建筑铝型材电解着仿钛金色的应用

介绍了工艺条件对电解着仿钛金色铝型材封孔质量、色泽和耐蚀性的影响。对获得极好着色质量的途径进行了探讨。

铝合金中Cu对阳极氧化电解着色的影响

研究了Al-Cu 合金中Cu 含量对氧化膜厚度、耐蚀性、颜色的影响及 Cu 在阳极氧化时的行为、着色沉积物的存在状态。研究结果表明:随着Cu 元素含量的增加,氧化膜厚度变薄,耐蚀性下降。Cu 在阳极氧化时氧化和溶解速度远快于基体铝,在氧化膜微孔里的沉积物是呈非晶态存在的。

利用液相色谱电解质效应结合脉冲梯度色谱技术提高药代筛选中生物样品液-质联用分析的速率

Drug discovery calls for faster method development and high-throughput analysis in supporting drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, whereas the rapid, sensitive, and accurate analysis of biological samples remains a significant challenge. For analysis of complex biomatrices (e.g. plasma), liquid chromatography (LC) interfaced to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been hampered by adverse matrix effects. For rapid assay development, it would be beneficial to improve the time-consuming method comparison and optimization steps by using generic procedures that work for a variety of compounds. However, injudiciously combining the generic procedures including protein precipitation for sample clean-up and electrospray ionization (ESI) for detection, as well as using conventional short-time isocratic or gradient LC, yield fast assay development, but often at the cost of decreased assay accuracy and increased risk of assay failure. We previously reported that the use of a mobile phase containing an extremely low concentration of ammonium formate (HCOONH4) or formic acid (HCOOH) increased analyte ESI response and controlled against matrix effects. We designated these favorable effects ‘LC-electrolyte effects’. These favorable effects can be achieved in either the positive or the negative ion ESI mode, but not for atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The magnitude of the LC-electrolyte effect on the analyte response depends on both the concentration of the electrolyte modifier added into the mobile phase and its identity, which is also analyte-dependent. In addition, LC is often optimized with more emphasis on improving the analytical sensitivity by concentrating the analyte on the LC column leading to a narrow and symmetric band and achieving sufficient separation between analytes and polar matrix components to avoid adverse ion suppression or enhancement of MS-MS detection. For these reasons, we proposed the so-called ‘pulse gradient system’ for conventional HPLC-based MS-MS analyses of complex biological samples, which is generic and makes method development straightforward. In order to support rapid PK studies for drug discovery, we applied the LC-electrolyte effects and the pulse gradient chromatography to the development of generic procedures that can be used to quickly generate reliable PK data for compound candidates. We herein demonstrate our approach using four model tested compounds (Compd-A,-B,-C, and-D). The analytical methods involve generic protein precipitation for sample clean-up, followed by application of fast LC gradients and the subsequent use of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for individual measurement of the tested compounds in 20 μL plasma samples. Good linearity over the concentration range of 1.6 or 8-25 000 ng/mL (r2>0.99), precision (RSD, 0.45%-13.10%), and accuracy (91%-112%) were achieved through the use of a low dose of formic acid (0.4 mmol/L or 0.015‰) in the methanol/water-based LC mobile phase. The analytical method was quite sensitive, providing a lower limit of quantification of 1.6 pg on-column except for Compd-C (8 pg), and showed negligible ion suppression caused by matrix components. Finally, the assay suitability was demonstrated in simulated discovery PK studies of the tested compounds with i.v./p.o. dosing to rats. This new assay approach has been adopted with good results in our laboratory for many recent discovery PK studies.

铝合金换向电流法氧化发色工艺的研究

采用周期换向电流法对含铜较高的铝合金进行电解氧化发色。分别对温度与氧化电流密度等影响氧化膜生长速度与质量的工艺条件做了分析研究 ,取得了实用的工艺操作规程。研究结果表明 :应用周期换向电流法可以在硫酸溶液中对较难氧化着色的铝铜合金进行氧化发色 ,得到黄 -黄绿 -绿 -黑绿 -黑系列颜色的氧化膜。

铝铜合金换向电流法氧化发色工艺

采用周期换向电流法对含铜较高的铝合金进行电解氧化发色．分别对温度与电流密度等影响氧化膜生长速度与质量的工艺条件进行了分析研究，取得了实用的工艺操作规程。研究结果表明：应用周期换向电流法可以在硫酸溶液中对较难氧化着色的铝铜合金进行氧化发色，得到黄-黄绿-绿-黑绿-黑系列颜色的氧化膜．

Experimental study on micro-electrolysis technology for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.

Technology of black coloring for stainless steel by electrochemical method

The technology of black coloring for stainless steel by electrochemical method was studied. The optimum bath compositions and operating conditions were obtained as follows: 4050g/L K2Cr2O7 , 1520g/L MnSO4, 1520g/L （NH4）2SO4, 2040g/L H3BO3, 2030 g/L additive A, 2 g/L （NH4）6Mo7O 24 ; time 920 min; temperature 1530℃; potential 3V and current density 12mA/cm 2 . The effects of the compositions of the bath on the quality of black colored film were discussed. The influences of passivation process on the black coloring velocity and performances of black colored film layer were investigated. The results show that the passivation process can improve the corrosion resistance and the stability to bear color-change; （NH4）2SO4 can control the black coloring velocity and prolong black coloring bath life remarkably; and additive A can improve the evenness and compactness of black colored film layer. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectra show that the microstructure is of cylindrical lump, the filling process can decrease the crackles, and the main elements of black colored film are Fe, Cr, Mn and Ni.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation for the Effect of Chain Length of Spacer and Tail of Cationic Gemini Surfactant on the Complex with Anionic Polyelectrolyte

Interaction of anionic polyelectrolyte with cationic gemini surfactant has been investigated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation.Polyelectrolyte facilitates the oppositely charged ionic surfactants to aggregate by suppressing the electrostatic repulsion between ionic head groups leading to the formation of micellar complex.With addition of surfactant,the conformation of polyion chain changes from stretched to random coiled to spherical,and at the same time more free micelles are formed by surfactants in mixtures.Increasing the length of spacer or tail chain in gemini surfactant will weaken its interaction with polyelectrolyte and simultaneously strengthen its tendency to self-assemble.The simulation results are consistent with experimental observations and reveal that the electrostatic interaction plays an important role in the interaction of polyelectrolyte with gemini sur- factant.

