血清与肝素抗凝的全血标本电解质、葡萄糖测定结果比较

目的 探讨血清与肝素抗凝的全血标本电解质、葡萄糖测定结果是否存在差异。方法 用多功能自动血气分析仪对 3 0例患者血清及肝素抗凝的全血标本电解质中的钾、钠、氯、钙及葡萄糖进行测定。结果除钠外 ,两种标本的其余各项测定结果均存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 解决这一问题的对策有二 :一是开发生产对电解质和血气分析结果基本无影响的肝素锂 ,二是建立肝素抗凝全血标本的电解质、葡萄糖正常参考值。

Optimization of dual electrolyte and characteristic of micro-arc oxidation coating fabricated on ZK60 Mg alloy

Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） process was carried out in a dual electrolyte system of NaAlO 2 and Na 3 PO 4 to develop compact, smooth and corrosion-resistant coatings on ZK60 Mg alloy by single factor experiments. The microstructural characteristics of coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. Test of mass loss was conducted at a 3.5% NaCl solution to assess the resistance to corrosion. The effect of every element in the dual electrolyte system on voltage—time responses during MAO process and the coating characteristic were also analyzed and discussed systematically via single factor experiments. The results reveal that the main components of NaAlO 2 and Na 3 PO 4 as well as additives of NaOH, NaB4O7 and C6H5Na3O7 demonstrate different effects on MAO process and coating characteristics. By means of single factor experiments, an optimized dual electrolyte system was developed, containing 17.5 g/L NaAlO 2, 5.0 g/LNa3 PO4, 5.0 g/L NaOH, 3.0 g/L NaB4O7 and 4.2g/LC6H5Na3O7 .

Effects of Reducing Mn^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Zn^(2+) Concentrations in Nutrient Solution on SOD Activity in Grafted Cucumber Seedling Leaves Under Cold Stress

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of reducing the concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution on the contents of Mn, Cu and Zn of grafted cucumber leaves as well as on the SOD and isozymes activities and the rate of electrolytic leakage under cold stress. [Method] Nutrient solution containing low concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ were used for cultivating the grafted cucumber seedlings for the cold treatment. [Result] The results indicated that reducing the concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution had declined the SOD activities in grafted cucumber leaves and increased the rates of electrolytic leakage. Mn2＋ had shown the maximum influences, followed by Cu2＋, and Zn2＋ had shown the minimum influences. [Conclusion] Cold resistance of cucumber can be improved by changing the contents of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution.

Recent developments in the use of single-atom catalysts for water splitting

Electrochemical water splitting is regarded as the most promising approach to produce hydrogen.However,the sluggish electrochemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode,namely,the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),respectively,consume a tremendous amount of energy,seriously hampering its wide application.Recently,single-atom catalysts(SACs)have been proposed to effectively enhance the kinetics of these two reactions.In this minireview,we focus on the recent progress in SACs for OER and HER applications.Three classes of SACs have been reviewed,i.e.,alloy-based SACs,carbon-based SACs and SACs supported on other compounds.Different factors affecting the activities of SACs are also highlighted,including the inherent element property,the coordination environment,the geometric structure and the loading amount of metal atoms.Finally,we summarize the current problems and directions for future development in SACs.

Instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation and Its Exact Solution

We present an approach to solve Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equations exactly withoutany approximation if the kernel of the BS equations exactly is instantaneous, and take positroniumas an example to illustrate the general features of the exact solutions. The key step for theapproach is from the BS equations to derive a set of coupled and well-determined integrationequations in linear eigenvalue for the components of the BS wave functions equivalently, which maybe solvable numerically under a controlled accuracy, even though there is no analytic solution. Forpositronium, the exact solutions precisely present corrections to those of the correspondingSchrodinger equation in order υ~1 (υ is the relative velocity) for eigenfunctions, in order υ~2for eigenvalues, and the mixing between S and D components in J~(PC) = 1~(--) states etc.,quantitatively. Moreover, we also point out that there is a questionable step in some existentderivations for the instantaneous BS equations if one is pursuing the exact solutions. Finally, weemphasize that one should take the O(υ) corrections emerging in the exact solutions into accountaccordingly if one is interested in the relativistic corrections for relevant problems to the boundstates.

IN VITRO STUDY ON CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF THE ORGANOPHO SPHOROUS PESTICIDE PROFENOFOS ON THE GILL CELL LINE, FG-9307, OF THE FLOUNDER (PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS)

The FG 9307 cell line derived from the gill of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was used in the present study to determine the acute cytotoxic effects of the organophosphorous pesticide, profenofos. It was found that the cell growth rate was markedly reduced by profenofos at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/L tested; and that the fine structures of the cells were also altered by profenofos, as evidenced by dilation of nuclear membranes and mitochondria cristae, and presence of enlarged lysosomes with engulfed organelles and numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Probably, mitochondria, the cell energy generating sites, are the most prominent sites of profenofos cytotoxity in the cells. This seems to be the first report of the use of marine fish cell line for evaluation of the acute in vitro cytotoxicity of organophosphorus pesticide.

