门槽结构受剪破坏界限条件试验研究

通过8个缩尺门槽试件的静力试验,研究门槽结构下游墩墙长度及颈部墩墙宽度对结构破坏模式的影响以及结构斜截面受剪承载力设计方法。试验结果表明,随着试件下游墩墙长度的减小及颈部墩墙宽度的增大,门槽结构的破坏模式由颈部墩墙受拉破坏最终过渡为下游墩墙受剪破坏;比较计算钢筋用量与实际钢筋用量,验证了应力图形配筋法应用于颈部墩墙的可靠性。根据试验和有限元计算结果给出了下游墩墙不需进行斜截面受剪承载力设计的界限条件,为DL/T5057—2009规范修编提供参考。

论构建刑事被害人国家救助制度的条件

社会转型期各类社会主体之间的利益格局正经历着重大调整,深层次的社会矛盾逐渐凸显,引发了社会结构错动、社会矛盾增多、社会秩序失范以及社会利益冲突等诸多不稳定、不协调因素,这就需要通过司法手段加以整合与解决。面对我国刑事被害人国家救助制度的缺失与现状,不仅要着眼于社会稳定,还要着眼于促进社会和谐,以科学发展观为指导,找准构建社会和谐提供司法保障的出发点、切入点、着力点和立足点。

Two-dimensional frequency-domain acoustic fullwaveform inversion with rugged topography

We studied finite-element-method-based two-dimensional frequency-domain acoustic FWI under rugged topography conditions. The exponential attenuation boundary condition suitable for rugged topography is proposed to solve the cutoff botmdary problem as well as to consider the requirement of using the same subdivision grid in joint multifrequency inversion. The proposed method introduces the attenuation factor, and by adjusting it, acoustic waves are sufficiently attenuated in the attenuation layer to minimize the cutoff boundary effect. Based on the law of exponential attenuation, expressions for computing the attenuation factor and the thickness of attenuation layers are derived for different frequencies. In multifrequency-domain FWI, the conjugate gradient method is used to solve equations in the Gauss-Newton algorithm and thus minimize the computation cost in calculating the Hessian matrix. In addition, the effect of initial model selection and frequency combination on FWI is analyzed. Examples using numerical simulations and FWI calculations are used to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.

Modeling Technology in Finite Element Analysis of Electrostatic Proximity Fuze Problem

In order to analyze the electrostatic field concerned with electrostatic proximity fuze problem using the available finite analysis software package, the technology to model the problem with a scale reduction object and boundary was presented. The boundary is determined by the maximum distance the sensor can detect. The object model is obtained by multiplying the terms in Poisson's equation with a scale reduction factor and the real value can be reconstructed with the same reverse process after software calculation. Using the finite element analysis program, the simulation value is close to the theoretical value with a little error. The boundary determination and scale reduction method is suitable to modeling the irregular electrostatic field around air targets, such as airplane, missile and so on, which is based on commonly used personal computer (PC). The technology reduces the calculation and storage cost greatly.

话语意义的推断

本文参照Ｇｒｉｃｅ、Ｓｅａｒｌ等人的有关理论，对英语中话语意义的推断问题作了集中探讨，指出：话语意义的理解要求人们具有运用信息和解决问题的能力，要求人们既要考虑语言因素也要考虑非语言因素。文章还详细阐述了话语意义的理解过程和推断条件与方法。

Application of the double absorbing boundary condition in seismic modeling

We apply the newly proposed double absorbing boundary condition（DABC）（Hagstrom et al., 2014） to solve the boundary reflection problem in seismic finite-difference（FD） modeling. In the DABC scheme, the local high-order absorbing boundary condition is used on two parallel artificial boundaries, and thus double absorption is achieved. Using the general 2D acoustic wave propagation equations as an example, we use the DABC in seismic FD modeling, and discuss the derivation and implementation steps in detail. Compared with the perfectly matched layer（PML）, the complexity decreases, and the stability and fl exibility improve. A homogeneous model and the SEG salt model are selected for numerical experiments. The results show that absorption using the DABC is considerably improved relative to the Clayton–Engquist boundary condition and nearly the same as that in the PML.

