Al⁃Cu复合金属粉的电爆炸制备及其反应活性

为进一步提高亚微米铝粉的反应活性,采用复合金属丝电爆炸技术制备了Al‐Cu复合金属粉,通过罗氏线圈监测了电爆炸过程中的波形图,确定制备工艺参数。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电镜电子能谱成像分析(TEM‐MAPPING),X射线电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段完成了对材料结构的分析,Al‐Cu复合金属粉主要由CuAl2与Al组成,形貌为光滑球形,平均粒度为150 nm,分析了材料结构的形成机理。分别采用DSC法与铝‐水蒸气反应法评价了材料的反应活性,DSC测试结果表明Al‐Cu复合金属粉初始氧化峰温为550℃,与同样条件下制备的铝粉相比降低了50℃,反应活性明显提高;初始氧化过程温度跨度由500~650℃变为500~600℃,初始氧化过程的时间由7.5 min缩短到5 min,放热反应速率提升了33%。水蒸气反应评价结果表明,Al‐Cu复合金属粉和Al粉的反应完全度分别为0.88和0.73,在反应初始阶段(0~10 min)Al‐Cu复合金属粉反应完全度数值达到0.36,是铝粉反应完全度的10倍,与铝粉相比Al‐Cu复合金属粉的反应活性与反应完全性大幅提高。

Mechanical alloying of platinum with 5% ZrO_2 nanoparticles for glass making tools

Synthesis and characterization of mechanically alloyed Pt-5%ZrO2(volume fraction) for structural components in the glass industry were described. Zirconia(ZrO2) nanoparticles(<100 nm) were produced by the electrical explosion of zirconium(Zr) wires, and blended with platinum(Pt) powders(<44 ?m) for 2-72 h in ambient atmosphere. The Pt particle size followed the typical decreasing trend of the normal ball milling process up to 48 h, but particle agglomeration was observed at 72 h. The grain size evolution was similar to that of the particle size, dropping down to around 50 nm at 48 h. The root mean square strain of the Pt crystallites showed the opposite behavior, maximizing at 48 h with a subsequent relaxation process. For the 48 h ball milled powders, spark plasma sintering was carried out to form a bulk disk. The measured mass loss of the sintered bulk sample shows a decent thermal stability despite its relatively low density.

镍纳米粉物理法制备技术

通过高频热等离子体法和电爆炸丝法制备了镍纳米粉,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的镍纳米粉的晶体结构、粒径大小和形貌进行表征,对两种方法制备的产物进行比较。结果表明,高频热等离子体法制备的镍纳米粉呈规则球形、分散性良好、平均粒径为63 nm,而电爆炸丝法制备的镍纳米粉有部分颗粒呈球形,部分颗粒呈正方体形状,分散性比等离子体法制备的镍粉更好,粒径更小,平均粒径为26 nm,但氧化比较严重。