Hydrographic and direct current measurements were made in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean in May 2010 and April 2011 as part of the Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises(EIOC) organized by the South China Sea Institute of ...Hydrographic and direct current measurements were made in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean in May 2010 and April 2011 as part of the Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises(EIOC) organized by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO).Analyses of the shipdrift Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) data indicate that the equatorial currents observed in May 2010 are characterized by a strongly eastward surface current(Wyrtki Jets,WJs) with a maximum velocity of 0.9 m s 1,while that observed in April 2011 is weak and without a consistent direction.The strongly eastward WJ transports the surface water eastward,resulting in a deeper upper mixed layer,as shown in the temperature and salinity profiles.However,it was found that the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC) in the Eastern Indian Ocean is strong in April 2011 and weak in May 2010.The EUC was located approximately at the position of the thermocline,and it had higher salinity(up to approximately 35.5 psu) than the upper and lower waters.展开更多
A large magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck northeast Japan on March 11, 2011. Thirty minutes later, a tsunami reached Tokyo Electric Power Corporation （TEPCO）＇s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and the emergen...A large magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck northeast Japan on March 11, 2011. Thirty minutes later, a tsunami reached Tokyo Electric Power Corporation （TEPCO）＇s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and the emergency diesel generators submerged under water. Three units of the reactor experienced meltdown, and hydrogen explosions occurred at reactor houses. The RIKEN Nishina Center （RNC） contributed to the radiation screening effort by providing human resources, instruments, and transportation. The RNC also carried out extraction work and sample tests for soil contamination. Last summer, RIKEN was legally required to save 15% （equivalent to 3.3 MW） of its allocated electricity in its contract, making it extremely difficult to conduct experiments using accelerators. Accelerator operation was thus reduced to a minimum during the first half of the year. The RNC has a gas-turbine-based co-generation system （CGS） with an electrical capacity of 6.5 MW. The CGS was operated non-stop until the end of the year. RIKEN is constructing two sets of CGSs, each with a capacity of 1.5 MW to be commissioned this autumn.展开更多
Physiological responses were studied in temperature-controlled glass house at Okinawa, Japan to evaluate drought and high temperature resistances of cowpea cultivar/strains for Sahel, Africa. Four drought-tolerant cow...Physiological responses were studied in temperature-controlled glass house at Okinawa, Japan to evaluate drought and high temperature resistances of cowpea cultivar/strains for Sahel, Africa. Four drought-tolerant cowpea cultivar/strains （cv. TVu-11986; TVu-11979; IT-96D-604 and Dan Ilia）, and three sensible strains （cv. IT96K-238-3, IT96K-231-1 and TVu-7778） were grown in pots and imposed to drought （soil content; 9.7±1.9%（w/w））, high （30/26℃, day/night, 12/12 hour）, normal （27/23℃, control） and low （24/20℃） temperature conditions after flowering. Plant fresh weight reduced 80%, 26% and 1% by dry, high and low temperature, respectively. Stem diameter decreased 32% and 2% by dry and low temperature, respectively, but increased 5% by high temperature. Difference between the drought tolerant and sensible cultivars/strains, pre-evaluated by IITA, was explained by relationship between stem diameter and plant fresh weight with 77% of reliability. The 35% of misclassification were due to misjudgment of drought tolerant as sensible in dry plot. The stem diameter highly correlated with all parts of plant weight in all regimes except in dry treatment. Difference of the classification between IITA and our results may cause different survival strategy against drought. The cultivars/strains, evaluated as drought tolerant by IITA, might fatten up at early stage, and could avoid from drought at latter growing stage.展开更多
This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventio...This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell （MSC） by atmospheric plasma spraying are well established. Procedures and techniques for stacking and cell/stack performance tests are continuously improved to enhance the quality and reliability. Innovative nano-structured catalysts, in which reduced Pt and CeOz particles dispersed onto the A120~ carriers can effectively prevent the migration and coalescence of the metal crystallites, are thermal stable and possess a conversion ratio higher than 95% for reforming of natural gas. A non-premixed after-burner/reformer is designed and fabricated, and it has passed the prerequisite functional tests. Layouts including stacks, components of BOP, power conditioning and control as well as gases and water supply, are designated for a 1-kW SOFC power system. In compliance with system requirements, operating modes, data acquisition, power conditioning, instrumentations, and control logics have been identified and settled. After successive system validation tests, two modules of 18-cell stacks are allocated into the SOFC system. Test results indicate a thermal self-sustaining system on natural gas is achieved with a power output of around 760 watts.展开更多
The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At pr...The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At present, the Japanese government has been forced to review the basic energy plan in the wake of the great east Japan earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011 followed by the severe accident at the nuclear power plants in Fukushima. Before the disaster, the IAE （institute of applied energy） had realized that it was not clear how CO2-free hydrogen would contribute to solving various energy and environmental issues, or that prospects were not clear for large demand of CQ-free hydrogen other than FCVs （fuel cell vehicles）. In this connection, the authors organized a voluntary ＂Concept Study Group （in short）＂ in March 2011 and held four meetings until the end of March 2012. Through the quantitative studies using IAE＇s simulation model （GRAPE）, the common recognition was built in the concept study group that hydrogen could contribute to energy security and increase in zero-emissions electric power ratio in Japan. It was also estimated that global CO2-free hydrogen supply chains could be realized by degrees after 2020. Based on these results, the authors made a proposal that hydrogen should be added in the primary energy constitution for new basic energy plan to the Japanese government because imported hydrogen could be considered as a pseudo-primary energy like LNG （liquefied natural gas）. Now, the succeeding ＂Action Plan Study Group （in short）＂ has been held focusing on hydrogen demand in various applications, future pictures of CO2-free hydrogen chains and road maps. Activity results of the ＂Concept Study Group＂ are shown here.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China(Grant No.2011CB403504)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX2-EW-208 and KZCX2-YW-Q11-02)the National Natural Science Foundationof China(Grant No.41076009)
文摘Hydrographic and direct current measurements were made in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean in May 2010 and April 2011 as part of the Eastern Indian Ocean Cruises(EIOC) organized by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO).Analyses of the shipdrift Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) data indicate that the equatorial currents observed in May 2010 are characterized by a strongly eastward surface current(Wyrtki Jets,WJs) with a maximum velocity of 0.9 m s 1,while that observed in April 2011 is weak and without a consistent direction.The strongly eastward WJ transports the surface water eastward,resulting in a deeper upper mixed layer,as shown in the temperature and salinity profiles.However,it was found that the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC) in the Eastern Indian Ocean is strong in April 2011 and weak in May 2010.The EUC was located approximately at the position of the thermocline,and it had higher salinity(up to approximately 35.5 psu) than the upper and lower waters.
