考虑火电对空气质量影响的机组检修计划与电能分解方法

火电厂排放的大气污染物对人居环境的影响与其时空分布特性有关。文中基于人居环境空气质量指数(AQI),通过对火电机组污染物排放和扩散特性的分析,建立了评估火电污染物对人居环境影响程度的指标——AQI影响系数。在检修期备用容量满足导则等要求的前提下,提出了一种根据影响系数排序结果确定机组检修计划的方法,以及一种考虑现有各月AQI分布的火电机组年度合同电能分解方法,在优化重点月份AQI分布的同时兼顾能耗指标考核要求。算例表明,所提出的方法简便有效,能够调控火电机组AQI贡献值的年度分布状况,并可缓解重点月份空气污染程度。

电力现货市场年度基数电量分解方法研究

电力现货市场改革已成为我国电力市场化改革的重点。随着改革的不断深化,传统的电力电量计划形成机制将发生根本性改变。从各试点地区的试运行情况来看,年度基础电量分解方法是市场主体关注的焦点之一。为此,基于当前广泛采用的"中长期差价合约+全电量竞价现货交易"模式,介绍了电力现货市场的交易组织特点,探讨了年度基础电量分解方式差异对发电企业的经营效益的影响机理;结合实际,提出了按基数电量份额等比例和按发电能力同比例两种分解方法。最后基于我国某省电网实际数据构造的算例表明,当存在网络阻塞时,按基数电量份额等比例分解方法存在超出其实际发电能力的问题,可能导致发电企业基础电量实际完成率偏低,影响其经济效益。

Recent advances in one-dimensional nanostructures for energy electrocatalysis

Catalysts play decisive roles in determining the energy conversion efficiencies of energy devices.Up to now,various types of nanostructured materials have been studied as advanced electrocatalysts.This review highlights the application of one‐dimensional(1D)metal electrocatalysts in energy conversion,focusing on two important reaction systems-direct methanol fuel cells and water splitting.In this review,we first give a broad introduction of electrochemical energy conversion.In the second section,we summarize the recent significant advances in the area of 1D metal nanostructured electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reactions involved in fuel cells and water splitting systems,including the oxygen reduction reaction,methanol oxidation reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and oxygen evolution reaction.Finally,based on the current studies on 1D nanostructures for energy electrocatalysis,we present a brief outlook on the research trend in 1D nanoelectrocatalysts for the two clean electrochemical energy conversion systems mentioned above.

Preparation and properties of composite polymer electrolyte modified with nano-size rare earth oxide

Poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene） （PVDF-HFP） based composite polymer electrolyte （CPE） modified with CeO2, La2O3 and Y2O3 nano-rare earth oxides was prepared by phase inversion technique. Physical and chemical properties of the modified CPEs were studied by SEM, TG-DSC and electrochemical methods. The results show that the CPE modified with 10% La2O3 （mass fraction） has the best practical applicability, which indicates that the thermal and electrochemical stability can reach over 400 ℃ and 4.5 V, respectively, and temperature dependence of ionic conductivity follows Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher （VTF） relationship and ionic conductivity at room temperature is up to 3.3 mS/cm. The interfacial resistance Ri reaches a stable value about 557 Ω after 6 d storage.

Electrochemical creation of surface charge transfer channels on photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting

Electrochemical treatment is a popular and efficient method for improving the photoelectrochemical performance of water‐splitting photoelectrodes.In our previous study,the electrochemical activation of Mo‐doped BiVO_(4) electrodes was ascribed to the removal of MoO_(x) segregations,which are considered to be surface recombination centers for photoinduced electrons and holes.However,this proposed mechanism cannot explain why activated Mo‐doped BiVO_(4) electrodes gradually lose their activity when exposed to air.In this study,based on various characterizations,it is suggested that electrochemical treatment not only removes partial MoO_(x) segregations but also initiates the formation of H_(y)MoO_(x) surface defects,which provide charge transfer channels for photogenerated holes.The charge separation of the Mo‐doped BiVO_(4) electrode was significantly enhanced by these charge transfer channels.This study offers a new insight into the electrochemical activation of Mo‐doped BiVO_(4) photoanodes,and the new concept of surface charge transfer channels,a long overlooked factor,will be valuable for the development of other(photo)electrocatalytic systems.

