电解加钛与熔配加钛对工业纯铝晶粒细化的作用

对比研究了电解加钛,以Al Ti和Al Ti B中间合金方式向工业纯铝熔配加钛以及向电解低钛铝合金中再熔配加Al B中间合金的细化效果。结果表明,不同加钛方式对纯铝都有较强的细化作用;在钛含量相同的条件下,电解加钛的晶粒细化能力明显高于熔配加Al Ti中间合金的;钛含量较低时,熔配加Al Ti B中间合金的细化效果略好于电解加钛的,钛含量较高时,二者的细化能力相当。向电解生产的低钛铝合金中再熔配加入Al B中间合金,可明显改善晶粒细化效果,尤其在较低的钛含量时表现得非常明显。

电解加钛对6063铝合金的晶粒细化效果

向铝电解槽中加入少量的二氧化钛,可生产含少量钛的电解低钛铝合金锭。本文用电解低钛铝合金锭配置6063变形铝合金,研究了这种加钛方式对6063铝合金的晶粒细化效果及细化机理,并与铝钛中间合金,对6063铝合金的细化效果做了对比。结果表明,电解加钛的细化效果优于用铝钛中间合金加钛的细化效果,且随保温时间的延长,有更好的抗晶粒细化衰退效果。用电解低钛铝合金配置6063铝合金是完全可行的,用电解的方法加入二氧化钛是一种质优价廉的新方法。

芴的电解加氢

本文以芴为模型化合物来探讨煤电解加氢的适宜操作条件。通过试验确定了芴在 TBABF_4-THF-H_2O 系统中电解加氢制取低沸点化合物的最佳工艺条件,其中Ⅰ=12mA/cm^2,Q=6～8F/mol,[H_2O]=4.4M,[TBABF_4]=0.5M,[Fluorene]=0.2M.结果证明,在上述条件下,芴可以被完全电解加氢,生成沸点低于芴的物质,这为进一步研究煤的电解加氢打下了基础。

电解加钛ZL108合金的高温拉伸和磨损性能

分别用纯铝锭和Al-0.30%Ti电解低钛铝合金锭熔配了共晶Al-Si无钛ZL108和5种不同钛含量的ZL108Ti合金,对比研究了它们在300℃时的高温拉伸和室温磨损性能。结果表明:随着钛含量的增加,合金的高温抗拉强度和耐磨性不断增加,当钛含量为0.12%时,ZL108Ti合金有最佳的高温抗拉强度,平均值达到135.94 MPa,室温耐磨性能也明显优于其它钛含量合金,因此过高的Ti含量不一定对合金的力学性能和耐磨性有利。

电解加工异形凸台的对刀装置的改进

电解加工异形凸台的对刀装置的改进西安航空发动机公司辛永刚我公司承接国外某壳体零件的来料加工，其关建工序是在该零件内外壁面上电解加工出２２个均布的异形凸台（见图１），且有一定同轴度要求，如采用传统的对刀装置，即：将对刀块安装在电解分度盘上的定位销上，并...

加电解质分离2-甲基吡嗪-水混合物

提出“精馏-加电解质萃取”联合过程分离2-甲基吡嗪(MP)-水混合物,其中加电解质萃取是工艺的关键。MP-水混合物加电解质萃取过程的最佳工艺条件为:选用质量分数为60％的NaOH水溶液作萃取剂,萃取温度30～40℃,萃取比m(NaOH水溶液)/m(MP-水混合物)=0.5/1。NaOH对MP-水共沸物脱水率达95.5％,萃取后有机相中ω(MP)=96.1124％;并研究了NaOH水溶液作为萃取剂的稳定性。实验表明,NaOH水溶液性能稳定,易回收,可循环使用。

汽车蓄电池二次加电解液密度计算

汽车起动用蓄电池生产采用电池化成工艺及两次加电解液方法,具有化成效率高的优点,但二次加液密度比较难确定,需大量的试验和验证。本文推算出了二次加液密度的公式,通过二次加液密度的计算后再验证、调整、确定,可减少试验次数,降低试验工作量。

