基于斜切45°规则进口直腔进气道,设计了5mm×5mm格栅、15mm×15mm格栅、进口开放和封闭4种模型。结合多层快速多极子方法(Multilevel fast multipole method,MLFMM)对格栅电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,并制作了相同的试验模...基于斜切45°规则进口直腔进气道,设计了5mm×5mm格栅、15mm×15mm格栅、进口开放和封闭4种模型。结合多层快速多极子方法(Multilevel fast multipole method,MLFMM)对格栅电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,并制作了相同的试验模型进行验证,获得了格栅特征几何参数,如格栅孔间距、格栅倾角以及格栅厚度等对电磁散射特性的影响。研究表明:(1)格栅电磁散射特性数值计算结果在角域-30°~30°范围内与试验结果比较吻合,验证了仿真计算的有效性;(2)10GHz下,格栅孔间距为λ/2时,格栅电磁屏蔽效率约为43%,而孔间距达到λ/6时,接近于完全屏蔽;(3)随着格栅倾角增大,格栅电磁屏蔽效果逐渐减弱;(4)随着格栅厚度增加,格栅电磁屏蔽效率增加,但增加的幅度逐渐减小。展开更多
A fixed artificial source(greater than 200 kW) was used and the source location was selected at a high resistivity region to ensure high emission efficiency. Some publications used the "earth-ionosphere" mod...A fixed artificial source(greater than 200 kW) was used and the source location was selected at a high resistivity region to ensure high emission efficiency. Some publications used the "earth-ionosphere" mode in modeling the electromagnetic(EM) fields with the offset up to a thousand kilometer, and such EM fields still have a signal/noise ratio of 10-20 dB. This means that a new EM method with fixed source is feasible, but in their calculation, the displacement in air was neglected. In this work, some three-layer modeling results were presented to illustrate the basic EM fields' characteristics in the near, far and waveguide areas under "earth-ionosphere" mode, and a standard is given to distinguish the boundary of near, far and waveguide areas. Due to the influence of the ionosphere and displacement current in the air, the "earth-ionosphere" mode EM fields have an extra waveguide zone, where the fields' behavior is very different from that of the far field zone.展开更多
CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 particulate composites were prepared by wet ball milling method,their magnetoelectric（ME） effect was studied as a function of their constituents and modulation frequency.The results show that the ME c...CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 particulate composites were prepared by wet ball milling method,their magnetoelectric（ME） effect was studied as a function of their constituents and modulation frequency.The results show that the ME coefficient increases as a function of modulation frequency from 400 to 1000 Hz and the ME characteristics of ME curves are also modified because the electrical conductivity of the CoFe2O4 phase is sensitive to the increase in frequency between 400 and 1 000 Hz.The third phase Ba2Fe2O5 formed during the sintering tends to reduce the ME effect.展开更多
The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （...The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （EMF） during the AI alloys continuous casting was changing from 30 Hz to 50 Hz, while some castings were obtained without the EMF influence. The mechanical characterization of continuous casted AI alloys EN AW 2007 and En AW 2024 was done on testing machine Zwick/Roell Z 100. The microstructure of as-cast samples was examined, as well. When the frequency decreases （from 50 Hz to 30 Hz）, the grain size decreases as well, what is noticeable through the finer microstructure and its uniformity throughout the cross-section. These results have shown that low frequency electromagnetic field significantly influenced the microstructure and therefore the mechanical properties of as cast ingots. Thus, through improved castings quality, operation time and energy savings, the production efficiency was increased.展开更多
By solving the Boltzmann transport equation and considering the spin-dependent grain boundary scattering, the distribution of electrons in grains and the electrical transport properties in the applied magnetic field a...By solving the Boltzmann transport equation and considering the spin-dependent grain boundary scattering, the distribution of electrons in grains and the electrical transport properties in the applied magnetic field are studied. With regard to the dominant influence of grain boundary scattering which is taken as a boundary condition for the electrical transport, the grain size-dependent electrical conductivity is investigated. In addition, the reorientation of the relative magnetization between grains brings the change of the electron spin when the magnetonanocrystailine material is subjected to the magnetic field, resulting in the remarkable giant magnetoresistance effect.展开更多