Water-Resistant and Stretchable Conductive Ionic Hydrogel Fibers Reinforced by Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Conductive ionic hydrogels(CIH)have been widely studied for the development of stretchable electronic devices,such as sensors,electrodes,and actuators.Most of these CIH are made into 3D or 2D shape,while 1D CIH(hydrogel fibers)is often difficult to make because of the low mechanical robustness of common CIH.Herein,we use gel spinning method to prepare a robust CIH fiber with high strength,large stretchability,and good conductivity.The robust CIH fiber is drawn from the composite gel of sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC).In the composite CIH fiber,the soft PAAS presents good conductivity and stretchability,while the rigid CMC significantly enhances the strength and toughness of the PAAS/CMC fiber.To protect the conductive PAAS/CMC fiber from damage by water,a thin layer of hydrophobic polymethyl acrylate(PMA)or polybutyl acrylate(PBA)is coated on the PAAS/CMC fiber as a water-resistant and insulating cover.The obtained PAAS/CMC-PMA and PAAS/CMC-PBA CIH fibers present high tensile strength(up to 28 MPa),high tensile toughness(up to 43 MJ/m~3),and good electrical conductivity(up to 0.35 S/m),which are useful for textile-based stretchable electronic devices.

Reaction of erythromycin with dissolved oxygen on gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes

Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the reaction of erythromycin （EM） with dissolved oxygen on gold nanopartiele-modified electrodes prepared via electrodeposition. A well-defined reduction peak at -0.420 V and a reoxidation peak at -0.055 V were observed. With the addition of EM into the NaOH solution containing dissolved oxygen, the oxidation peak at -0.055 V was still indiscernible. However, a new oxidation peak at 0.200 V appeared, which suggests the interaction between EM and dissolved oxygen. Therefore, this method can be used for the analysis of EM in tablets. The present method is simple, reproducible, and does not require complex analytical instruments.

S-Scheme photocatalyst TaON/Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanofibers with oxygen vacancies for efficient abatement of antibiotics and Cr(VI):Intermediate eco-toxicity analysis and mechanistic insights

Enlightened by natural photosynthesis,developing efficient S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for deleterious pollutant removal is of prime importance to restore environment.Herein,novel TaON/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction nanofibers were designed and developed by in-situ growing Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanosheets with oxygen vacancies(OVs)on TaON nanofibers.Thanks to the efficiently spatial charge disassociation and preserved great redox power by the unique S-scheme mechanism and OVs,as well as firmly interfacial contact by the core-shell 1D/2D fibrous hetero-structure via the in-situ growth,the optimized TaON/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction unveils exceptional visible-light photocatalytic property for abatement of tetracycline(TC),levofloxacin(LEV),and Cr(Ⅵ),respectively by 2.8-fold,1.0-fold,and 1.9-fold enhancement compared to the bare Bi_(2)WO_(6),while maintaining satisfactory stability.Furthermore,the systematic photoreaction tests indicate Ta-ON/Bi_(2)WO_(6) has the high practicality in the elimination of pollutants in aquatic environment.The degradation pathway of tetracycline and intermediate eco-toxicity were determined based on HPLC–MS combined with QSAR calculation,and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was elucidated.This work provides a guideline for designing high-performance TaON-based S-scheme photocatalysts with defects for environment protection.

长途运输商品猪应当注意的几个问题

商品猪从一处运至另一处，需一个适应阶段，笔者谈一些长途运输商品猪应当注意的几点。 一、饲料 装车前4—6小时料槽内不得有饲料以便装车，但车启运前应配备一定量的精饲料，料中加一些电解多维素，以减少运输途中猪的应激反应。

Repeated-batch Cultivation of Encapsulated Monascus purpureus by Polyelectrolyte Complex for Natural Pigment Production

In general,productions of natural pigment in submerged microorganism culture were much less than that in solid-state fermentation,because the solid-state culture can provide a support carrier for the mycelium. To improve natural pigment production,the cultivation of Monascus purpureus in submerged encapsulated cell was investigated. Monascus purpureus immobilized in polyelectrolyte complex(PEC) microcapsules,which were pre-pared by sodium cellulose sulphate(NaCS) and poly-dimethyl-diallyl-ammonium chloride(PDMDAAC),was a good substitute for submerged cell culture because it mimicked the solid-state environment. The repeated-batch process with encapsulated cells was studied in flasks and a bubble column. The results indicated that the bubble column was more suitable for the encapsulation culture than the shaking flasks because of its good mass transfer performance and minor shear stress on cells. Owing to the protection of the microcapsule's membrane,Monascus purpureus in microcapsules increased approximately three times over that in free cell culture with negligible cell leakage to the medium. The pigment production in the bubble column finally reached 3.82(OD500) ,which was two times higher than in free cell culture. In addition,the duration of each batch was shortened to 15% of that in free cell culture.

