A part of the Earth＇s surface has been formed by the action of running water during geomorphological development. The flow of water is one of the ways of how particles can be eroded, transported and accumulated. If e...A part of the Earth＇s surface has been formed by the action of running water during geomorphological development. The flow of water is one of the ways of how particles can be eroded, transported and accumulated. If endogenous processes do not work, the surface of the continents would lower to the level close to the ocean surface and the relief would have almost no ruggedness. Recently, there have been talks about the relative classification of deviation of the present state from the ＂original＂ or ＂natural＂ one caused by anthropogeneous effects. The activity of man can manifest itself by pollution, the excessive use of water, a change in the flow regime, and the like. Research into the morphology of the river bottom and the bottom of settling tanks or dam reservoirs is systematically carried out in selected streams and reservoirs by the long-term sampling of bottom sediments. The knowledge of the sediment layer is also important. The EIS method, which was used for measuring, is new for the aforementioned applications. Possibilities of EIS method with new apparatus using for this application were tested in laboratory and in situ. On the basis of interpretation of the electrical conductivity data, a grid of depth data was acquired. These data are characterized by anomalously high and low ＂spots＂ and show morphological changes in the studied area.展开更多
This paper presents experiment results of the measurement conducted at the Roznew Dam power plant. For a course of starting and operating of turbo-plants, downstream face of the dam was monitored in relation to its ev...This paper presents experiment results of the measurement conducted at the Roznew Dam power plant. For a course of starting and operating of turbo-plants, downstream face of the dam was monitored in relation to its eventual displacements on direction parallel to the construction axis. For the purpose of the experiment, geodetic measurement techniques and 2D DIC （digital image correlation） method （utilizing photographs of the object recorded with digital camera） were compared with regard to credibility, efficiency and accuracy. The vertical and horizontal displacements were monitored by tachometers measurements. The deformations in x-axis and y-axis on the wall surface was monitored by 2D DIC. It has been noticed that 2D DIC method is a surface method, continuous--not discreet. It allows for continuous observations of surface deformations, which is not possible in case of tachemetric measurements. Despite many advantages, the 2D DIC method lacks unambiguous evaluation of precision and relevance of designated displacements, which is rather significant for possibilities of utilization in technical control of large engineered objects. It should be also marked that the tachometric method is more reliable but is more laborious. Research of this type might comprise additional element for the assessment of the influence of dynamic loads, such as activating turbine water flow, onto the overall condition of the surveyed structure.展开更多
The current paper presents the evaluation results of a monitoring system, developed within NOBEL （Neighbourhood Oriented Brokerage Electricity） project. NOBEL is an EU funded project of the 7th Framework Programme t...The current paper presents the evaluation results of a monitoring system, developed within NOBEL （Neighbourhood Oriented Brokerage Electricity） project. NOBEL is an EU funded project of the 7th Framework Programme that developed a pilot monitoring and energy brokerage system, within a local electricity network, aiming to the optimization of energy usage by reducing consumption and maximizing RES （renewable energy sources） usage on neighbourhood level. A holistic evaluation methodology was followed encompassing all aspects, focusing on the enhancement of energy efficiency due to NOBEL system. In specific, indicators related to energy and monetary impacts were analysed and finally assessed. The system was tested through pilot trials in Alginet, a village in Spain. NOBEL managed to achieve total energy savings of 12%, contributing also to respective emissions reduction and to economic benefits for brokerage platform participants. Analytic results and conclusions are presented in the current manuscript that will assess the project＇s system overall performance.展开更多
A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocki...A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part(0~41 m) of the landslide was greaterthan in the central-front part(41~84 m) and(2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure:(1) gully erosion at the slope surface;(2) shallow sliding failure;(3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement(using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall(average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding(30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase(EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season.展开更多
文摘A part of the Earth＇s surface has been formed by the action of running water during geomorphological development. The flow of water is one of the ways of how particles can be eroded, transported and accumulated. If endogenous processes do not work, the surface of the continents would lower to the level close to the ocean surface and the relief would have almost no ruggedness. Recently, there have been talks about the relative classification of deviation of the present state from the ＂original＂ or ＂natural＂ one caused by anthropogeneous effects. The activity of man can manifest itself by pollution, the excessive use of water, a change in the flow regime, and the like. Research into the morphology of the river bottom and the bottom of settling tanks or dam reservoirs is systematically carried out in selected streams and reservoirs by the long-term sampling of bottom sediments. The knowledge of the sediment layer is also important. The EIS method, which was used for measuring, is new for the aforementioned applications. Possibilities of EIS method with new apparatus using for this application were tested in laboratory and in situ. On the basis of interpretation of the electrical conductivity data, a grid of depth data was acquired. These data are characterized by anomalously high and low ＂spots＂ and show morphological changes in the studied area.
文摘This paper presents experiment results of the measurement conducted at the Roznew Dam power plant. For a course of starting and operating of turbo-plants, downstream face of the dam was monitored in relation to its eventual displacements on direction parallel to the construction axis. For the purpose of the experiment, geodetic measurement techniques and 2D DIC （digital image correlation） method （utilizing photographs of the object recorded with digital camera） were compared with regard to credibility, efficiency and accuracy. The vertical and horizontal displacements were monitored by tachometers measurements. The deformations in x-axis and y-axis on the wall surface was monitored by 2D DIC. It has been noticed that 2D DIC method is a surface method, continuous--not discreet. It allows for continuous observations of surface deformations, which is not possible in case of tachemetric measurements. Despite many advantages, the 2D DIC method lacks unambiguous evaluation of precision and relevance of designated displacements, which is rather significant for possibilities of utilization in technical control of large engineered objects. It should be also marked that the tachometric method is more reliable but is more laborious. Research of this type might comprise additional element for the assessment of the influence of dynamic loads, such as activating turbine water flow, onto the overall condition of the surveyed structure.
文摘The current paper presents the evaluation results of a monitoring system, developed within NOBEL （Neighbourhood Oriented Brokerage Electricity） project. NOBEL is an EU funded project of the 7th Framework Programme that developed a pilot monitoring and energy brokerage system, within a local electricity network, aiming to the optimization of energy usage by reducing consumption and maximizing RES （renewable energy sources） usage on neighbourhood level. A holistic evaluation methodology was followed encompassing all aspects, focusing on the enhancement of energy efficiency due to NOBEL system. In specific, indicators related to energy and monetary impacts were analysed and finally assessed. The system was tested through pilot trials in Alginet, a village in Spain. NOBEL managed to achieve total energy savings of 12%, contributing also to respective emissions reduction and to economic benefits for brokerage platform participants. Analytic results and conclusions are presented in the current manuscript that will assess the project＇s system overall performance.
基金funded by International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) (Grant No. 2013DFE23030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. lzujbky-2014-273 and lzujbky-2015-133)
文摘A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part(0~41 m) of the landslide was greaterthan in the central-front part(41~84 m) and(2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure:(1) gully erosion at the slope surface;(2) shallow sliding failure;(3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement(using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall(average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding(30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase(EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season.
