男性精神分裂症患者家庭教养方式与其患病相关性研究

目的探讨家庭教养方式与男性精神分裂症患者患病的相关性。方法采用父母教养方式评价量表对86例精神分裂症患者(观察组)进行评定,并与86例健康受试者(对照组)进行比较。结果观察组男性精神分裂症患者其父母双方的惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认2项因子分明显高于对照组,观察组父亲的过分干涉、母亲的偏爱被试因子分也明显高于对照组,而父母双方的情感温暖、理解因子分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论男性精神分裂症患者父母教养方式存在多方面问题,对问题家庭早期干预,以减少精神分裂症发生率。

右归胶囊治疗精液异常不育症的临床疗效

目的探讨右归胶囊治疗精液异常不育症的临床疗效。方法选取2014年1月—2015年5月于中国人民解放军第三〇三医院收治的精液异常不育症患者124例,根据患者治疗方式不同分为对照组与观察组,各62例。对照组予以左卡尼汀口服液治疗,观察组予以右归胶囊治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月,比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后精液质量指标、内分泌激素指标[睾酮(T)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_2)及泌乳素(PRL)]及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者精液量、精子浓度、精子总活力、精子活动率、精子畸形率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者精液量、精子浓度、精子活动率、精子总活力高于对照组,精子畸形率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者FSH、E_2、LH、PRL、T水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者T、LH水平高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者FSH、E_2、PRL水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者用药后均无严重不良反应发生。结论右归胶囊治疗精液异常男性不育症的临床疗效确切,可改善患者精液质量,促使患者生育功能恢复,安全性高。

Androgen deficiency in elderly men with systolic chronic heart failure

Objective Several previous studies have shown androgens deficiency in men with CHF, and 2 studies on the prognostic significance of serum levels of androgens in CHF patients have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum concentration of testosterone and mortality in men with systolic CHE Methods A total of 175 elderly （age ≥ 60 years） men with CHF were recruited. Total testosterone fiT） and sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG） were measured, and free serum testosterone （eFT） was calculated. The median follow-up time was 1262 days. Results During follow-up 54 （30.9%） patients died. TT and eFF deficiency was found in 21.7% （38/175） and 27.4% （48/175） patients, respectively. Both TT and eFT were inversely associated with LVEF and NT-proBNP （all P〈0.01）. Kaplan-Meier curves for patients in low, medium and high tertiles according to TF and eFT level showed significantly different cumulative survival rate （both P〈0.01 by log-rank test）. However, after adjustment for clinical variables, there were no significant associations between either Tr or eFT levels or survival time （OR=0.97, 95% CI, 0.84-1.12, P--0.28; and OR=0.92, 95% CI, 0.82-1.06,/＇=0.14, respectively）. Conclusion Our study showed that although levels of TT and eFT are commonly decreased in elderly patients with systolic CHF and related to disease severity, they are not independent predictors for mortality

Andropause and the development of cardiovascular disease presentationmore than an epi-phenomenon

Andropause refers to a generalized decline of male hormones, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged and aging men. This decline in hormones has been associated with changes such as depression, loss of libido, sexual dysfunction, and changes in body composition. Aging has been associated with an abundance of concomitant diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, and although andropause is correlated to aging, a causal relationship between reduction of androgens and the development of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure has not been convincingly established yet. On the other hand, increasing data has emerged that revealed the effects of low levels of androgens on cardiovascular disease progression. As an example, low levels of testosterone have been linked to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. Whether hormone replacement therapy that is used for andropausal men to alleviate symptoms of ＂male menopause＂ can halt progression of cardiovascular disease, remains controversially discussed, primarily due to the lack of well-designed, randomized controlled trials. At least for symptom improvement, the use of androgen replacement therapy in andropausal men may be clinically indicated, and with the appropriate supervision and follow up may prove to be beneficial with regard to preservation of the integrity of cardiovascular health at higher ages.

Bcl-2 expression is a poor predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis of andropause-age patients

Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With the exception of estrogen-related tumors, androgen-related tumors have shown their characteristics in Bcl-2 expression. In this study, the status of Bcl-2 expression in male hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients was examined to verify the high incidence of HCC in males.Methods: Tumor tissue microarray was used to examine Bcl-2 expression levels in 374 HCC cases including 306 males and 68 females. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate the predictive value of Bcl-2 in HCC patients.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that male patients with higher Bcl-2 levels had significantly longer median survival time and recurrence time than those with lower levels. However, no significant differences in outcomes were found between different Bcl-2 levels in female patients. When the male patients were stratified into several age points, the level of Bcl-2expression showed poorer predictive efficiency in the 45–49 and 55–60 age groups in andropause-age patients compared with other age groups. Bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival(P < 0.0001) and recurrence time(P =0.0001) in male patients. After excluding male patients in the 45–60 age group, the predictive efficiency was enhanced(n = 147,OS, P = 0.0002, TTR, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Bcl-2 expression is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence in male HCC. Bcl-2 levels may also be regulated by androgens or androgen receptors in male HCC patients. Bcl-2 levels change and exhibit poor predictive efficiency when androgen levels vary dramatically(andropause age).

