Virtual reality (VR) is the use of advanced technologies, including computers and various multimedia peripherals (such as haptic), to produce a simulated environment that users perceive as comparable to real world obj...Virtual reality (VR) is the use of advanced technologies, including computers and various multimedia peripherals (such as haptic), to produce a simulated environment that users perceive as comparable to real world objects and events. With the aid of specially designed transducers and sensors, users interact with displayed images, moving and manipulating virtual objects, and performing other actions in a way that engenders a feeling of actual presence (immersion) in the simulated environment. Haptic interfaces provide carefully controlled force feedback to the fingers of the user so that they feel as though they are touching objects in the virtual landscape. This article presented an overview to the concepts of VR focusing on haptics in a variety of interfaces and applications.展开更多
This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the ...This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the storage can export heat form the refrigerant outcoming the gas cooler/condenser whereas during the nightly hours it can be maintained cooled by this latter before its incoming into the evaporator. Besides, the storage can be used for reducing the energy peak consumption, permitting to size the plant on a lower energy target, and it can influence the choice of the optimisation logic of the plant controller, in this work a model for a MT CO2 transcritical/subcritical cycle, able to manage the transient due to the changes of loads and external conditions, is proposed to take into account the evolution with time in a fixed time step. A parametrical analysis has been conduced for understanding the optimal design of the plant. A seasonal analysis is considered too, for understanding the cold storage benefits in different periods of year.展开更多
In this work, photovoltaic properties of the PBDB-T:ITIC based-NF-PSCs were fully optimized and characterized by tuning the morphology of the active layers and changing the device architecture. First, donor/acceptor(D...In this work, photovoltaic properties of the PBDB-T:ITIC based-NF-PSCs were fully optimized and characterized by tuning the morphology of the active layers and changing the device architecture. First, donor/acceptor(D/A) weight ratios were scanned,and then further optimization was performed by using different additives, i.e. 1,8-diiodooctane(DIO), diphenyl ether(DPE),1-chloronaphthalene(CN) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), on the basis of best D/A ratio(1:1, w/w), respectively. Finally,the conventional or inverted device architectures with different buffer layers were employed to fabricate NF-PSC devices, and meanwhile, the morphology of the active layers was further optimized by controlling annealing temperature and time. As a result,a record efficiency of 11.3% was achieved, which is the highest result for NF-PSCs. It's also remarkable that the inverted NF-PSCs exhibited long-term stability, i.e. the best-performing devices maintain 83% of their initial PCEs after over 4000 h storage.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince(No.60 2 0 2
文摘Virtual reality (VR) is the use of advanced technologies, including computers and various multimedia peripherals (such as haptic), to produce a simulated environment that users perceive as comparable to real world objects and events. With the aid of specially designed transducers and sensors, users interact with displayed images, moving and manipulating virtual objects, and performing other actions in a way that engenders a feeling of actual presence (immersion) in the simulated environment. Haptic interfaces provide carefully controlled force feedback to the fingers of the user so that they feel as though they are touching objects in the virtual landscape. This article presented an overview to the concepts of VR focusing on haptics in a variety of interfaces and applications.
文摘This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the storage can export heat form the refrigerant outcoming the gas cooler/condenser whereas during the nightly hours it can be maintained cooled by this latter before its incoming into the evaporator. Besides, the storage can be used for reducing the energy peak consumption, permitting to size the plant on a lower energy target, and it can influence the choice of the optimisation logic of the plant controller, in this work a model for a MT CO2 transcritical/subcritical cycle, able to manage the transient due to the changes of loads and external conditions, is proposed to take into account the evolution with time in a fixed time step. A parametrical analysis has been conduced for understanding the optimal design of the plant. A seasonal analysis is considered too, for understanding the cold storage benefits in different periods of year.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(2014CB643501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91333204,21325419)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB12030200)
文摘In this work, photovoltaic properties of the PBDB-T:ITIC based-NF-PSCs were fully optimized and characterized by tuning the morphology of the active layers and changing the device architecture. First, donor/acceptor(D/A) weight ratios were scanned,and then further optimization was performed by using different additives, i.e. 1,8-diiodooctane(DIO), diphenyl ether(DPE),1-chloronaphthalene(CN) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), on the basis of best D/A ratio(1:1, w/w), respectively. Finally,the conventional or inverted device architectures with different buffer layers were employed to fabricate NF-PSC devices, and meanwhile, the morphology of the active layers was further optimized by controlling annealing temperature and time. As a result,a record efficiency of 11.3% was achieved, which is the highest result for NF-PSCs. It's also remarkable that the inverted NF-PSCs exhibited long-term stability, i.e. the best-performing devices maintain 83% of their initial PCEs after over 4000 h storage.