Repeated-batch Cultivation of Encapsulated Monascus purpureus by Polyelectrolyte Complex for Natural Pigment Production

In general,productions of natural pigment in submerged microorganism culture were much less than that in solid-state fermentation,because the solid-state culture can provide a support carrier for the mycelium. To improve natural pigment production,the cultivation of Monascus purpureus in submerged encapsulated cell was investigated. Monascus purpureus immobilized in polyelectrolyte complex(PEC) microcapsules,which were pre-pared by sodium cellulose sulphate(NaCS) and poly-dimethyl-diallyl-ammonium chloride(PDMDAAC),was a good substitute for submerged cell culture because it mimicked the solid-state environment. The repeated-batch process with encapsulated cells was studied in flasks and a bubble column. The results indicated that the bubble column was more suitable for the encapsulation culture than the shaking flasks because of its good mass transfer performance and minor shear stress on cells. Owing to the protection of the microcapsule's membrane,Monascus purpureus in microcapsules increased approximately three times over that in free cell culture with negligible cell leakage to the medium. The pigment production in the bubble column finally reached 3.82(OD500) ,which was two times higher than in free cell culture. In addition,the duration of each batch was shortened to 15% of that in free cell culture.

Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of new green electrolyte 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate([BMIM]ClO4) was synthesized by two steps with N-methylimidazolium.Some physico-chemical properties,such as density,surface tension,viscosity,electrical conductivity as well as electrochemical window,were investigated and solvent performance was also studied.The results show that this kind of ionic liquid is an excellent electrolyte with low viscosity,high electrical conductivity and wide electrochemical window.In addition,[BMIM]ClO4 is soluble in most conventional solvents and some metal oxides have high solubility in it,which lays the foundation of direct electrolysis of metal oxides in this ionic liquid.

新技术与成果

铝及铝合金的电解发色方法铝及铝合金的电解发色方法,是一种将铝或铝合金经交流电电解发色成为灰色的铝材的方法,该方法是将铝或铝合金材料经脱脂、水洗;碱蚀(etching)、水洗;中和、水洗;阳极电解处理、水洗;电解发色、水洗及封孔处理过程而得到灰色铝材,该电解发色方法的特点是,在常温下。

Separation of Proteins by Electrophoretic Affinity Chromatography

A new kind of electrophoretic affinity chromatography (EAC) for bioseparation was proposed. Separation by EAC was conducted in a multicompartment electrolyzer in which the affinity gel media were packed in one of the central compartments. The presence of an electric field accelerated the migration of proteins inside the gel matrix during adsorption and desorption processes. This led to the increase of the overall speed of separation. The present study was focused on the effect of the strength of the electric field on adsorption and desorption processes.

Study of Dissolved Chlorofluorocarbons in Lake Washington

Measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), along with methyl chloroform (CH 3CCl 3) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) were made in water samples from Lake Washington, using Electron Capture-Gas Chromatography (EC-GC). The samples were collected in mid-autumn, a period when the lake’s upper layer undergoes rapid cooling. At the time of sampling, a strong vertical temperature gradient was present in the lake, with surface temperatures of ～14℃, and near bottom (50 meters) temperatures of ～8℃. The concentrations of dissolved CFC-12 and CFC-11 increased with depth, as expected from the higher solubilities of these gases at lower temperatures. Atmospheric measurements made at the sampling site at the time of the cruise, showed that CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations in the near surface samples were 100 % and 106%, respectively. For the deepest sample (52 meters) CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations were 102 % and 126 %. Because the surface layer of the lake responds to changes in atmospheric CFCs on a time scale of several weeks, the higher than equilibrium concentrations of CFC-12 observed at the time of sampling may reflect earlier episodes of elevated levels of atmospheric CFC-12 in this urban area. High concentrations of dissolved CFCs in runoff or industrial effluent might also lead to elevated CFC levels in the lake. The cold, deep water of Lake Washington is relatively isolated from the effects of surface gas exchange except during winter, and the supersaturations observed in the deep layer may reflect periods of elevated atmospheric CFC-12 levels from the previous winter season. These results were compared to summertime profiles of CFC-11 and CFC-12 made in 1994.

The Explicit Portrayal of Obscenity in American Television Series on The Grey＇s Anatomy

The portrayal of obscenity in television series is not a new issue in our society. It is a reasonable fact to be understood, that the exposure to such explicit content of obscenity is acceptable in Western culture but somehow or rather, the acceptance of obscenity among the Asian society is still taboo and this has geared parents to pay greater attention to what type of media content should be watched by their children. The researcher believes the audience could also educate themselves by watching such television series since Malaysia is lacking in sexual education. This research consists of qualitative content analysis. The researcher had included the obscene visuals and dialogues in order to justify the existence of such sexual portrayal on the Grey＇s Anatomy TV series. A theory was selected for this study--the application on selected variables from a previous research done by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation （Sex on TV4, 2005）. The researchers had found that such TV content could be a medium to promote safe sex messages since Malaysia lacks in sex education. The implication on theory was to distinguish the obscenity portrayal in TV series in shaping the audiences＇ acceptance.