The combined effects of lysozyme and ascorbic acid on microstructure and properties of zein-based films

Edible zein-based films containing lysozyme(LY) and ascorbic acid(AA) were developed in the presence of polyethylene glycol 400(PEG 400), the combined effects of LY and AA on the microstructure, mechanical properties and release properties of developed zein films were investigated in detail. The results of microstructure characterization indicated that zein-based films became compact and smooth, and LY aggregates were well distributed in the zein matrix because of the simultaneous addition of LY and AA. The results of mechanical tests showed that because of the synergistic effects of LY and AA on zein film, elongation at break of zein-based film could be up to 138%, which was 34.5 times higher than that of zein control film. LY release tests showed that when the concentration of AA was less than 3.1 mg·cm^(-2), the release rate of LY significantly decreased by 33.7%, and the total release increased by 80.6%. While the release profiles of AA showed that the release rate and total release of AA from the films containing LY increased by approximately 68.9% and 61.7% than the films without LY. Good antioxidant and sustained antimicrobial activities were found for the developed zein films.

Electronic-Positron （Pairino＇s） Structure of Nuclear Substance （Matter）

Decrease or enlargement of the number of pairinos in nuclei and as free nucleons, pairinos, electrinos, positpinos is a factor of destabilization in the matter and or environment. For the benefit of a electronic-positron structure the representations about an annihilation of the electronic-positron pairs, formation in substance electronic-positron of pairs under activity action of a gamma radiation, electronic and positron character of a beta radiation in nuclei are worked. Terminology： positrino, electrino, pairino. The new mechanism of a physical phenomenon, well explored to the present moment, with the conventional interpretation - mechanism of an annihilation of a free positron on electrons of substance is offered. That is the conventional point of view is those, that during annihilation the electron bums down, disappears or is transmuted into a gamma-quantum. In opinion of the author any facts or the proofs of such interpretation do not exist. The following mechanism therefore is offered： an electron and positron at coming together are discharged by two gamma-quantum and form pairino （unloaded electron - positron state with gravitational mass ＂m＂ about 2 eV, with compensation by electric charge, about an electrino by positrino interaction）; that is the mechanism ＂cold＂ （low, is less than 10 KeV, energies） synthesis of pairino. The given mechanism of phenomenon of annihilation is more realistic.

COMPARISON OF CELLULOSE ACETATE POLYMER AND ELECTROLYTIC DETACHABLE COILS FOR TREATMENT OF CANINE ANEURYSMAL MODELS

Electrolytic detachable coils (EDC) have been the main embolic materi als for intracranial aneurysms. Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose acetate polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, t he embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of canine aneurysmal models with EDC or CAP were observed and compared. Methods. The canine aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of venous pouch es were randomly grouped. The aneurysms were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow ups were performed at 24 hour, 2 week , and 2 month after embolization. The occluded aneurysms were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. Results. The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP . Post embolized complications such as aneurysm rupture and stenosis of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathol ogical research showed that CAP mass could packed the aneurysms more densely tha n coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltra tion was prominently found in early stage after CAP embolization. Organization of thrombus inside aneurysms and formation of endothelial tissue over the orific es of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization . But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. Conclusions. EDC are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize aneurysm. CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of stron g chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

An AIEE polyelectrolyte as a light-up fluorescent probe for heparin sensing in full detection range

Polyelectrolyte PTPEPyH, containing tetraphenylethene (TPE) and pyridinium, was synthesized. Its optical properties were investigated with spectroscopies and the results showed that there were two emission-enhanced stages in the interaction between positive-charged PTPEPyH and negative-charged biomacromolecule heparin. The mechanism was very different due to the reduced non-radiative energy loss and the change of surroundings. The polyelectrolyte PTPEPyH, compared with ChS and HA, also showed high selectivity for heparin in the buffer solution and could be used as a potential bio-probe for heparin quantification in the clinical full range.

Conjugated polyelectrolytes for label-free visual detection of heparin

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs),with electron-delocalized backbones and charged ionic side chains,are unique sensory materials for the construction of optical biosensors.In this feature article,CPE-based visual detection of heparin is summarized.Three CPE-based heparin probes,including ratiometric,light-up and colormetric probes,are discussed in terms of molecular design,detection selectivity and quantification capability.The work summarized here provides fundamental guidelines for CPE-based label-free visual sensing.