一种工程结构的有限元分析与应变电测分析

介绍了某发电厂烟囱电动升模装置所进行的有限元分析和应变电测分析。一方面为了获得该装置的强度、刚度评定数据,另一方面探讨了数值分析方法与实验分析方法各自的优点及如何实现优势互补。有限元分析是采用的ANSYS商业程序进行的。文章还对ANSYS商业程序的使用和优缺点进行了简单介绍,特别是在非线性计算和自适应有限元分析方面。

应力集中对铝合金板影响电测分析

研究了应力集中对铝合金板的影响为工程实际提供理论依据。取铝合金板加工成长50 mm,宽为25 mm,厚为13 mm的试样,在试样表面钻直径为4 mm,深为6 mm的孔14个,在孔的边界和板的光滑面(后面)相同部位粘帖电阻应变片。将试样置于岛津电子万能试验机工作台上,对试样施加压应力以静态电阻应变仪分别测出各测点的应变值,根据单项虎克定律计算出各测点的应力值。实验结果表明,钻孔处边界的应力大于光滑面各测点。对实验结果进行分析讨论。

客车在不同载客量下应力电测分析

我国公路客车在设计计算、电测试验以及对客车产品的各项指标评估时均以设计的额定载荷为唯一的计算与试验的载荷工况,但客车因线路、时间的不同,载客量会有较大的波动,通过客车在不同载客量下应力响应变化的特征和客车各部件在何种载荷状况下最危险的电测试验,得出了客车前桥、后桥及车身骨架的最不利载荷。

拱形交叉固定接骨板的设计与电测应力分析

本文报道了拱形交叉固定接骨板的设计及其工艺先进性。并对拱形交叉固定接骨板、天津产、张家港产接骨板进行对比实验。分别在拱形交叉固定接骨板、天津产接骨板、张家港产接骨板上粘贴电阻应变片,以应变电测原理及技术对三种接骨板进行应变电测量。结果表明拱形交叉固定接骨板设计合理。

三种缓冲机制的根面附着体式覆盖义齿的电测应力分析研究

目的分析不同加载情况下,太极扣、球帽、磁性根面附着体支持的覆盖义齿基牙周围牙槽骨及缺牙区牙槽嵴的应力差异,为临床根面附着体的选择提供参考。方法采用电阻应变测量法,体外模拟覆盖义齿受力情况,测量基牙牙颈部牙槽骨、下颌牙弓前部中央及第一磨牙相对应缺牙区牙槽嵴处的应力,并比较分析三种附着体式覆盖义齿在不同加载情况下应力差异。结果不同缓冲机制附着体式覆盖义齿在相同加载情况下,义齿会出现一定程度的滑动(磁性附着体式覆盖义齿)或旋转(三种附着体义齿),基牙牙颈部不同部位牙槽骨、牙弓前部及游离端缺牙区牙槽嵴应力分布明显不同。结论太极扣式覆盖义齿适应条件相对最广泛,其次为磁性附着体式覆盖义齿。

多天线频谱共享CR-NOMA系统安全中断性能分析

认知无线电(CR)非正交多址接入(NOMA)网络(记为CR-NOMA)已是无线通信领域的研究热点之一。由于无线信道的开放性,使得无线网络的安全通信成为当前急需解决的问题。该文研究了频谱共享多天线CR-NOMA网络安全中断性能,首先分析了最优天线选择(OAS)方案的安全中断概率(SOP),并推导了其精确的闭合表达式。其次,分析了空时传输(STT)方案的SOP,并推导了其精确的闭合表达式。最后,对次用户两种方案的SOP渐近性能进行了分析,揭示了系统参数对SOP的影响。最后,采用Monte Carlo仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。研究发现,两种方案基站分别存在一个最优峰值发射功率,使得远距离次用户的安全中断性能最佳。仿真结果表明增大基站峰值发射功率,OAS方案的近距离次用户的SOP会始终优于STT方案,远距离次用户的SOP会劣于STT方案。

连续多跨梁结构模型在力学实验教学中的开发应用

为了深化基础力学实验教学的改革,作者将力学课程中用变形能法求解超静定结构的理论与工程实际密切结合,开发设计了连续多跨梁的工程结构模型试验装置,为本科生开设出“工程结构电测应力分析”教学实验．通过教学实践,验证了该教学实验的综合性和创新性．

