Energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low elect...Energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low electricity cost and sustainability. Various situations and factors influence the adoption of the flexibility solutions, such as flexible electricity generation, demand-response, and electricity storage. This paper tries to analyze the current energy flexibility solutions and the factors that can influence the energy flexibility adoption. This paper takes Philippines as case study to provide an overview of the current condition of the Philippines＇ power system and discuss the energy flexibility in the Philippines＇ power system. A further discussion and recommendation is conducted in the end of the paper.展开更多
This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were...This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze research questions that bother on urban liveability. Results of the analyses show that in the two urban centres the following are not in very good condition： neighborhood road quality, garbage collection, state of cleanliness, street light, state of security, pollution, water supply, drainage system, and power supply. Most of the residents are not satisfied with the state of liveability in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo towns. Statistical test result shows among others that there is no significant variation in the level of urban dwellers＇ satisfaction with their neighbourhood condition. In order to improve urban liveability in the two urban centres, government should provide all necessary infrastructural facilities and services. While roads are to be improved and maintained, electricity and water supply should be provided. Community associations should also be encouraged. They should be more involved in activities that will improve liveability in the urban centre. They should constitute themselves as pressure groups, working on the government to improve the liveability of the urban centre.展开更多
Botswana currently depends on electricity generated from coal-based power plant or electricity supplied from the border in South Africa. The country has good reserves of coal and the solar radiation is sufficiently hi...Botswana currently depends on electricity generated from coal-based power plant or electricity supplied from the border in South Africa. The country has good reserves of coal and the solar radiation is sufficiently high to make solar thermal attractive for generating electricity. The paper presents two conceptual coal-fired power station designs in which a solar sub-system augments heat to the feed heaters or to the boiler. The thermal and economic analyses showed enhanced system performance which indicates that solar power could be embedded into existing fossil fuel plants or new power stations. Integrating solar energy with existing or new fossil fuel based power plants could reduce the cost of stand-alone solar thermal power stations, reduce CO2 emissions and produce experience necessary to operate a full scale solar thermal electricity generation facility.展开更多
The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption bu...The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.展开更多
In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the con...In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the construction of the high performance computer （HPC） system, the plasma configuration real-time reconstruction with EFIT code, the immigration of plasma simulation codes, the improvement of the poloidal field control system with circulating current, the design of the new data acquiring device with higher anti-disturbing power, the new software on soft X-ray spectrum measurement providing the multi-channel Te evolution, the upgrade to the HL-2A data storage system and experimental net. On the other hand, according to the arrangement of HL-2A modification project, a series of designs such as new plasma configuration, poloidal field coils distribution and plasma shape and position control system are on the processing.展开更多
The main objective of this paper is to show an overview analysis of market power issues.Market power reflects the scarcity of power supply.It is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain price...The main objective of this paper is to show an overview analysis of market power issues.Market power reflects the scarcity of power supply.It is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain prices profitably above competitive levels for a significant period of time.Because the electric power system has its own characteristics that are different to other economic systems,both physical factors and economic factors of power system are key elements on this definition.We study some cases here,including different line limit levels,load levels and bid strategy through a market model based on OPF (optimal power flow) with a decommitment algorithm.展开更多
This paper evaluates new technologies for energy harvesting from the environment. We assess the reliability, accuracy, and autonomy of low power electronic devices, their market opportunities, and their ability to enh...This paper evaluates new technologies for energy harvesting from the environment. We assess the reliability, accuracy, and autonomy of low power electronic devices, their market opportunities, and their ability to enhance sustainable development. For small, portable applications that need long lifetime energy supply systems, size, width, finite energy lifetime, and the need for replacement are important drawbacks. New supply alternatives should be explored that are able to make recharging easier or to remove battery dependence altogether. A new trend in the energy sources for low power applications has emerged in recent years, involving the harvesting of the energy available in the environment to supply power for electronic applications instead of using battery technologies that provide only short, finite amounts of energy. In this paper, we describe an all-purpose module of energy harvesting from mechanical, thermal, solar and RF energy sources developed at the University of Barcelona. We provide proof of concept in order to incorporate this novel energy technology in a wide range of applications and environments.展开更多
As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supp...As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supplying. Vibration energy exists widely in daily environment. Micro vibration power generator can harvest and exchange the vibration energy to the electrical energy. Micro electret power generator is one kind of the power generators for harvesting vibration energy and has been paid much attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and status of micro electret power generators, including electret materials and charging methods, vibration energy harvesting structures and conversion efficiency improvement.展开更多
文摘Energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low electricity cost and sustainability. Various situations and factors influence the adoption of the flexibility solutions, such as flexible electricity generation, demand-response, and electricity storage. This paper tries to analyze the current energy flexibility solutions and the factors that can influence the energy flexibility adoption. This paper takes Philippines as case study to provide an overview of the current condition of the Philippines＇ power system and discuss the energy flexibility in the Philippines＇ power system. A further discussion and recommendation is conducted in the end of the paper.
