In this study, a detailed evaluation was performed about the advancements in the renewable energy capacity （especially wind and solar energy） depending on progressive technological developments. Total energy consump...In this study, a detailed evaluation was performed about the advancements in the renewable energy capacity （especially wind and solar energy） depending on progressive technological developments. Total energy consumption as well as renewable energy production from natural sources is statistically evaluated in the basis of leading countries for the period of 2000-2010. The variation of energy mix, future trend of wind energy installations, cumulative capacities in daily wind and solar energy per person are worldwide investigated in this period.展开更多
A sample including 664 blazars （301 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and 363 BL Lacs） with ）γ-ray data in both 1FGL and 2FGL catalogues were selected. The average values of both y-photon average energy and the photon s...A sample including 664 blazars （301 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and 363 BL Lacs） with ）γ-ray data in both 1FGL and 2FGL catalogues were selected. The average values of both y-photon average energy and the photon spectral index for FSRQs, LBLs, IBLs and HBLs, follow the blazars sequence, FSRQs → LBLs →IBLs → HBLs. The slopes of correlation between photon spectral index and ）,-ray luminosity for 4 the sub-classes of blazars also follow the blazars sequence. Also, there was close an- ti-correlations between the difference of two ）,-ray photon spectral indices and the logarithm of the ratio of two y-ray luminosities from 2FGL and 1FGL catalogs. It implies that the spectrum becomes flat when the source becomes brighter in high energetic γ-ray band. Lastly, the Kolmogolov-Smirnov test （KS test） of the average γ-photon energy showed that HBLs differs from LBLs and FSRQs, while there was no clear difference between LBLs and FSRQs, which implied that the γ-ray emissions in LBLs and FSRQs may be a result of the same emission mechanism.展开更多
文摘In this study, a detailed evaluation was performed about the advancements in the renewable energy capacity （especially wind and solar energy） depending on progressive technological developments. Total energy consumption as well as renewable energy production from natural sources is statistically evaluated in the basis of leading countries for the period of 2000-2010. The variation of energy mix, future trend of wind energy installations, cumulative capacities in daily wind and solar energy per person are worldwide investigated in this period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10633010 and 11173009)the construct program of the key discipline in Hunan University of Arts and Sciencethe research fund of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Grant No.JJZD201101)
文摘A sample including 664 blazars （301 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and 363 BL Lacs） with ）γ-ray data in both 1FGL and 2FGL catalogues were selected. The average values of both y-photon average energy and the photon spectral index for FSRQs, LBLs, IBLs and HBLs, follow the blazars sequence, FSRQs → LBLs →IBLs → HBLs. The slopes of correlation between photon spectral index and ）,-ray luminosity for 4 the sub-classes of blazars also follow the blazars sequence. Also, there was close an- ti-correlations between the difference of two ）,-ray photon spectral indices and the logarithm of the ratio of two y-ray luminosities from 2FGL and 1FGL catalogs. It implies that the spectrum becomes flat when the source becomes brighter in high energetic γ-ray band. Lastly, the Kolmogolov-Smirnov test （KS test） of the average γ-photon energy showed that HBLs differs from LBLs and FSRQs, while there was no clear difference between LBLs and FSRQs, which implied that the γ-ray emissions in LBLs and FSRQs may be a result of the same emission mechanism.
