Clean energy is the most promising technology for sustainable growth. The development of clean energy requires a considerable amount of R ＆ D （research ＆ development） expenditure and various core technologies, and...Clean energy is the most promising technology for sustainable growth. The development of clean energy requires a considerable amount of R ＆ D （research ＆ development） expenditure and various core technologies, and therefore, international research collaboration is necessary for prompt and efficient development. The study is aimed at establishing a knowledge base that can help to prepare international research collaboration policies for solving global challenges effectively. The authors demonstrate the research capacity and international research collaboration in solar cell and fuel cell technologies, using global research network diagrams gathered from 35,322 and 33,136 academic papers, respectively. The diagrams include the data of research competency and co-authorship. More than 6,000 institutions and 100 countries are involved in each field. Based on the diagrams, the technologies are compared and international collaboration is analyzed. A valley of research collaboration in Asia is identified for both technologies. Then, science and education policies that influence the structures are discussed.展开更多
Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects...Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects. The functional properties of such heterostructures have attracted much attention in the microelectronic and renewable energy fields. Exotic and unexpected states of matter could arise from the reconstruction and coupling among lattice, charge, orbital and spin at the interfaces. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy （STEM） is a powerful tool to visualize the lattice structure and electronic structure at the atomic scale. In the present study some novel phenomena of oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale are summarized and pointed out from the perspective of electron microscopy.展开更多
文摘Clean energy is the most promising technology for sustainable growth. The development of clean energy requires a considerable amount of R ＆ D （research ＆ development） expenditure and various core technologies, and therefore, international research collaboration is necessary for prompt and efficient development. The study is aimed at establishing a knowledge base that can help to prepare international research collaboration policies for solving global challenges effectively. The authors demonstrate the research capacity and international research collaboration in solar cell and fuel cell technologies, using global research network diagrams gathered from 35,322 and 33,136 academic papers, respectively. The diagrams include the data of research competency and co-authorship. More than 6,000 institutions and 100 countries are involved in each field. Based on the diagrams, the technologies are compared and international collaboration is analyzed. A valley of research collaboration in Asia is identified for both technologies. Then, science and education policies that influence the structures are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB921002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07030200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51522212 and51421002)
文摘Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects. The functional properties of such heterostructures have attracted much attention in the microelectronic and renewable energy fields. Exotic and unexpected states of matter could arise from the reconstruction and coupling among lattice, charge, orbital and spin at the interfaces. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy （STEM） is a powerful tool to visualize the lattice structure and electronic structure at the atomic scale. In the present study some novel phenomena of oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale are summarized and pointed out from the perspective of electron microscopy.
