Large size utility boilers develop rapidly in China, both their reliability and economics have reached better level. The operating situations of various existing boilers on the basis of different coals are analyzed, i...Large size utility boilers develop rapidly in China, both their reliability and economics have reached better level. The operating situations of various existing boilers on the basis of different coals are analyzed, it is held that, the notable energy imbalance of furnace exit, ever existing in the tangential firing boilers has been solved, with comparatively lower NOX emission concentration of gained. The higher NOX emission concentration and furnace slagging etc. problems existing in wall firing boilers are notable. The comprehensive analysis shows that, it is appropriate to choose lower furnace volume heat release rate and higher flame height in the type selection design of boilers, and sufficient margin should be kept in the selection of coal pulverizing mills.展开更多
Candidate materials for water wall of supercritical and ultra-supercritical utility boilers,T23 and T24,were chosen as the experimental samples and exposed to oxidizing atmosphere,reducing atmosphere and oxidizing/red...Candidate materials for water wall of supercritical and ultra-supercritical utility boilers,T23 and T24,were chosen as the experimental samples and exposed to oxidizing atmosphere,reducing atmosphere and oxidizing/reducing alternating atmosphere separately.The corrosion temperature was 450-550?C.The effects of oxygen con-tent and temperature on the corrosion in reducing atmosphere and alternating atmosphere were investigated.The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were used to examine the corroded samples.The results show that the corrosion kinetics of T23 and T24 can be described by the double logarithmic equation and parabolic equation respectively.To describe the corrosion of materials accurately it is not sufficient to analyze the macro-mass gain and the macro-thickness of the corroded layer only,but the EDS should be applied to examine the migration depth of corrosive elements O and S.It is revealed that the corrosion becomes more severe when H2S is present in the corrosive gas.S is more active than O,and Cr can reduce the migration of oxygen but not S.The combination corrosion of S and O and pure [S] has a stronger corrodibility than pure H2S.T24 suffers the most severe corrosion at oxygen content of 0.8%.Corrosion is aggravated when the corrosion temperature is above 450 ℃ in the alternating atmosphere.T23 has better corrosion resistance than T24 and W contributes a lot to the corrosion resistance of T23.展开更多
To implement a real-time reduction in NOx,a rapid and accurate model is required.A PLS-ELM model based on the combination of partial least squares(PLS)and the extreme learning machine(ELM)for the establishment of the ...To implement a real-time reduction in NOx,a rapid and accurate model is required.A PLS-ELM model based on the combination of partial least squares(PLS)and the extreme learning machine(ELM)for the establishment of the NOx emission model of utility boilers is proposed.First,the initial input variables of the NOx emission model are determined according to the mechanism analysis.Then,the initial input data is extracted by PLS.Finally,the extracted information is used as the input of the ELM model.A large amount of real data was obtained from the distributed control system(DCS)historical database of a 1 000 MW power plant boiler to train and validate the PLS-ELM model.The modeling performance of the PLS-ELM was compared with that of the back propagation(BP)neural network,support vector machine(SVM)and ELM models.The mean relative errors(MRE)of the PLS-ELM model were 1.58%for the training dataset and 1.69%for the testing dataset.The prediction precision of the PLS-ELM model is higher than those of the BP,SVM and ELM models.The consumption time of the PLS-ELM model is also shorter than that of the BP,SVM and ELM models.展开更多
Based on the investigation of NOx formation mechanism, a coal-fired utility boiler whose capacity is 1 004 t/h was studied. Excessive air coefficient, inclination of burner and the way of coal supply were investigated...Based on the investigation of NOx formation mechanism, a coal-fired utility boiler whose capacity is 1 004 t/h was studied. Excessive air coefficient, inclination of burner and the way of coal supply were investigated through experimental method. Resuits indicated that under the condition of same boiler efficiency and burn-off rate, the operation conditions adopting the lower excessive air coefficient, upward burners＇ inclination and pyramid coal-supply could reduce NOx emission.展开更多
High-temperature heating surface such as superheater and reheater of large-sized utility boiler all experiences a relatively severe working conditions. The failure of boiler tubes will directly impact the safe and eco...High-temperature heating surface such as superheater and reheater of large-sized utility boiler all experiences a relatively severe working conditions. The failure of boiler tubes will directly impact the safe and economic operation of boiler. An on-line life monitoring model of high-temperature heating surface was set up according to the well-known L-M formula of the creep damages. The tube wall metal temperature and working stress was measured by on-line monitoring, and with this model, the real-time calculation of the life expenditure of the heating surface tube bundles were realized. Based on the technique the on-line life monitoring and management system of high-temperature heating surface was developed for a 300 MW utility boiler. An effective device was thus suggested for the implementation of the safe operation and the condition-based maintenance of utility boilers.展开更多
Low-NOX combustion retrofit is performed by adopting staged combustion technology for a 600 MW utility boiler with a four-corner tangential firing system. The emission data of NOX before and after retrofit are compare...Low-NOX combustion retrofit is performed by adopting staged combustion technology for a 600 MW utility boiler with a four-corner tangential firing system. The emission data of NOX before and after retrofit are compared and analyzed. The test results show that the emission concentration of NOX decreases obviously after the low-NOX retrofit. Additionally, the emission of NOX decreases by nearly 50% when the unit load is higher than 350 MW. It can also be concluded that the emission of NOX is influenced significantly by the amount of SOFA, the damper opening of auxiliary air, the differential pressure between the secondary air windbox and the furnace, and so on.展开更多
An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass (PCP) in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of th...An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass (PCP) in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the horizontal convective pass (HCP) in the two utility boilers. These experiments show that there are great temperature differences in the side wall areas during the startup process in both utility boilers. These temperature differences can reach 80～150 °C with the side wall temperature in the PCP area higher than those in the water-cooled wall and the HCP. The highest temperature in the PCP is close to the flue gas side temperature at the same position in the horizontal flue gas pass. Thermal stress analyses are conducted in the side wall areas in the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the HCP with the software ANSYS. The results show that, at great temperature differences, the PCP side wall undergoes negative thermal stresses that exceed the yield strength causing deformation in the PCP side wall.展开更多
文摘Large size utility boilers develop rapidly in China, both their reliability and economics have reached better level. The operating situations of various existing boilers on the basis of different coals are analyzed, it is held that, the notable energy imbalance of furnace exit, ever existing in the tangential firing boilers has been solved, with comparatively lower NOX emission concentration of gained. The higher NOX emission concentration and furnace slagging etc. problems existing in wall firing boilers are notable. The comprehensive analysis shows that, it is appropriate to choose lower furnace volume heat release rate and higher flame height in the type selection design of boilers, and sufficient margin should be kept in the selection of coal pulverizing mills.