应以新眼光认识地理学

近年来由于我国社会主义建设的突飞猛进,对地理学提出了更高的新的要求,这种要求反过来也对地理学产生了促进作用;也由于全国地理学界的努力,今天的地理学比过去有了更快的发展。但它距离国际上的现有水平及对满足当前国家建设的需要都还有差距,它不但在理论上、方法上还不足,就是在解决生产建设的实际问题上(即把地理学作为应用基础科学),也未能在应用方面显示出它的基础理论作用。但是,国家的许多生产建设项目都同地理学有关,也都需要地理学家参加决策和工作,而且也都要综合地解决问题,然而今日地理学的队伍和质量与此是不相适应的,何况十年文化革命期间,地理教育几乎陷于停顿,今日地理工作的人材奇缺,青黄不接。因此我们深切地体会到不仅要改革地理教育,也要以新的眼光来认识地理学。

Improved absorbing boundary condition based on linear interpolation for ADI-FDTD method

With the linear interpolation method, an improved absorbing boundary condition（ABC）is introduced and derived, which is suitable for the alternating-direction-implicit finite- difference time-domain （ADI-FDTD） method. The reflection of the ABC caused by both the truncated error and the phase velocity error is analyzed. Based on the phase velocity estimation and the nonuniform cell, two methods are studied and then adopted to improve the performance of the ABC. A calculation case of a rectangular waveguide which is a typical dispersive transmission line is carried out using the ADI-FDTD method with the improved ABC for evaluation. According to the calculated case, the comparison is given between the reflection coefficients of the ABC with and without the velocity estimation and also the comparison between the reflection coefficients of the ABC with and without the nonuniform processing. The reflection variation of the ABC under different time steps is also analyzed and the acceptable worsening will not obscure the improvement on the absorption. Numerical results obviously show that efficient improvement on the absorbing performance of the ABC is achieved based on these methods for the ADI-FDTD.

WAVE TRANSFORMATION AND BREAKING OVER A RECTANGULAR STEP

An idealized numerical wave flume has been established by finite element method on the bases of Navier Stokes equations through prescribing the appropriate boundary conditions for the open boundary,incident boundary,free surface and solid boundary in this paper.The characteristics of waves propagating over a step have been investigated by this numerical model.The breaker wave height is determined depending on the kinetic criterion.The numerical model is verified by laboratory experiments,and the empirical formula for the damping of wave height due to breaking is also given by experiments.

英汉词组移动限制中的异同

英汉词组移动限制中的异同金根生１．Ａ盖Ａ原则在《语言学理论逻辑入门》（Ｃｈｏｍｓｋｙ，１９６４，Ｐ．３１）中，乔姆斯基指出：如果词组Ｘ包括于较大的词组ｚｘｗ中，而ｘ与ｚｘｗ又同属于语类范畴Ａ，那么所有适用于Ａ的转换规则都不适用于被包括的，而只适用于较...

Pure quasi-P wave equation and numerical solution in 3D TTI media

Based on the pure quasi-P wave equation in transverse isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis （VTI media）, a quasi-P wave equation is obtained in transverse isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis （TTI media）. This is achieved using projection transformation, which rotates the direction vector in the coordinate system of observation toward the direction vector for the coordinate system in which the z-component is parallel to the symmetry axis of the TTI media. The equation has a simple form, is easily calculated, is not influenced by the pseudo-shear wave, and can be calculated reliably when δ is greater than ε. The finite difference method is used to solve the equation. In addition, a perfectly matched layer （PML） absorbing boundary condition is obtained for the equation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results with forward modeling prove that the equation can accurately simulate a quasi-P wave in TTI medium.

A truncated implicit high-order finite-difference scheme combined with boundary conditions

In this paper, first we calculate finite-difference coefficients of implicit finite- difference methods （IFDM） for the first and second-order derivatives on normal grids and first- order derivatives on staggered grids and find that small coefficients of high-order IFDMs exist. Dispersion analysis demonstrates that omitting these small coefficients can retain approximately the same order accuracy but greatly reduce computational costs. Then, we introduce a mirrorimage symmetric boundary condition to improve IFDMs accuracy and stability and adopt the hybrid absorbing boundary condition （ABC） to reduce unwanted reflections from the model boundary. Last, we give elastic wave modeling examples for homogeneous and heterogeneous models to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.

VIV analysis of pipelines under complex span conditions

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections,but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV),which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon,if not predicted and controlled properly,will negatively affect pipeline integrity,leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by:long span lengths,a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed,and multi-span interactions. In addition,the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty,concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a'state-of-the-art' finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.

Study on applicability of modal analysis of thin finite length cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach

Donnell’s thin shell theory and basic equations based on the wave propagation method discussed in detail here, is used to investigate the natural frequencies of thin finite length circular cylindrical shells under various boundary conditions. Mode shapes are drawn to explain the circumferential mode number n and axial mode number m, and the natural frequencies are cal-culated numerically and compared with those of FEM (finite element method) to confirm the reliability of the analytical solution. The effects of relevant parameters on natural frequencies are discussed thoroughly. It is shown that for long thin shells the method is simple, accurate and effective.