Pulsed electric field is an innovative method for non-thermal food processing. The effects of pulsed electric field on cell disintegration and mass transfer in sugar beet were studied. Sugar beet slices were treated b...Pulsed electric field is an innovative method for non-thermal food processing. The effects of pulsed electric field on cell disintegration and mass transfer in sugar beet were studied. Sugar beet slices were treated by various Field strengths （0.5-6 kV cm^-1）, capacity of capacitors （0.5, 8 and 32 μF） and pulse numbers （1-100 pulses）. The cell disintegration index and energy input for each treated sample was evaluated. The results showed that the cell membrane of PEF （Pulsed Electric Field） treated samples using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 20 pulses, and 3 kV cm1, 8 μF after 10 pulses were rapidly disintegrated in less than 1 min. Most important parameters during cell permeabilization were the total energy input followed by field strength. Energy efficiency index was defined as cell disintegration index per energy input unit. The maximum efficiency index was achieved using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 5 pulses. Comparison between PEF pretreatment and thermal method showed that large amount of sugar may be extracted after PEF pretreatment using field strength of 2 Kv cm^-1, 8μF in less than 10 min at ambient temperature. In.addition, the consumed energy for thermal treatment was approximately 20 to 50 times more than PEF pretreatment. Optimizing the field conditions in PEF treatment is an important factor to achieve high amount of sugar extraction from sugar beet.展开更多
Cyclic phosphoester monomer ethyl ethylene phosphate (EEP) modified poly(ethylenimine) (PEI),denoted as PEI-EEP,was developed for gene delivery.Three PEI-EEP polymers were synthesized and their structures were charact...Cyclic phosphoester monomer ethyl ethylene phosphate (EEP) modified poly(ethylenimine) (PEI),denoted as PEI-EEP,was developed for gene delivery.Three PEI-EEP polymers were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR methods.All the PEI-EEP polymers could condense DNA efficiently at N/P ratios higher than 0.5/1.The physiochemical characteristics of PEI-EEP/DNA complexes were analyzed by particle size and zeta potential measurements.The particle sizes of complexes were around 160–250 nm,and their zeta potentials were around 30–45 mV at the N/P ratios ranging from 10/1 to 50/1.In vitro cell viability and transfection ability were evaluated in HEK293 and HeLa cells using PEI as the control.The cytotoxicity of PEI-EEP and PEI-EEP/DNA complexes was lower than that of PEI and its complexes with DNA.The transfection efficiency of PEI-EEP/DNA complexes was correlated to modification degrees with phosphoester.When the modification of phosphoester to PEI was moderate,the PEI-EEP1/DNA and PEI-EEP2/DNA complexes exhibited comparable or even higher transfection ability than PEI/DNA complex at its optimal N/P ratio in the absence of serum.However,transfection efficiency of PEI-EEP3 reduced dramatically.More importantly,the PEI-EEP exhibited higher transfection efficiency in the presence of 10% serum than that without serum.Therefore,PEI-EEP polymers may be attractive vectors for non-viral gene therapy.展开更多
Recent advances in non-radiative wireless power transfer(WPT)technique essentially relying on magnetic resonance and near-field coupling have successfully enabled a wide range of applications.However,WPT systems based...Recent advances in non-radiative wireless power transfer(WPT)technique essentially relying on magnetic resonance and near-field coupling have successfully enabled a wide range of applications.However,WPT systems based on double resonators are severely limited to short-or mid-range distance,due to the deteriorating efficiency and power with long transfer distance.WPT systems based on multi-relay resonators can overcome this problem,which,however,suffer from sensitivity to perturbations and fabrication imperfections.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a concept of topological wireless power transfer(TWPT),where energy is transferred efficiently via the near-field coupling between two topological edge states localized at the ends of a one-dimensional radiowave topological insulator.Such a TWPT system can be modelled as a parity-time-symmetric Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)chain with complex boundary potentials.Besides,the coil configurations are judiciously designed,which significantly suppress the unwanted cross-couplings between nonadjacent coils that could break the chiral symmetry of the SSH chain.By tuning the inter-and intra-cell coupling strengths,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate high energy transfer efficiency near the exceptional point of the topological edge states,even in the presence of disorder.The combination of topological metamaterials,non-Hermitian physics,and WPT techniques could promise a variety of robust,efficient WPT applications over long distances in electronics,transportation,and industry.展开更多