用户侧电解水制加氢一体化项目经济性及应用研究

以电解水制加氢一体化为技术线路,通过成本收益模型,对用户侧制加氢一体化项目进行临界氢价测算和经济性研究分析。从用电商业模式来看,当基本收益率满足6%条件时,反算所得制氢价和售氢价均高于市场价。由此可见,电解水制氢项目推广应用存在较大阻碍,政府应颁布优惠政策,提供补贴支持。基于此,对项目的商业模式进行进一步探究,在通过利用新能源弃风弃电或低谷电价制氢,降低用电成本的同时,考虑制氢的低碳环保效益,并大力推广。

Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries:A review

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响。结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象。对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析。

EFFECTS OF ELECTRODE INSULATION THICKNESS ON ELECTROCHEMICAL DRILLING STABILITY AND ACCURACY

Effect of electrode insulation on the electric field and the flow field of the machining gap during electrochemical drilling（ECD） is numerically studied. Electric field simulation shows that the current density along the side gap decreases with increasing the thickness of electrode insulation. And the analysis of the electrolyte flow in the frontal gap shows that the insulation thickness has a remarkable influence on the pressure distributions. Ex- periments investigate the influence of the insulation thickness on the main characteristics of the machined hole, i.e. , radial overcut, entrance conicity, and current stability. The poor hole is observed and identified as most likely to occur with a combination of the low tool feed rate and the low insulation thickness. The appropriate thickness of the insulating layer leads to an improvement on hole accuracy and machining stability.

Effect of vinylene carbonate as electrolyte additive on cycling performance of LiFePO_4/graphite cell at elevated temperature

Effects of film-forming additive on stability of electrode and cycling performance of LiFePO4/graphite cell at elevated temperature were studied. Two 18650 cells with and without VC additive were investigated by galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that in the presence of VC additive, dissolution of Fe from LiFePO4 material is greatly depressed and stability of graphite structure is improved; the additive can not only reduce reaction of electrolyte on surface of LiFePO4 electrode but also suppress reduction of solvent and thickening of the solid electrolyte interface （SEI） layer on graphite surface. Electrolyte with VC is considered to be a good candidate for improving cycling performance of the LiFePOa/graphite cell at elevated temperature.

TiB_2粒子的原位生成及对铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过对向电解加钛铝熔体加入Al-B中间合金制备含TiB2颗粒的Al合金的研究,分析了这种原位反应法制备工艺的可行性。试验结果表明,熔体中的自由钛、硼原子能自发反应生成稳定的TiB2粒子,且TiB2颗粒细小、弥散的分布在熔体中。随TiB2颗粒含量的增加,TiB2颗粒在合金中的分布更加均匀,铝合金的布氏硬度也随之大幅度提高。

Research of Shaping Law of Electrochemical Perforation with Fixed Cathode

A kind of new idea based on electromagnetic theory is presented, and it is used in research of the shaping law of electrochemical perforation with fixed cathode. The changing laws of the electric field vectors at certain point on the surface of the anode workpiece with machining time, such as the electric field intensity E , the current density j and so on, are introduced. The mathematical model of the perforating velocity is presented, moreover, the experimental result to verify it is given at the end of the paper.

Influence of counter electrode material during accelerated durability test of non-precious metal electrocatalysts in acidic medium

Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be established for the reliable evaluation of NPMEs. In this study, platinum and graphite counter electrodes were used to investigate the impact of counter electrode material on the accelerated durability testing （ADT） of NPMEs in acidic medium. Platinum used as the coun- ter electrode in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical cell was found to dissolve in acidic medium and re-deposit on NPME coated on the working electrode during ADT. Such re-deposition causes the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） performance of NPMEs to remarkably improve, and thus will seriously mislead our judgment of NPMEs if we are unaware of it. The phenomenon can be avoided using a graphite counter electrode.

An Asynchronous Implementation of Add-Compare-Select Processor for Communication Systems

A novel asynchronous ACS(add-compare-select) processor for Viterbi decoder is described.It is controlled by local handshake signals instead of the globe clock.The circuits of asynchronous adder unit,asynchronous comparator unit,and asynchronous selector unit are proposed.A full-custom design of asynchronous 4-bit ACS processor is fabricated in CSMC-HJ 0.6μm CMOS 2P2M mixed-mode process.At a supply voltage of 5V,when it operates at 20MHz,the power consumption is 75.5mW.The processor has no dynamic power consumption when it awaits an opportunity in sleep mode.The results of performance test of asynchronous 4-bit ACS processor show that the average case response time 19.18ns is only 82% of the worst-case response time 23.37ns.Compared with the synchronous 4-bit ACS processor in power consumption and performance by simulation,it reveals that the asynchronous ACS processor has some advantages than the synchronous one.

