This paper describes a design method and construction of a PV hybrid system for household electrification in remote area which has typical important electrical loads for daily life such as television, refrigerator, el...This paper describes a design method and construction of a PV hybrid system for household electrification in remote area which has typical important electrical loads for daily life such as television, refrigerator, electric fan, coffee maker, and radio. The paper presents the design method which is a short and correct method for the PV Hybrid system design. The result of the proposed design method is finally simulated by Homer software to optimize and prove the result. From the simulation, the output shows that the proposed method is proper for using to design the sizing of PV hybrid system. After the design, a PV hybrid system is constructed accordingly to the system design. A PV hybrid prototype is constructed as a small house which is specially constructed for demonstration of the proposed system. The PV hybrid system therefore has the size of PV 1.8 kWp, battery 20 kWh, and diesel generator 3 kW. After a long implementation of the system, the results of monitored data show that the designed PV hybrid system can deliver the power to the house continually 24 hours as it is originally designed. This can ensure that the proposed method of PV hybrid system design is correct and can be used for design the PV hybrid system for electrical utility in the remote area where has no an electric grid.展开更多
Developing transition metal-based electrocatalysts with rich active sites for water electrolysis plays important roles in renewable energy fields. So far, some strategies including designing nanostructures, incorporat...Developing transition metal-based electrocatalysts with rich active sites for water electrolysis plays important roles in renewable energy fields. So far, some strategies including designing nanostructures, incorporating conductive support or foreign elements have been adopted to develop efficient electrocat- alysts. Herein, we summarize recent progresses and propose in-situ electrochemical activation as a new pretreating technique for enhanced catalytic performances. The activation techniques mainly comprise facile electrochemical processes such as anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, etching, lithium-assisted tuning and counter electrode electro-dissolution. During these electrochemicaI treatments, the catalyst surfaces are modified from bulk phase, which can tune local electronic structures, create more active spe- cies. enlarge surface area and thus improve the catalytic performances. Meanwhile, this technique can couple the atomic, electronic structures with electrocatalysis mechanisms for water splitting. Compared to traditional chemical treatment, the in-situ electrochemical activation techniques have superior advantages such as facile operation, mild environment, variable control, high efficiency and flex- ibility. This review may provide guidance for improving water electrolysis efficiencies and hold promis- ing for application in many other energy-conversion fields such as supercapacitors, fuel cells and batteries.展开更多
文摘This paper describes a design method and construction of a PV hybrid system for household electrification in remote area which has typical important electrical loads for daily life such as television, refrigerator, electric fan, coffee maker, and radio. The paper presents the design method which is a short and correct method for the PV Hybrid system design. The result of the proposed design method is finally simulated by Homer software to optimize and prove the result. From the simulation, the output shows that the proposed method is proper for using to design the sizing of PV hybrid system. After the design, a PV hybrid system is constructed accordingly to the system design. A PV hybrid prototype is constructed as a small house which is specially constructed for demonstration of the proposed system. The PV hybrid system therefore has the size of PV 1.8 kWp, battery 20 kWh, and diesel generator 3 kW. After a long implementation of the system, the results of monitored data show that the designed PV hybrid system can deliver the power to the house continually 24 hours as it is originally designed. This can ensure that the proposed method of PV hybrid system design is correct and can be used for design the PV hybrid system for electrical utility in the remote area where has no an electric grid.
基金financially supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (ZR2017MB059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21776314)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (18CX05016A)
文摘Developing transition metal-based electrocatalysts with rich active sites for water electrolysis plays important roles in renewable energy fields. So far, some strategies including designing nanostructures, incorporating conductive support or foreign elements have been adopted to develop efficient electrocat- alysts. Herein, we summarize recent progresses and propose in-situ electrochemical activation as a new pretreating technique for enhanced catalytic performances. The activation techniques mainly comprise facile electrochemical processes such as anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, etching, lithium-assisted tuning and counter electrode electro-dissolution. During these electrochemicaI treatments, the catalyst surfaces are modified from bulk phase, which can tune local electronic structures, create more active spe- cies. enlarge surface area and thus improve the catalytic performances. Meanwhile, this technique can couple the atomic, electronic structures with electrocatalysis mechanisms for water splitting. Compared to traditional chemical treatment, the in-situ electrochemical activation techniques have superior advantages such as facile operation, mild environment, variable control, high efficiency and flex- ibility. This review may provide guidance for improving water electrolysis efficiencies and hold promis- ing for application in many other energy-conversion fields such as supercapacitors, fuel cells and batteries.