Changes in Coupled Vibration Frequencies and Modes of Wall-Cavity Systems Induced by Stiffness Variation in the Structure

Problems of fluid structure interactions are governed by a set of fundamental parameters. This work aims at showing through simple examples the changes in natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes for wall-cavity systems when the structural rigidity is modified. Numerical results are constructed using ANSYS software with triangular finite elements for both the fluid （2D acoustic elements） and the solid （plane stress） domains. These former results are compared to proposed analytical expressions, showing an alternative benchmark tool for the analyst. Very rigid wall structures imply in frequencies and mode shapes almost identical to those achieved for an acoustic cavity with Neumann boundary condition at the interface. In this case, the wall behaves as rigid and fluid-structure system mode shapes are similar to those achieved for the uncoupled reservoir case.

Numerical Solution of Some Diffusion Problems in 3-Layered 3D Domain

In this paper we consider averaging and finite difference methods for solving the 3-D boundary-value problem in a multilayered domain. We consider the metal concentration in the 3 layered peat blocks. Using experimental data the mathematical model for calculating the concentration of metal at different points in peat layers is developed. A specific feature of these problems is that it is necessary to solve the 3-D boundary-value problems for the partial differential equations （PDEs） of the elliptic type of second order with piece-wise diffusion coefficients in the three layer domain. We develop here a finite-difference method for solving a problem of the above type with the periodical boundary condition in x direction. This procedure allows reducing the 3-D problem to a system of 2-D problems by using a circulant matrix.

开洞波形钢板剪力墙受剪承载力及耗能能力分析

为明确波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件并分析开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的影响,基于波形钢板剪切屈曲理论推导其屈曲应力计算式,并采用数值分析及变形等级划分方法得到约束刚度比取值范围,由此提出波形钢板剪力墙不发生屈曲的界限条件为屈曲应力大于剪切屈服应力且约束刚度比大于3。通过对比开洞模型的变形等级计算参数,验证界限条件对开洞波形钢板墙的适用性,建立有限元模型研究钢板墙高宽比、钢板厚度、开洞率、洞口高宽比及洞口位置对波形钢板墙承载力及耗能能力的影响。结果表明:钢板高宽比越小、板厚越大,开洞对其承载力及耗能能力的削弱程度越大,洞口高宽比在0.33~0.5之间时开洞波形钢板墙的承载力及耗能最大,中心开洞时的最小。基于波形钢板剪力墙全截面剪切屈服的受力机理对其受剪承载力和塑性耗能计算式进行推导,并通过拟合得到考虑洞口参数影响的开洞波形钢板剪力墙受剪承载力及耗能折减系数计算式;通过9组不开洞模型和30组不同洞口尺寸及位置的开洞模型对计算式的有效性进行验证。结果表明计算值与模拟值的误差均在15%以内,适用于满足无屈曲界限条件的开洞波形钢板剪力墙。

Residual-based a posteriori error estimates for symmetric conforming mixed finite elements for linear elasticity problems

A posteriori error estimators for the symmetric mixed finite element methods for linear elasticity problems with Dirichlet and mixed boundary conditions are proposed. Reliability and efficiency of the estimators are proved. Numerical examples are presented to verify the theoretical results.

A Variational Finite Element Model for Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows

The authors introduce a new Large Eddy Simulation model in a channel, based on the projection on finite element spaces as filtering operation in its variationM form, for a given triangulation （Th）h〉0. The eddy viscosity is expressed in terms of the friction velocity in the boundary layer due to the wall, and is of a standard sub grid-model form outside the boundary layer. The mixing length scale is locally equal to the grid size. The computational domain is the channel without the linear sub-layer of the boundary layer. The no-slip boundary condition （or BC for short） is replaced by a Navier （BC） at the computational wall. Considering the steady state case, the authors show that the variational finite element model they have introduced, has a solution （Vh,Ph）h〉O that converges to a solution of the steady state Navier-Stokes equation with Navier BC.

Effects of first-order chemical reactions on the dispersion coefficient associated with laminar flow through the lungs

This paper aims to look into the determination of effective area-average concentration and dispersion coefficient associated with unsteady flow through a small-diameter tube where a solute undergoes first-order chemical reaction both within the fluid and at the boundary. The reaction consists of a reversible component due to phase exchange between the flowing fluid and the wall layer, and an irreversible component due to absorption into the wall. To understand the dispersion, the governing equations along with the reactive boundary conditions are solved numerically using the Finite Difference Method. The resultant equation shows how the dispersion coefficient is influenced by the first-order chemical reaction. The effects of various dimensionless parameters e.g. Da （the Damkohler number）, a （phase partitioning number） and F （dimensionless absorption number） on dispersion are discussed. One of the results exposes that the dispersion coefficient may approach its steady-state limit in a short time at a high value of Damkohler number （say Da 〉 10） and a small but nonzero value of absorption rate （say P 〈0.5）.