电网暂态故障下风电机组动态载荷分析

随着风电规模化开发利用,电网暂态故障引起的风电机组疲劳损伤问题也越来越突出。针对风电机组机械和电气部分仿真模型简化的问题,基于联合仿真思想,建立了5 MW风电机组FAST与MATLAB/Simulink的联合仿真模型。研究分析了对称和不对称电压暂态跌落工况对风电机组机械动态载荷的影响机理和特性。仿真结果表明,电网电压暂态故障对风电机组叶尖摆振和塔架及主轴受力带来较大影响,增大了叶片、塔架和主轴等部件的机械疲劳载荷,尤其是在不对称跌落时更为显著,而叶尖挥舞及塔架振动加速度所受影响较小。研究结果也为后续进一步动态载荷抑制提供了理论基础。

电网故障条件下双馈机组运行特性分析及其协调控制

电网发生暂态故障情况下,风力发电机定、转子均会出现过压、过电流等一系列问题,若不采取及时有效的应对措施,会导致风电机组大规模解列,将使电网故障进一步恶化。为防止上述情况出现,提高风电机组应对电网暂态故障的能力,详细分析了电网故障时双馈感应风力发电机的运行特性,提出了一种电网故障条件下转子侧变流器与Crowbar电路的协调控制策略。重点研究了转子侧变流器与Crowbar电路在暂态故障期间状态切换逻辑;在低电压稳态运行期间,提出采用不同故障类型下的相应控制方法,即对称跌落时采用常规PI控制,不对称跌落时采用PIR控制;并给出了整个跌落期间双馈发电机完整的协调控制流程图。最后基于理论分析,研制了40kW双馈型风电模拟系统,将该系统应用于电力系统动模试验系统进行实验验证。实验结果表明,采用该协调控制策略,在电网暂态故障下,能有效改善双馈发电机定、转子过流、过压的情况,实现了双馈感应发电机在电网故障时的低电压穿越功能。电力系统动模试验系统与真实电网仿真度较高,研究成果对大功率机组增强应对电网故障能力具有重要的参考意义。

配电网柔性接地暂态过程分析与优化方法研究

针对传统配电网谐振接地方式无法实现暂态过程补偿的问题,通过对新型柔性接地暂态过程进行分析,提出了一种基于柔性接地方式的暂态响应优化方法。当发生单相接地故障后,通过有源逆变器向配电网中性点注入有功分量及无功分量的补偿电流,从而优化单相接地故障的暂态响应。理论分析与仿真结果表明,补偿电流有功分量可加快暂态过程的衰减并抑制瞬态过电压的幅值;无功分量则用于补偿消弧线圈的暂态电流,由此降低建弧率或使得电弧快速熄灭,减小由瞬时性故障发展成为永久性故障的概率。该暂态响应优化方法能够实现单相接地故障暂态期间柔性消弧与可靠自愈,进一步提升了配电网的运行可靠性。

A Novel Transient Current-Based Differential Algorithm for Earth Fault Detection in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks

This paper presents a novel transient current differential algorithm for earth fault detection in unearthed （isolated） and compensated neutral medium voltage （MV） networks. The proposed algorithm uses the transient residual currents, which are very sensitive for earth faults detection. The transient values of residual currents are calculated for each feeder in the network and used as an earth fault indicator. The flow of residual currents is investigated. It is found that the residual current for the faulted feeder is equal to the summation of all residual currents for all other healthy feedersl Based on this investigation, a differential technique is proposed. A percentage restrain performance is proposed to ensure the selectivity and security of the algorithm. The transient algorithm is very sensitive for earth fault incidence. To apply the proposed algorithm, the residual currents can be measured easily by one sensor for each feeder with no need to voltage measurement. The proposed algorithm is less dependent on the fault resistance and the faulted feeder parameters. The network is simulated by ATP/EMTP program. Different fault conditions are covered in the simulation process： different fault inception angles, fault locations and fault resistances.