assembled method.The porous microspheres composed of one-dimensionalα-MnO2 nanofibers with high crystallinity,which improved the surface area and active sites for Zn2+intercalation.The AUM-based AZIB realized a high initial capacity of 308.0 mA hg-1,and the highest energy density was 396.7 W hkg-1.The kinetics investigation confirmed the high capacitive contribution and fast ion diffusion of the AUM.Ex-situ XRD measurement further verified the synergistic insertion/extraction of H+and Zn2+ions during the charge/discharge process.The superiority of the AUM guaranteed good electrochemical performance and reversible phase evolution,and this application would promote the follow-up research on the advanced AZIB.

Branched Co3O4/Fe2O3 nanowires as high capacity lithium-ion battery anodes

We report a facile, two-step hydrothermal synthesis of a novel Co304/a-Fe2O3 branched nanowire heterostructure, which can serve as a good candidate for lithium-ion battery anodes with high Li＋ storage capacity and stability. The single-crystalline, primary C0304 nanowire trunk arrays directly grown on Ti substrates allow for efficient electrical and ionic transport. The secondary a-Fe2O3 branches provide enhanced surface area and high theoretical Li＋ storage capacity, and can also serve as volume spacers between neighboring Co3O4 NW arrays to maintain electrolyte penetration as well as reduce the aggregation during Li＋ intercalation, thus leading to improved electrochemical energy storage performance.