二层刚架结构模型在力学教学实验中的应用

为了深化基础力学实验教学的改革，该文应用力法求解超静定结构的应力分布，并与工程实际结合，设计开发了二层刚架工程结构模型试验装置，为本科生开设了“工程结构电测应力分析”实验。通过对刚架单根柱的实验测试和理论计算求得的应力分布，一方面使学生由单个受力构件的应力分布可推测二层刚架整体结构的应力分布概况，验证了该教学实验的综合性和创新性；另一方面通过实验偏差的分析，使学生认识到实际工程结构与理论模型之间的偏差是客观事实，从而确立实验在工程实际中是必不可少的思想意识。

A Temperature-Autocompensated Detecting Circuit for the Capacitance Fuze

In view of drastic possible changes in fuze environment tempera- ture,a kind of temperature autocompensated detecting circuit for the capaci- tance fuze is proposed.It provides a steady detected output when the envi- ronment temperature varies from-50℃ to 65℃ and keeps a stable detecting sensitivity.Based on an analysis of the circuit,influence of the major param- eters of the oscillating circuit on the amplitude are explored.A few impor- tant controllable parameters affecting the circuit feature are found out.A parameter-control method is given in order to improve the circuit perfor- mance.

An Analysis on the Mechanism Governing the Effect of Bomb Length upon the Sensitivity of Detection of a Capacitance Fuze

For a detector in a capacitanee fuze working in an electrostatic field, the bomblength (effective length of the conductor part) is an important factor affecting the sensitivityof detection. For the two different kinds of detecting circuit models in general use (the frequency-sensitive and the amplitude-coupling ), mechanism of the effect of bomblength on the sensitvity of detection is analyzed. Through the analysis a conclusion in fullagreement with experimental results has been drawn, that is. the longer the bomb length,the higher the sensitivity, on the condition that the sizes and the sites of the detecting electrodes and bomb diameter remain unchanged.

PCCP broken wire detection based on orthogonal electromagnetic principle

Aiming at the major failure mode of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes (PCCP),namely the fracture of prestressed steel wires,the broken wire detection technology based on orthogonal electromagnetic principle is studied. The detection system model is established and optimized by using COMSOL finite element simulation software. Furthermore,the theoretical analysis of the wire-breaking effect is carried out. The influence of factors on broken wire signal characteristics such as edge effect,circumferential relative position of the detector and broken wires,excitation frequency and relative permeability of steel wires is analyzed,which provides a theoretical guidance for the field detection. The influence of the steel cylinder structure on the simulation results is analyzed,which provides a reference for the improvement of calculation efficiency. The corresponding detection system is designed and implemented. Concretely,a high-voltage and high-power sinusoidal signal coil drive scheme based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology and an intelligent power module is innovatively proposed and the corresponding protection circuit is designed. The broken wire signal could be effectively extracted through a lock-in amplifier. The experimental results show that this system can effectively identify the broken wires with low cost.

Dissolution rate determination of alumina in molten cryolite-based aluminum electrolyte

Determination of dissolution rate of alumina is one of the classical problems in aluminum electrolysis. A novel method which can measure the dissolution rate of alumina was presented. Effect of factors on dissolution rate of alumina was studied intuitively and roundly using transparent quartz electrobath and image analysis techniques. Images about dissolution process of alumina were taken at an interval of fixed time from transparent quartz electrobath of double rooms. Gabor wavelet transforms were used for extracting and describing the texture features of each image. After subsampling several times, the dissolution rate of alumina was computed using these texture features in local neighborhood of samples. Regression equation of the dissolution rate of alumina was obtained using these dissolution rates. Experiments show that the regression equation of the dissolution rate of alumina is y=-0.000 5x^3＋0.024 0x^2-0.287 3x＋ 1.276 7 for Na3AIF6-AIF3-Al2O3-CaF2-LiF- MgF2 system at 920 ℃.

Fine analysis on advanced detection of transient electromagnetic method

Fault fracture zones and water-bearing bodies in front of the driving head are the main disasters in mine laneways,thus it is important to perform their advanced detection and prediction in advance in order to provide reliable technical support for the excavation.Based on the electromagnetic induction theory,we analyzed the characteristics of primary and secondary fields with a positive and negative wave form of current,proposed the fine processing of the advanced detection with variation rate of apparent resistivity and introduced in detail the computational formulae and procedures.The result of physical simulation experiments illustrate that the tectonic interface of modules can be judged by first-order rate of apparent resistivity with a boundary error of 5%,and the position of water body determined by the fine analysis method agrees well with the result of borehole drilling.This shows that in terms of distinguishing structure and aqueous anomalies,the first-order rate of apparent resistivity is more sensitive than the secondorder rate of apparent resistivity.However,some remaining problems are suggested for future solutions.