基金Supported by the "Twelfth Five-Year" National Science and Technology Support Program (2011BAK06B04)
文摘Candidate materials for water wall of supercritical and ultra-supercritical utility boilers,T23 and T24,were chosen as the experimental samples and exposed to oxidizing atmosphere,reducing atmosphere and oxidizing/reducing alternating atmosphere separately.The corrosion temperature was 450-550?C.The effects of oxygen con-tent and temperature on the corrosion in reducing atmosphere and alternating atmosphere were investigated.The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were used to examine the corroded samples.The results show that the corrosion kinetics of T23 and T24 can be described by the double logarithmic equation and parabolic equation respectively.To describe the corrosion of materials accurately it is not sufficient to analyze the macro-mass gain and the macro-thickness of the corroded layer only,but the EDS should be applied to examine the migration depth of corrosive elements O and S.It is revealed that the corrosion becomes more severe when H2S is present in the corrosive gas.S is more active than O,and Cr can reduce the migration of oxygen but not S.The combination corrosion of S and O and pure [S] has a stronger corrodibility than pure H2S.T24 suffers the most severe corrosion at oxygen content of 0.8%.Corrosion is aggravated when the corrosion temperature is above 450 ℃ in the alternating atmosphere.T23 has better corrosion resistance than T24 and W contributes a lot to the corrosion resistance of T23.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71471060)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2018502111)
文摘To implement a real-time reduction in NOx,a rapid and accurate model is required.A PLS-ELM model based on the combination of partial least squares(PLS)and the extreme learning machine(ELM)for the establishment of the NOx emission model of utility boilers is proposed.First,the initial input variables of the NOx emission model are determined according to the mechanism analysis.Then,the initial input data is extracted by PLS.Finally,the extracted information is used as the input of the ELM model.A large amount of real data was obtained from the distributed control system(DCS)historical database of a 1 000 MW power plant boiler to train and validate the PLS-ELM model.The modeling performance of the PLS-ELM was compared with that of the back propagation(BP)neural network,support vector machine(SVM)and ELM models.The mean relative errors(MRE)of the PLS-ELM model were 1.58%for the training dataset and 1.69%for the testing dataset.The prediction precision of the PLS-ELM model is higher than those of the BP,SVM and ELM models.The consumption time of the PLS-ELM model is also shorter than that of the BP,SVM and ELM models.
基金Supported by the Youth Fundation of Shanghai University of Electric Power (F2004016)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (P1302)
文摘Based on the investigation of NOx formation mechanism, a coal-fired utility boiler whose capacity is 1 004 t/h was studied. Excessive air coefficient, inclination of burner and the way of coal supply were investigated through experimental method. Resuits indicated that under the condition of same boiler efficiency and burn-off rate, the operation conditions adopting the lower excessive air coefficient, upward burners＇ inclination and pyramid coal-supply could reduce NOx emission.
文摘High-temperature heating surface such as superheater and reheater of large-sized utility boiler all experiences a relatively severe working conditions. The failure of boiler tubes will directly impact the safe and economic operation of boiler. An on-line life monitoring model of high-temperature heating surface was set up according to the well-known L-M formula of the creep damages. The tube wall metal temperature and working stress was measured by on-line monitoring, and with this model, the real-time calculation of the life expenditure of the heating surface tube bundles were realized. Based on the technique the on-line life monitoring and management system of high-temperature heating surface was developed for a 300 MW utility boiler. An effective device was thus suggested for the implementation of the safe operation and the condition-based maintenance of utility boilers.
文摘Low-NOX combustion retrofit is performed by adopting staged combustion technology for a 600 MW utility boiler with a four-corner tangential firing system. The emission data of NOX before and after retrofit are compared and analyzed. The test results show that the emission concentration of NOX decreases obviously after the low-NOX retrofit. Additionally, the emission of NOX decreases by nearly 50% when the unit load is higher than 350 MW. It can also be concluded that the emission of NOX is influenced significantly by the amount of SOFA, the damper opening of auxiliary air, the differential pressure between the secondary air windbox and the furnace, and so on.
基金supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. PCSIRT0720)the Overseas Returnee Scholar Foundation of North China Electric Power University, China
文摘An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass (PCP) in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the horizontal convective pass (HCP) in the two utility boilers. These experiments show that there are great temperature differences in the side wall areas during the startup process in both utility boilers. These temperature differences can reach 80～150 °C with the side wall temperature in the PCP area higher than those in the water-cooled wall and the HCP. The highest temperature in the PCP is close to the flue gas side temperature at the same position in the horizontal flue gas pass. Thermal stress analyses are conducted in the side wall areas in the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the HCP with the software ANSYS. The results show that, at great temperature differences, the PCP side wall undergoes negative thermal stresses that exceed the yield strength causing deformation in the PCP side wall.