Influence of CsNO_3 as electrolyte additive on electrochemical property of lithium anode in rechargeable battery

Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for rechargeable battery with high energy density,but its practical use is still hindered by two main problems,namely,lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency.To address the issues,cesium nitrate(CsNO3)is selected as the additive to modify the electrolyte for lithium secondary battery.Here we report electrochemical performance of lithium secondary battery with different concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive.The study result demonstrates that Coulombic efficiency of Li–Cu cells and the lifetime of symmetric lithium cells contained CsNO3 additive are improved greatly.Li–Cu cell with 0.05 mol/L CsNO3 and 0.15 mol/L LiNO3 as electrolyte additive presents the best electrochemical performance,having the highest Coulombic efficiency of around 97%and the lowest interfacial resistance.With increasing the concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive,the electrochemical performance of cells becomes poor.Meanwhile,the morphology of lithium deposited films with CsNO3-modified electrolyte become smoother and more uniform compared with the basic electrolyte.

Electrical conductivity of (Na_3AlF_6-40%K_3AlF_6)-AlF_3-Al_2O_3 melts

The effects of contents of AlF3 and Al2O3, and temperature on electrical conductivity of （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）- AlF3-Al2O3 were studied by continuously varying cell censtant （CVCC） technique. The results show that the conductivities of melts increase with the increase of temperature, but by different extents. Every increasing 10 ℃ results in an increase of 1.85 × 10^-2, 1.86× 10^-2, 1.89 × 10^-2 and 2.20 × 10^-2 S/cm in conductivity for the （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts containing 0%, 20%, 24%, and 30% AlF3, respectively. An increase of every 10 ℃ in temperature results an increase about 1.89× 10^-2, 1.94 × 10^-2, 1.95 × 10^-2, 1.99× 10^-2 and 2.10× 10^-2 S/cm for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% Al2O3, respectively. The activation energy of conductance was calculated based on Arrhenius equation. Every increasing 1% of AlF3 results in a decrease of 0.019 and 0.020 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts at 900 and 1 000 ℃, respectively. Every increase of 1% Al2O3 results in a decrease of 0.07 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts. The activation energy of conductance increases with the increase in content of AlF3 and Al2O3.

Effect of additives on anode passivation in direct electrolysis process of copper–nickel based alloy scraps

Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.Results obtained from chronopotentiometry and linear voltammetry curves showed that the Ni component made electrochemical stability of the anode strong and difficult to be corroded,caused by the adsorption of generated Cu2O,NiO or copper powder to the anode surface.The Ni2+reducing Cu2+to Cu+or copper powder aggravated the anode passivation.In a certain range of the glue concentration≤8×10–6 or thiourea concentration≤4×10–6,the increase of glue or thiourea concentration increases the anode passivation time.Over this range,glue and thiourea played an adverse effect.The increase of chloride ions concentration led to the increase in passivation time.

Catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide over modified coal-based activated carbons by loading metal

A novel type of metal oxide/activated carbon catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method for the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide （COS）. The influences of the calcination temperature, additive content （2.5%-10.0% Fe2O3, mass fraction） and the basic density of the activation process were thoroughly investigated. The surface of catalysts was characterized by Boehm titration. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results show that catalysts with 2.5%-5.0% Fe2O3 after calcining at 500 ℃ have superior activity. The conversion rate of COS increases with increasing the relative density of basic capacity loaded onto activated carbon（AC）, and the activity follows the order： KOH〉Na2CO3 〉NaHCO3. Boehm titration data clearly show that the total acidity increases （from 0.06 to 0.48 mmol/g） and the basic groups decrease （from 0.78 to 0.56 mmol/g） after COS hydrolysis and H2S adsorption. The XPS results show that the product of HzS may be absorbed by the interaction with metal compounds and 02 to form sulfate （171.28 eV） and element sulfur （164.44 eV）, which lead to catalysts poisoning.