针对巴氏合金与钢体组成的复合材料,提出并推导了结合界面影响因子λ计算公式。采用电弧喷涂技术制备了有无镀锡层工艺处理ZCh Sn Sb11-6/20钢复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能,得到了结合界面影响因子λ关于巴氏合金比重ξ的数学关系式...针对巴氏合金与钢体组成的复合材料,提出并推导了结合界面影响因子λ计算公式。采用电弧喷涂技术制备了有无镀锡层工艺处理ZCh Sn Sb11-6/20钢复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能,得到了结合界面影响因子λ关于巴氏合金比重ξ的数学关系式。结果表明:无镀锡层处理的复合材料结合界面影响因子λ_1随巴氏合金比重ξ的增加而单调递减;而有镀锡层处理的复合材料λ_2与ξ的函数关系存在拐点ξ=0.597,即巴氏合金层存在最佳厚度,使巴氏合金与20钢的结合达到一种平衡,结合性能最佳。经验证,镀锡层工艺处理增强了复合材料的界面结合性能,而且当ξ=0.6时,其界面结合力最大。展开更多
Drop breakage and coalescence influence the particle formation in liquid-liquid dispersions. In order to reduce the influencing factors of the whole dispersion process, single drops where coalescence processes can be ...Drop breakage and coalescence influence the particle formation in liquid-liquid dispersions. In order to reduce the influencing factors of the whole dispersion process, single drops where coalescence processes can be neglected were analyzed in this work. Drops passing the turbulent vicinity of a single stirrer blade were investi- gated by high-speed imaging. In order to gain a statistically relevant amount of drops passing the area of interest and corresponding breakage events, at least 1600 droplets were considered for each parameter set of this work. A specially developed fully automatic image analysis based on Matlab was used for the evaluation of the resulting high amount of image data. This allowed the elimination of the time-consuming manual analysis and further- more, allowed the objective evaluation of the drops＇ behavior. Different deformation parameters were consid- ered in order to describe the drop deformation dynamics properly. Regarding the ratio of both main particle axes （0axes）, which was therefore approximated through an ellipse, allowed the determination of very small de- viations from the spherical shape. The perimeter of the particle （0peri） was used for the description of highly de- formed shapes. In this work the results of a higher viscosity paraffin oil （ηd =127 mPa. s） and a low viscosity solvent （petroleum, ηd = 1.7 mPa-s） are presented with and without the addition of SDS to the continuous water phase. All results show that the experimentally determined oscillation but also deformation times underlie a wide spreading. Drop deformations significantly increased not only with increasing droplet viscosity, but also with decreasing interfacial tension. Highly deformed particles of one droplet species were more likely to break than more or less spherical particles. As droplet fragmentation results from a variety of different macro-scale de- formed particles, it is not assumed that a critical deformation value must be reached for the fragmentation pro- cess to occur. Especially for highly deformed particles thin particle filaments are assumed to induce the breakage process and, therefore, be responsible for the separation of drops.展开更多
The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, i...The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, in previous investigation, the analysis on the measurement error was qualitative and only focused on the total effects on the measurement without decoupling the influencing factors. This paper discusses the effects of influencing factors on the measurement results for the interface propagation-based method. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the influencing factors, namely model simplification, subcooling and natural convection, along with their impact on the measurement process and corresponding measurement results. The numerical solutions were provided in terms of moving curves of the solid-liquid interface and the predicted values of thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the impact of simplified model was strongly dependent on Stefan number of the melting process. The degree of subcooling would lead to underestimated values for thermal conductivity prediction. The natural convection would intensify the heat transfer rate in the liquid region, thereby overestimating the obtained results of thermal conductivity. Correlations and experimental guidelines are provided. The relative errors are limited in ±1.5%,±3%and ±2% corresponding to the impact of simplified model, subcooling and natural convection, respectively.展开更多
Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is...Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is established to predict drying time and the mass variations of materials during the drying. The experimental results agree well with those calculated by the model.展开更多