文摘This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze research questions that bother on urban liveability. Results of the analyses show that in the two urban centres the following are not in very good condition： neighborhood road quality, garbage collection, state of cleanliness, street light, state of security, pollution, water supply, drainage system, and power supply. Most of the residents are not satisfied with the state of liveability in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo towns. Statistical test result shows among others that there is no significant variation in the level of urban dwellers＇ satisfaction with their neighbourhood condition. In order to improve urban liveability in the two urban centres, government should provide all necessary infrastructural facilities and services. While roads are to be improved and maintained, electricity and water supply should be provided. Community associations should also be encouraged. They should be more involved in activities that will improve liveability in the urban centre. They should constitute themselves as pressure groups, working on the government to improve the liveability of the urban centre.
文摘Botswana currently depends on electricity generated from coal-based power plant or electricity supplied from the border in South Africa. The country has good reserves of coal and the solar radiation is sufficiently high to make solar thermal attractive for generating electricity. The paper presents two conceptual coal-fired power station designs in which a solar sub-system augments heat to the feed heaters or to the boiler. The thermal and economic analyses showed enhanced system performance which indicates that solar power could be embedded into existing fossil fuel plants or new power stations. Integrating solar energy with existing or new fossil fuel based power plants could reduce the cost of stand-alone solar thermal power stations, reduce CO2 emissions and produce experience necessary to operate a full scale solar thermal electricity generation facility.
文摘The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.
文摘In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the construction of the high performance computer （HPC） system, the plasma configuration real-time reconstruction with EFIT code, the immigration of plasma simulation codes, the improvement of the poloidal field control system with circulating current, the design of the new data acquiring device with higher anti-disturbing power, the new software on soft X-ray spectrum measurement providing the multi-channel Te evolution, the upgrade to the HL-2A data storage system and experimental net. On the other hand, according to the arrangement of HL-2A modification project, a series of designs such as new plasma configuration, poloidal field coils distribution and plasma shape and position control system are on the processing.
基金This paper supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50079006).
文摘The main objective of this paper is to show an overview analysis of market power issues.Market power reflects the scarcity of power supply.It is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain prices profitably above competitive levels for a significant period of time.Because the electric power system has its own characteristics that are different to other economic systems,both physical factors and economic factors of power system are key elements on this definition.We study some cases here,including different line limit levels,load levels and bid strategy through a market model based on OPF (optimal power flow) with a decommitment algorithm.
文摘This paper evaluates new technologies for energy harvesting from the environment. We assess the reliability, accuracy, and autonomy of low power electronic devices, their market opportunities, and their ability to enhance sustainable development. For small, portable applications that need long lifetime energy supply systems, size, width, finite energy lifetime, and the need for replacement are important drawbacks. New supply alternatives should be explored that are able to make recharging easier or to remove battery dependence altogether. A new trend in the energy sources for low power applications has emerged in recent years, involving the harvesting of the energy available in the environment to supply power for electronic applications instead of using battery technologies that provide only short, finite amounts of energy. In this paper, we describe an all-purpose module of energy harvesting from mechanical, thermal, solar and RF energy sources developed at the University of Barcelona. We provide proof of concept in order to incorporate this novel energy technology in a wide range of applications and environments.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2009CB320300)
文摘As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supplying. Vibration energy exists widely in daily environment. Micro vibration power generator can harvest and exchange the vibration energy to the electrical energy. Micro electret power generator is one kind of the power generators for harvesting vibration energy and has been paid much attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and status of micro electret power generators, including electret materials and charging methods, vibration energy harvesting structures and conversion efficiency improvement.