The time-dependent analysis of four-wave mixing(FWM) has been performed in four-level double semiconductor quantum wells(SQWs) considering the cross-coupling of the longitude-optical phonons(LOP) relaxation. It is sho...The time-dependent analysis of four-wave mixing(FWM) has been performed in four-level double semiconductor quantum wells(SQWs) considering the cross-coupling of the longitude-optical phonons(LOP) relaxation. It is shown that both the amplitude and the conversion efficiency of the FWM field enhance greatly with the increasing strength of cross-coupling of LOP relaxation. Interestingly, a double peak value of the conversion efficiency is obtained under a relatively weak single-photon detuning considering the LOP coupling. When the detuning becomes stronger,the double peaks turn into one peak appearing at the line respect to the about equality two control fields. The results can be interpreted by the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency and the indirect transition. Such controlled high efficiency FWM based on the cross-coupling LOP may have potential applications in quantum control and communications.展开更多
文摘基于斜切45°规则进口直腔进气道,设计了5mm×5mm格栅、15mm×15mm格栅、进口开放和封闭4种模型。结合多层快速多极子方法(Multilevel fast multipole method,MLFMM)对格栅电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,并制作了相同的试验模型进行验证,获得了格栅特征几何参数,如格栅孔间距、格栅倾角以及格栅厚度等对电磁散射特性的影响。研究表明:(1)格栅电磁散射特性数值计算结果在角域-30°~30°范围内与试验结果比较吻合,验证了仿真计算的有效性;(2)10GHz下,格栅孔间距为λ/2时,格栅电磁屏蔽效率约为43%,而孔间距达到λ/6时,接近于完全屏蔽;(3)随着格栅倾角增大,格栅电磁屏蔽效果逐渐减弱;(4)随着格栅厚度增加,格栅电磁屏蔽效率增加,但增加的幅度逐渐减小。
基金Projects(41204054,41541036,41604111)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A fixed artificial source(greater than 200 kW) was used and the source location was selected at a high resistivity region to ensure high emission efficiency. Some publications used the "earth-ionosphere" mode in modeling the electromagnetic(EM) fields with the offset up to a thousand kilometer, and such EM fields still have a signal/noise ratio of 10-20 dB. This means that a new EM method with fixed source is feasible, but in their calculation, the displacement in air was neglected. In this work, some three-layer modeling results were presented to illustrate the basic EM fields' characteristics in the near, far and waveguide areas under "earth-ionosphere" mode, and a standard is given to distinguish the boundary of near, far and waveguide areas. Due to the influence of the ionosphere and displacement current in the air, the "earth-ionosphere" mode EM fields have an extra waveguide zone, where the fields' behavior is very different from that of the far field zone.
基金The TGIST scholarship (TG-33-12-51-048D) is granted to the first author by the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) of NSTDA
文摘CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 particulate composites were prepared by wet ball milling method,their magnetoelectric（ME） effect was studied as a function of their constituents and modulation frequency.The results show that the ME coefficient increases as a function of modulation frequency from 400 to 1000 Hz and the ME characteristics of ME curves are also modified because the electrical conductivity of the CoFe2O4 phase is sensitive to the increase in frequency between 400 and 1 000 Hz.The third phase Ba2Fe2O5 formed during the sintering tends to reduce the ME effect.
文摘The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （EMF） during the AI alloys continuous casting was changing from 30 Hz to 50 Hz, while some castings were obtained without the EMF influence. The mechanical characterization of continuous casted AI alloys EN AW 2007 and En AW 2024 was done on testing machine Zwick/Roell Z 100. The microstructure of as-cast samples was examined, as well. When the frequency decreases （from 50 Hz to 30 Hz）, the grain size decreases as well, what is noticeable through the finer microstructure and its uniformity throughout the cross-section. These results have shown that low frequency electromagnetic field significantly influenced the microstructure and therefore the mechanical properties of as cast ingots. Thus, through improved castings quality, operation time and energy savings, the production efficiency was increased.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 90405005, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2007CB607506, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programme of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20050730016, and the Fund of of Lanzhou University under Grant No WUT2005Z04.
文摘By solving the Boltzmann transport equation and considering the spin-dependent grain boundary scattering, the distribution of electrons in grains and the electrical transport properties in the applied magnetic field are studied. With regard to the dominant influence of grain boundary scattering which is taken as a boundary condition for the electrical transport, the grain size-dependent electrical conductivity is investigated. In addition, the reorientation of the relative magnetization between grains brings the change of the electron spin when the magnetonanocrystailine material is subjected to the magnetic field, resulting in the remarkable giant magnetoresistance effect.