乙型肝炎病毒感染对精液参数和精子相关功能的影响

目的探讨HBV感染对精液参数、精子DNA损伤、顶体酶活性和核蛋白组型转换的影响。方法2011年1月至2012年10月在温州医科大学附属第一医院生殖医学中心就诊，接受试管受精技术的527份精液标本，273例HBsAg阳性和254例HBsAg阴性者同时进行精液参数、精子DNA碎片指数（DFI）、顶体酶活性和精子核蛋白组转换分析。各组均数比较采用t检验或近似t检验。结果两组精液各参数指标虽然都在正常范围内，但HBsAg阳性组的精子浓度和快速前向运动精子（a级）、慢速前向运动精子（b级）率均显著低于阴性组（P=0．000），而静止精子（d级）率却显著高于阴性组（P=0．000）。HBsAg阳性组精子DFI为（17．85±0．70）％，阴性组为（11．85土0．50）％，两组间比较差异有统计学意义（t=6．951，P=0．000）。虽然正常形态精子比率都在正常范围内，但HBsAg阳性组的正常精子数、颈部和尾部精子畸形率均高于阴性组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈O．05）。HBsAg阳性组精子的顶体酶活性较阴性组降低，差异有统计学意义（t=3．756，P=0．000）。血清HBsAg水平与精子浓度呈负相关（r=-0．140，P=0．021），与DFI呈正相关（r=0．151，P=0．014）。结论HBV感染不仅对精液的常规参数和精子形态会造成不同程度的影响，对精子DFI和顶体酶活性等功能指标也造成损伤。乙型肝炎抗病毒药物是否对精子质量及男性生育力有影响，有待进一步研究。

A novel male-specific SET domain-containing gene setdm identified from extra microchromosomes of gibel carp males

Various genes have been screened on extra chromosomes, but their molecular characterization, expression pattern and biological function are still unclear. Here, we utilized a male-specific sequence of polyploid gibel carp （Carassius gibelio） to identify a novel male-specific SET （Su（var）3-9, Enhancer- of-zeste, Trithorax） domain-containing gene setdm on extra microchromosomes of gibel carp males. And setdm was characterized in molecule and expression aspects, in which its expression was specific to testis, and had relative high transcription during middle/late stages of testis development. Moreover, prominent expression of Setdm in spermatogenic cells was observed in testis through immunofluorescence co-localization analysis. These results suggest that biological function of setdrn might be related to testis development and spermatogenesis of gibel carp. Additionally, the homeologous gene setdmf of setdm, was also characterized, and its expression was gonad-specific, in which its expressed product was detected to mainly distribute in gametogenic cells of testis and ovary, and to have dynamic expression pattern similar to that of setdm. Based on the current results, we propose that the novel male-specific setdm on extra microchromosomes might be functional divergence gene of the gonad-specific setdmf. Therefore, these findings will help us to further understand evolutionary fate and functional role of genes on extra microchromosomes.

The effect of mate removal on dawn singing behaviour in male pied bush chats

To determine the influence of pairing status on dawn singing behaviour in pied bush chats Saxicola caprata, we conducted mate removal experiments across eight territories. The experiment was divided into three stages： pre-removal （pairs were present on their respective territories）, removal （females were experimentally removed）, and returned （females were released into the focal pairs＇ territories）. Dawn bout length, song rate, song complexity, percentage performance time, song perch height, and distance of singing location to territory boundary were measured for each male during each experimental stage. We did not find an effect of mate removal on any dawn song characteristics of male pied bush chats suggesting that the presence or absence of a mate does not influence male dawn singing behaviour. Our findings further suggest that males use dawn chorus to mediate social relationships with neighbouring males to proclaim an established territory

Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer （Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758）

Polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. Here, we monitored individually marked male reindeer Rangifer tarandus and classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct （i.e. percentage of body mass lost） and indirect measures （i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking）, while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating ef- fort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 802-810, 2015].