Experimental study and kinetic analysis of oxidant-free thermal-assisted UV digestion utilizing supported nano-TiO_2 photocatalyst for detection of total phosphorous

A novel thermal-assisted ultra-violet(UV) photocatalysis digestion method for the determination of total phosphorus(TP) in water samples was introduced in this work. The photocatalytic experiments for TP digestion were conducted using a 365 nm wavelength UV light and Ti O2 particles as the photocatalyst. Sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium glycerophosphate were used as the typical components of TP and the digested samples were then determined by spectrophotometry after phosphomolybdenum blue reaction. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time and temperature were studied for the digestion of TP and the kinetic analysis of two typical components was performed in this paper. The pseudo-first-order rate constants k of two phosphorus compounds at different temperatures were obtained and the Arrhenius equation was employed to explain the effect of temperature on rate constant k. Compared with the conventional thermal digestion method for TP detection, it was found that the temperature was decreased from 120 °C to 60 °C with same conversion rate and time in this thermal-assisted UV digestion method, which enabled the digestion process work at normal pressure. Compared with the individual ultra-violet(UV) photocatalysis process, the digestion time was also decreased from several hours to half an hour using the thermal-assisted UV digestion method. This method will not lead to secondary pollution since no oxidant was needed in the thermal-assisted UV photocatalysis digestion process, which made it more compatible with electrochemical detection of TP.

Analysis of Electrogastrograms of Elderly Gastrectomized Subjects by Using Maximum Lyapunov Exponent

Not much data are available regarding the electrical activity in the stomachs and intestines of elderly gastrectomized patients The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a complex dynamic method to analyze the electrogastrograms （EGGs） of healthy young, healthy elderly, and gastrectomized elderly male individuals. The authors analyzed the EGGs by using the maximum Lyapunov exponent （MLE）, which is one of the indices of the chaotic characteristics of time series. Significant differences were observed between the MLEs estimated from the, EGGs of the young and elderly individuals for most of the temporal intervals. The authors＇ data indicate that the EGGs of elderly gastrectomized subjects might be distinguished from the EGGs of healthy elderly individuals on the basis of the MLE distribution.

Measurement of Thermal Resistance of Heat-resistant Fabrics with a Guarded-hot-box

A novel analytical method with the guarded-hot-box （GHB） in investigating the thermal resistance of heat-resistant fabrics is described and the analytical method is also presented in this paper. The new apparatus is capable of measure thermal resistance of the fabrics in high temperature up to an average applied temperature of 250~C. The maximum measurement error of the apparatus is 6.5% and relative error is less than 2.8% between the introduced method and standard given value. In the G/-IB method, air layer thickness is the most important factor that influences measurement value of thermal resistance of heat-resistant fabrics. Results show that the method is more accurate and efficient than GBl1048-89 one in measuring thermal resistance of heat-resistant fabrics.

Detection of Partial Discharge in Power Transformers Using Rogowski Coil and Multiresolution Analysis

Partial discharge detection in power transformers is discussed using a new approach that exploit the broad band of the Rogowski coils and the potential of two signal processing tools： discrete wavelet transform and empirical mode decomposition. Detecting and analyzing incipient activities of partial discharge can provide useful information to diagnostics and prognostics about transformer insulation. So, partial discharge signals embedded in the electric current at ground conductor are measured using the Rogowski coil. These signals are submitted to noise suppression and the partial discharges waveforms are extracted through different ways： using discrete wavelet transform and using empirical mode decomposition. The comparison of these two methods show that the extraction with discrete wavelet transform results in a faster and simpler algorithm than the empirical mode decomposition. But this one produces more precise waveforms due its adaptive characteristic.

Time Series as an Aid to Research of Traction Substation Load

In the case of electric or tram traction vehicles, the energy for propulsion purposes, as well as all other purposes, is processed and delivered via traction substations. Knowledge of the course of traction substation loading, especially at the stage of its design, is an extremely important issue because of the choice of the processing equipment of the main circuit or protection devices. In the range of investigations of railway traction substation B in vicinity of Cracow （Poland）, the measurements of current load in hours 4：00 a.m.-8：00 p.m. were realized. The measurements for the analysis were chosen from those realized between 6：00 a.m.-8：00 a.m. （the morning rush time）. Due to the sampling of 2 h summit with a frequency of 2 kHz, the recorded data set contains 1.44 ~ 107 elements. Therefore, the necessary transformation of data was to lower frequency 1 Hz, 10 Hz and 50 Hz. The results of the analysis presented below indicate the effect of such conduct on the obtained results for the parameters of time series models. In view of the unsatisfactory effects of the polynomial approximation, there is a need to seek a more efficient approximation method for achieving the optimum compatibility with the measured process. Continued research should lead to the formulation of procedures, which will determine an acceptable accuracy of the expected variability of traction substation loads.