文摘A large magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck northeast Japan on March 11, 2011. Thirty minutes later, a tsunami reached Tokyo Electric Power Corporation （TEPCO）＇s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and the emergency diesel generators submerged under water. Three units of the reactor experienced meltdown, and hydrogen explosions occurred at reactor houses. The RIKEN Nishina Center （RNC） contributed to the radiation screening effort by providing human resources, instruments, and transportation. The RNC also carried out extraction work and sample tests for soil contamination. Last summer, RIKEN was legally required to save 15% （equivalent to 3.3 MW） of its allocated electricity in its contract, making it extremely difficult to conduct experiments using accelerators. Accelerator operation was thus reduced to a minimum during the first half of the year. The RNC has a gas-turbine-based co-generation system （CGS） with an electrical capacity of 6.5 MW. The CGS was operated non-stop until the end of the year. RIKEN is constructing two sets of CGSs, each with a capacity of 1.5 MW to be commissioned this autumn.
文摘Physiological responses were studied in temperature-controlled glass house at Okinawa, Japan to evaluate drought and high temperature resistances of cowpea cultivar/strains for Sahel, Africa. Four drought-tolerant cowpea cultivar/strains （cv. TVu-11986; TVu-11979; IT-96D-604 and Dan Ilia）, and three sensible strains （cv. IT96K-238-3, IT96K-231-1 and TVu-7778） were grown in pots and imposed to drought （soil content; 9.7±1.9%（w/w））, high （30/26℃, day/night, 12/12 hour）, normal （27/23℃, control） and low （24/20℃） temperature conditions after flowering. Plant fresh weight reduced 80%, 26% and 1% by dry, high and low temperature, respectively. Stem diameter decreased 32% and 2% by dry and low temperature, respectively, but increased 5% by high temperature. Difference between the drought tolerant and sensible cultivars/strains, pre-evaluated by IITA, was explained by relationship between stem diameter and plant fresh weight with 77% of reliability. The 35% of misclassification were due to misjudgment of drought tolerant as sensible in dry plot. The stem diameter highly correlated with all parts of plant weight in all regimes except in dry treatment. Difference of the classification between IITA and our results may cause different survival strategy against drought. The cultivars/strains, evaluated as drought tolerant by IITA, might fatten up at early stage, and could avoid from drought at latter growing stage.
文摘This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell （MSC） by atmospheric plasma spraying are well established. Procedures and techniques for stacking and cell/stack performance tests are continuously improved to enhance the quality and reliability. Innovative nano-structured catalysts, in which reduced Pt and CeOz particles dispersed onto the A120~ carriers can effectively prevent the migration and coalescence of the metal crystallites, are thermal stable and possess a conversion ratio higher than 95% for reforming of natural gas. A non-premixed after-burner/reformer is designed and fabricated, and it has passed the prerequisite functional tests. Layouts including stacks, components of BOP, power conditioning and control as well as gases and water supply, are designated for a 1-kW SOFC power system. In compliance with system requirements, operating modes, data acquisition, power conditioning, instrumentations, and control logics have been identified and settled. After successive system validation tests, two modules of 18-cell stacks are allocated into the SOFC system. Test results indicate a thermal self-sustaining system on natural gas is achieved with a power output of around 760 watts.
文摘The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At present, the Japanese government has been forced to review the basic energy plan in the wake of the great east Japan earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011 followed by the severe accident at the nuclear power plants in Fukushima. Before the disaster, the IAE （institute of applied energy） had realized that it was not clear how CO2-free hydrogen would contribute to solving various energy and environmental issues, or that prospects were not clear for large demand of CQ-free hydrogen other than FCVs （fuel cell vehicles）. In this connection, the authors organized a voluntary ＂Concept Study Group （in short）＂ in March 2011 and held four meetings until the end of March 2012. Through the quantitative studies using IAE＇s simulation model （GRAPE）, the common recognition was built in the concept study group that hydrogen could contribute to energy security and increase in zero-emissions electric power ratio in Japan. It was also estimated that global CO2-free hydrogen supply chains could be realized by degrees after 2020. Based on these results, the authors made a proposal that hydrogen should be added in the primary energy constitution for new basic energy plan to the Japanese government because imported hydrogen could be considered as a pseudo-primary energy like LNG （liquefied natural gas）. Now, the succeeding ＂Action Plan Study Group （in short）＂ has been held focusing on hydrogen demand in various applications, future pictures of CO2-free hydrogen chains and road maps. Activity results of the ＂Concept Study Group＂ are shown here.