文摘针对巴氏合金与钢体组成的复合材料,提出并推导了结合界面影响因子λ计算公式。采用电弧喷涂技术制备了有无镀锡层工艺处理ZCh Sn Sb11-6/20钢复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能,得到了结合界面影响因子λ关于巴氏合金比重ξ的数学关系式。结果表明:无镀锡层处理的复合材料结合界面影响因子λ_1随巴氏合金比重ξ的增加而单调递减;而有镀锡层处理的复合材料λ_2与ξ的函数关系存在拐点ξ=0.597,即巴氏合金层存在最佳厚度,使巴氏合金与20钢的结合达到一种平衡,结合性能最佳。经验证,镀锡层工艺处理增强了复合材料的界面结合性能,而且当ξ=0.6时,其界面结合力最大。
基金supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the project "Modelling,Simulation,and Control of Drop Size Distributions in Stirred Liquid/liquid Systems - KR1639/15-1"the "Max-Buchner-Forschungsstiftung"
文摘Drop breakage and coalescence influence the particle formation in liquid-liquid dispersions. In order to reduce the influencing factors of the whole dispersion process, single drops where coalescence processes can be neglected were analyzed in this work. Drops passing the turbulent vicinity of a single stirrer blade were investi- gated by high-speed imaging. In order to gain a statistically relevant amount of drops passing the area of interest and corresponding breakage events, at least 1600 droplets were considered for each parameter set of this work. A specially developed fully automatic image analysis based on Matlab was used for the evaluation of the resulting high amount of image data. This allowed the elimination of the time-consuming manual analysis and further- more, allowed the objective evaluation of the drops＇ behavior. Different deformation parameters were consid- ered in order to describe the drop deformation dynamics properly. Regarding the ratio of both main particle axes （0axes）, which was therefore approximated through an ellipse, allowed the determination of very small de- viations from the spherical shape. The perimeter of the particle （0peri） was used for the description of highly de- formed shapes. In this work the results of a higher viscosity paraffin oil （ηd =127 mPa. s） and a low viscosity solvent （petroleum, ηd = 1.7 mPa-s） are presented with and without the addition of SDS to the continuous water phase. All results show that the experimentally determined oscillation but also deformation times underlie a wide spreading. Drop deformations significantly increased not only with increasing droplet viscosity, but also with decreasing interfacial tension. Highly deformed particles of one droplet species were more likely to break than more or less spherical particles. As droplet fragmentation results from a variety of different macro-scale de- formed particles, it is not assumed that a critical deformation value must be reached for the fragmentation pro- cess to occur. Especially for highly deformed particles thin particle filaments are assumed to induce the breakage process and, therefore, be responsible for the separation of drops.
基金Project(51606224) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, in previous investigation, the analysis on the measurement error was qualitative and only focused on the total effects on the measurement without decoupling the influencing factors. This paper discusses the effects of influencing factors on the measurement results for the interface propagation-based method. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the influencing factors, namely model simplification, subcooling and natural convection, along with their impact on the measurement process and corresponding measurement results. The numerical solutions were provided in terms of moving curves of the solid-liquid interface and the predicted values of thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the impact of simplified model was strongly dependent on Stefan number of the melting process. The degree of subcooling would lead to underestimated values for thermal conductivity prediction. The natural convection would intensify the heat transfer rate in the liquid region, thereby overestimating the obtained results of thermal conductivity. Correlations and experimental guidelines are provided. The relative errors are limited in ±1.5%,±3%and ±2% corresponding to the impact of simplified model, subcooling and natural convection, respectively.
文摘Based on the experiments on freeze-drying carrot and potato slabs, the effects of some parameters, such as heating temperature and pressure on the freeze-drying process are examined. A simple model of freeze-drying is established to predict drying time and the mass variations of materials during the drying. The experimental results agree well with those calculated by the model.