Competition between(18,18)and(18,16)Configurations in Ni2(CO)5:An Isomerization Energy Decomposition Analysis

The potential energy landscape of the neutral Ni_(2)(CO)_(5) complex was re-examined.A new C_(2v) structure with double bridging carbonyls is found to compete with the previously proposed triply carbonyl-bridged D_(3h) isomer for the global minimum of Ni_(2)(CO)_(5).Despite that the tri-bridged isomer possesses the more favored(18,18)configuration,where both metal centers satisfy the 18-electron rule,the neutral Ni_(2)(CO)_(5) complex prefers the di-bridged geometry with(18,16)configuration.The isomerization energy decomposition analysis reveals that the structural preference is a consequence of the maximization of electrostatic and orbital interactions.

智能电网大数据的分析与应用(英文)

能源互联网的兴起是全球能源环境与经济发展双重压力导致的结果,这种趋势不可避免地促进大数据分析技术的快速发展。大数据技术是指从各种各样类型的海量数据中,快速获得有价值信息的技术。简要介绍了国网智研院美国研究院大数据团队的研究工作和实验室软硬件配置,介绍了智能电网数据结构和计算架构等概念性的设计。重点介绍了与斯坦福大学合作进行的用户分组分类和需求响应定量计算方法,以及非侵入式电能分解。这些工作基于集成的数据模型和开源软件技术,将为电网公司和客户同时带来收益。

Enabling practical electrocatalyst-assisted photoelectro- chemical water splitting with earth abundant materials

Sustainable development and continued prosperity of humanity hinge on the availability of renewable energy sources on a terawatts scale. In the long run, solar energy is the only source that can meet this daunting demand. Widespread utilization of solar energy faces challenges as a result of its diffusive （hence low energy density） and intermittent nature. How to effectively harvest, concentrate, store and redistribute solar energy constitutes a fundamental challenge that the scientific community needs to address. Photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting is a process that can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy and store it in chemical bonds, by producing hydrogen as a clean fuel source. It has received significant research attention lately. Here we provide a concise review of the key issues encountered in carrying out PEC water splitting. Our focus is on the balance of considerations such as stability, earth abundance, and efficiency. Particular attention is paid to the combination of photoelectrodes with electrocatalysts, especially on the interfaces between different components.

Least energy solutions for semilinear Schrdinger equation with electromagnetic fields and critical growth

We study a class of semilinear SchrSdinger equation with electromagnetic fields and the nonlinearity term involving critical growth. We assume that the potential of the equation includes a parameter A and can be negative in some domain. Moreover, the potential behaves like potential well when the parameter A is large. Using variational methods combining Nehari methods, we prove that the equation has a least energy solution which, as the parameter A becomes large, localized near the bottom of the potential well. Our result is an extension of the corresponding result for the SchrSdinger equation which involves critical growth but does not involve electromagnetic fields.

Determination of bandgaps of photoactive materials in perovskite solar cells at high temperatures by in-situ temperature-dependent resistance measurement

Normally, it is difficult to directly measure the bandgaps of perovskite based on methylammonium(MA) or formamidinium(FA) at high temperatures due to material decomposition. We prevent the decomposition by keeping the synthesized perovskite films(MAPbI_3 and MAPbI_3) in organic iodide vapors, then measure the in-situ resistance of the films at varied temperatures, and further evaluate the bandgaps of these two materials. The evaluated bandgaps are consistent with the results from ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis) absorption spectrum. The bandgap of MAPbI_3 decreases with temperature above 95 ℃, whereas that of FAPbI_3 first increases with temperature from 95 ℃ to 107 ℃ and then decreases with temperature above 107 ℃.

Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells employing Pt/C_(60) counter electrode provide an efficiency exceeding 2%

A microporous platinum/fullerenes (Pt/C 60) counter electrode was prepared by using a facile rapid thermal decomposition method,and the quantum-dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) of Pt/C 60-TiO 2-CdS-ZnS and Pt/C 60-TiO 2-CdTe-ZnS was fabrication.The technique forms a good contact between QDs and TiO 2 films.The photovoltaic performances of the as-prepared cells were investigated.The QDSSCs with Pt/C 60 counter electrode show high power conversion efficiency of 1.90% and 2.06%,respectively (under irradiation of a simulated solar light with an intensity of 100 mW cm 2),which is comparable to the one fabricated using conventional Pt electrode.