文摘Pulsed electric field is an innovative method for non-thermal food processing. The effects of pulsed electric field on cell disintegration and mass transfer in sugar beet were studied. Sugar beet slices were treated by various Field strengths （0.5-6 kV cm^-1）, capacity of capacitors （0.5, 8 and 32 μF） and pulse numbers （1-100 pulses）. The cell disintegration index and energy input for each treated sample was evaluated. The results showed that the cell membrane of PEF （Pulsed Electric Field） treated samples using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 20 pulses, and 3 kV cm1, 8 μF after 10 pulses were rapidly disintegrated in less than 1 min. Most important parameters during cell permeabilization were the total energy input followed by field strength. Energy efficiency index was defined as cell disintegration index per energy input unit. The maximum efficiency index was achieved using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 5 pulses. Comparison between PEF pretreatment and thermal method showed that large amount of sugar may be extracted after PEF pretreatment using field strength of 2 Kv cm^-1, 8μF in less than 10 min at ambient temperature. In.addition, the consumed energy for thermal treatment was approximately 20 to 50 times more than PEF pretreatment. Optimizing the field conditions in PEF treatment is an important factor to achieve high amount of sugar extraction from sugar beet.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2010CB934001)
文摘Cyclic phosphoester monomer ethyl ethylene phosphate (EEP) modified poly(ethylenimine) (PEI),denoted as PEI-EEP,was developed for gene delivery.Three PEI-EEP polymers were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR methods.All the PEI-EEP polymers could condense DNA efficiently at N/P ratios higher than 0.5/1.The physiochemical characteristics of PEI-EEP/DNA complexes were analyzed by particle size and zeta potential measurements.The particle sizes of complexes were around 160–250 nm,and their zeta potentials were around 30–45 mV at the N/P ratios ranging from 10/1 to 50/1.In vitro cell viability and transfection ability were evaluated in HEK293 and HeLa cells using PEI as the control.The cytotoxicity of PEI-EEP and PEI-EEP/DNA complexes was lower than that of PEI and its complexes with DNA.The transfection efficiency of PEI-EEP/DNA complexes was correlated to modification degrees with phosphoester.When the modification of phosphoester to PEI was moderate,the PEI-EEP1/DNA and PEI-EEP2/DNA complexes exhibited comparable or even higher transfection ability than PEI/DNA complex at its optimal N/P ratio in the absence of serum.However,transfection efficiency of PEI-EEP3 reduced dramatically.More importantly,the PEI-EEP exhibited higher transfection efficiency in the presence of 10% serum than that without serum.Therefore,PEI-EEP polymers may be attractive vectors for non-viral gene therapy.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61625502, 11961141010, 61975176, and U19A2054)the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by Singapore Ministry of Education under Grant Nos. MOE2018-T2-1-022 (S), MOE2015-T2-1-070, MOE2016-T3-1-006, and Tier 1 RG174/16 (S)
文摘Recent advances in non-radiative wireless power transfer(WPT)technique essentially relying on magnetic resonance and near-field coupling have successfully enabled a wide range of applications.However,WPT systems based on double resonators are severely limited to short-or mid-range distance,due to the deteriorating efficiency and power with long transfer distance.WPT systems based on multi-relay resonators can overcome this problem,which,however,suffer from sensitivity to perturbations and fabrication imperfections.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a concept of topological wireless power transfer(TWPT),where energy is transferred efficiently via the near-field coupling between two topological edge states localized at the ends of a one-dimensional radiowave topological insulator.Such a TWPT system can be modelled as a parity-time-symmetric Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)chain with complex boundary potentials.Besides,the coil configurations are judiciously designed,which significantly suppress the unwanted cross-couplings between nonadjacent coils that could break the chiral symmetry of the SSH chain.By tuning the inter-and intra-cell coupling strengths,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate high energy transfer efficiency near the exceptional point of the topological edge states,even in the presence of disorder.The combination of topological metamaterials,non-Hermitian physics,and WPT techniques could promise a variety of robust,efficient WPT applications over long distances in electronics,transportation,and industry.
基金Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant(IRT1080)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51272158,11374252,and 51372214+2 种基金Changjiang Scholar Incentive Program under Grant No.[2009]17Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China under Grant No.12A140the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China under Grant No.J20122314
文摘The time-dependent analysis of four-wave mixing(FWM) has been performed in four-level double semiconductor quantum wells(SQWs) considering the cross-coupling of the longitude-optical phonons(LOP) relaxation. It is shown that both the amplitude and the conversion efficiency of the FWM field enhance greatly with the increasing strength of cross-coupling of LOP relaxation. Interestingly, a double peak value of the conversion efficiency is obtained under a relatively weak single-photon detuning considering the LOP coupling. When the detuning becomes stronger,the double peaks turn into one peak appearing at the line respect to the about equality two control fields. The results can be interpreted by the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency and the indirect transition. Such controlled high efficiency FWM based on the cross-coupling LOP may have potential applications in quantum control and communications.
